21. White-Collar Crime Victims And The Issue Of Trust: Spalek al. 1994). The general finding in these studies is that whitecollar crime has little, if any, effect upon victims trust. However http://www.britsoccrim.org/bccsp/vol04/spalek.html

White-Collar Crime Victims and the Issue of Trust Basia Spalek Abstract This paper presents the results of a study exploring relationships of trust and distrust between the offender, the victims, regulators and the wider financial system in a particular case of white-collar crime. Individuals whose pension fund assets were defrauded by Robert Maxwell were interviewed in order to examine the consequences of financial crime and mismanagement upon the construction of trust towards financial investment. Results reveal that individuals manage the risks posed by financial crime and mismanagement through complex, yet routine, perceptions of trust and distrust, which may be profoundly influenced by an experience of victimisation. Introduction Trust Fukuyama (1996) argues that modern economic life entails a minimum level of trust, where trust is defined as: The expectation that arises within a community of regular, honest and co-operative behaviour, based on commonly shared norms, on the part of other members of that community (Fukuyama: 1996: 26).

22. McGuireWoods LLP | Practice Areas | White Collar Crime and enforcement attorneys offer traditional whitecollar representation in the counseling of clients with issues before state attorneys general. http://www.mcguirewoods.com/departments/commercial_litigation/white_collar.asp

Search Site Practice Lawyers Department News Updates FOR MORE INFORMATION Contact Richard Cullen rcullen@mcguirewoods.com Our government investigations and enforcement attorneys offer traditional "white-collar" representation in the counseling of clients with issues before state attorneys general. Our team includes former federal and state prosecutors uniquely equipped with the experience, insight and credibility to assist clients facing enforcement initiatives and investigations and two former state attorneys general to advise clients who are negotiating or litigating with states. Today, our practice mirrors the areas of priority of federal and state government agencies. Recent matters involved clients in agribusiness, energy, health care, banking, environment, anti-trust and securities regulations and compliance. Our team is lead by Richard Cullen , who has served both as Attorney General of Virginia (1997-98) and United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia (1991-93). He is assisted by Toby Vick William G. Broaddus

23. LookSmart - Directory - White Collar Crime crime Presents the text of laws on such white collar crimes as mail National Association of Attorneys general National Association of Attorneys general site http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us552286/us4067299/us156814/?&

24. LookSmart - Directory - White Collar Crime white collar crime InfoCenter Resource provides general information on whitecollar crime, and also posts the latest news about white-collar crimes in America. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us552286/us4067299/us156814/?&

25. K&L : Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP : Practices And Industries : White Collar Crime white collar crime/Criminal Defense Areas of Practice Our attorneys routinely handle a and state prosecutors and a former United States Attorney general. http://www.kl.com/practices/practices_detail.asp?id=000002116003

26. State Of Wisconsin - DOJ DCI White Collar Crime Bureau The Attorney general is committed to making sure that the Department of of training opportunities to local law enforcement on the white collar crime issues. http://www.doj.state.wi.us/dci/collar/

State of Wisconsin Department of Justice Attorney General Peg Lautenschlager Home About DOJ Search Site Map ... Traveling Sales Crews Division of Criminal Investigation White Collar Crimes Bureau The White Collar Crimes Bureau of the Division of Criminal Investigation conducts criminal investigations of complaints relating to an area of criminal conduct referred to as "white collar/economic crime" including embezzlements, thefts, bank frauds, security fraud, health care fraud, identity theft and insurance fraud. In addition, the Bureau conducts criminal investigations of complaints relating to public corruption and misconduct of public officers. Special agents from the White Collar Crimes Bureau also investigate criminal complaints involving antitrust violations, like bid rigging, territory allocation, and the restraint of trade. The Bureau also works cooperatively with the Department of Commerce to investigate criminal complaints involving petroleum environmental cleanup violations (PECFA). Bureau personnel also provide training to local, state and federal law enforcement officers in the four areas described above.

27. White Collar Crime Law Justice Criminal Law Frauds / Scams general • Law Justice Criminal Law Theft / Stolen Property white collar crime • Social Sciences http://www.fairness.com/resources/by-metacat?metacat_id=853

28. White Collar Crime In Russia And U.S. white collar crime in Russia and US Not long ago, New York State Attorney general Eliot Spitzer entered into a civil settlement with a number of Wall Street http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/7/23/143936.shtml

June 12, 2004 Celebrate: Ronald Reagan Home Late-Night Jokes Archives ... More Inside Cover Stories Click Here Click Here Click Here Click Here NewsMax Top 10 Hottest Sellers June 8, 2004 USS Reagan Hat Reagan's Greatest Laughs Deck of Reagan Presidential Coffee Mugs ... VISIT OUR STORE New items all the time White Collar Crime in Russia and U.S. Edward I. Koch Saturday, July 26, 2003 Last February, I read a New York Times article on the so-called Russian oligarchs, a number of whom are now the subject of criminal investigation in Russia for having fraudulently obtained billions of dollars in state-owned properties for next to nothing. The Times reported, “In Russia the small group centered on people like Vladimir Potanin, Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Mr. [Boris] Berezovsky who, through a complicated mechanism that would have been labeled an outright scam in the West, gained control of vast slabs of the former Soviet state’s minerals and oil through arranged auctions and loans worth only a fraction of the companies being acquired.” I immediately wrote to Russian President Vladimir Putin, asking: “Wouldn’t it make sense for a special prosecutor to examine all of the purchases made by so-called oligarchs when the Soviet Union collapsed and Russia accepted the market economy and began the disposition of assets heretofore belonging to the state? If, as The Times states, the auctions and loans are perceived as outright scams by experts in the West, why should the Russian people be permanently deprived of those assets and the income derived from them? I think you would be applauded worldwide if you were to have the matter adjudicated fairly before a court of competent jurisdiction.”

29. White Collar Crime Fraud investigation Auditing white collar crime Business / Economics / Finance Business Economics Auditing general Accounting - general http://topics.practical.org/browse/White_Collar_Crime

topics.practical.org White Collar Crime Fraud 101 : Techniques and Strategies for Detection Howard R. Davia Commercial crimes United States ... Forensic Science

30. Sentencing And Enforcement Of White Collar Crimes likely to have judges depart from the guidelines than whitecollar crimes. Again, the drug trafficking offenses are a possible exception to the general rule. http://www.heritage.org/Research/Crime/Test061902.cfm

site map help contact us The Heritage Foundation ... Crime Sentencing and Enforcement of White Collar Crimes Policy Archive: view by date Policy Archive: view by issue ... Return Home Sentencing and Enforcement of White Collar Crimes by Paul Rosenzweig Testimony Testimony before the Senate Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs Good morning Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee. Thank you for the opportunity to testify before you today on the topic of white-collar crime enforcement and sentencing. For the record, I am a Senior Legal Research Fellow in the Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at The Heritage Foundation, an independent research and educational organization. I am also an Adjunct Professor of Law at George Mason University where I teach Criminal Procedure and an advanced seminar on White Collar and Corporate Crime. I am a graduate of the University of Chicago Law School and a former law clerk to Chief Judge Anderson of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. For much of the past 15 years I have served as a prosecutor in the Department of Justice and elsewhere, prosecuting white-collar offenses. During the two years immediately prior to joining The Heritage Foundation, I was in private practice representing principally white-collar criminal defendants. The title of this hearing "Penalties for White Collar Offenses: Are We Really Getting Tough On Crime?" poses an empirical question. But before addressing it directly allow me a few preliminary observations.

31. Sentencing Of Corporate Fraud And White Collar Crimes collar frauds that are not addressed.But these two factors would appear to be a suitable proxy for the general question – is this a “white collar crime?”. http://www.heritage.org/Research/Crime/test032403.cfm

site map help contact us The Heritage Foundation ... Crime Sentencing of Corporate Fraud and White Collar Crimes Policy Archive: view by date Policy Archive: view by issue ... Return Home Sentencing of Corporate Fraud and White Collar Crime by Paul Rosenzweig Testimony Good morning Judge Murphy and Members of the Commission.Thank you for the opportunity to testify on the proposed amendment regarding corporate fraud and, more generally, about the nature of white-collar crime sentencing. White Collar Crime, Business Fraud, and Regulatory Fraud The proposal before the Commission would (as did the emergency amendment) add two new levels to the loss table in section 2B1.1 at the top end, providing for even greater penalties for frauds involving more than $200 and $400 million respectively.It would also make permanent various new provisions enhancing penalties when the fraud in question affects a large number of victims, involves a director or officers of a publicly traded company, or substantially endangers the safety and soundness of a financial institution, a public company, or a large private company. all With all due respect to the Department, I believe that the alternative it urges, embodied in the options proposed for consideration by the Commission, misread Congressional intent in enacting Sarbanes-Oxley.

32. Controlling White Collar Crime The resources of the white collar crime web site will support this educational effort. Speaker American Expert (FBI or Attorney general). http://www.kentlaw.edu/poland/white_collar_crime.htm

Controlling White Collar Crime: A Workshop Promoting Polish-Ukrainian Cross-Border Cooperation Controlling White Collar Crime: A Workshop Promoting Polish-Ukrainian Cross-Border Cooperation is the first step in a program that addresses the fact that white collar crime often takes place across borders. This proposal describes the Workshop and then explains the broader program that it initiates. Organizers and supporters Appendix A describes the Foundation. The Foundation has the active cooperation and support of the Chicago-Kent College of Law, along with the following Polish, Ukrainian, and American businesses and government agencies: Ukraine Poland United States Ministry of the Interior Ministry of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Procurator General Ministry of Finance Illinois Attorney General Security Service State Security Agency University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Police Bureau of Criminal Services Ukrainian Consulate, Chicago Polish Consulate, Chicago

33. 212.net/White Collar Gottfredson. They believe that a general theory of crime may be applied to street crime, white collar crime, and other forms of crime. This http://www.212.net/crime/white_collar.htm

White Collar Crimes Most people think about thugs and hoodlums as the typical criminal. Our jails are full of poorly educated young men whose violent crimes are constantly flashed across our TV screens and written about in our newspapers. The big-time criminals, the ones who do not get caught, wear three-piece suits and use computers, lawyers, and accountants to separate people from their money. About 20,000 murders are reported to police in an average year. “Nonviolent” white collar criminals probably kill many more people than all the violent street criminals put together. By virtually any criterion, white collar crime is our most serious crime problem. Although it may be impossible to determine exactly how many people are killed and injured annually because white collar crimes, the claim that such crimes are harmless, nonviolent offenses is not true. Business criminals are attracted by stock market scams, fraud, price-fixing, kickbacks, and the making and selling of dangerous goods. James Coleman views white collar crime as “violations of law committed in the course of a legitimate occupation or financial pursuit by persons who hold respected positions in their communities.” Coleman also states that crimes “. . . committed for the benefit of the individual criminal without organizational support and organizational crimes committed with support from an organization that is, at least in part, furthering its own ends” are also white collar crimes. Confusing the issue even more, he listed rent code violations by landlords, political corruption, embezzlement, employee theft, illegal acts by government workers, and stealing by dock workers as white collar crimes.

34. Zeal.com - United States - New - Library - Society - Crime & Justice - Crime By com/ Resource provides general information on whitecollar crime, and also posts the latest news about white-collar crimes in America. http://zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=156814

35. What About Three-Strikes-and-You Re-Out For Corporate Criminals? if this were the policy of the state attorney general s office to The main difference, of course, is that the energy companies engaged in whitecollar crime. http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0307-02.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Featured Views Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Friday, March 7, 2003 by CommonDreams.org What About Three-Strikes-and-You're-Out for Corporate Criminals? by Lee Drutman Say what you will about California's three-strikes law, but one thing's for sure: Many Californians voted for it in 1994 because they were sick and tired of recidivist criminals breaking the law over and over. They wanted to get tough and put a real deterrent on criminal behavior. "Our goal in California is to have no more victims," said former California Secretary of State Bill Jones, the chief author of state's three-strikes law. On March 5, the Supreme Court affirmed the constitutionality of the law by a 5-to-4 vote. It was a close vote because a life sentence for a third crime that's relatively minor borders on cruel and unusual punishment. In practice, it means that Gary Albert Ewing, an AIDS patient, will get 25 years in prison for stealing $1,200 worth of golf clubs from a pro shop and Leandro Andrade will get 50 years for shoplifting $153 worth of children's videos from K-Mart. Meanwhile, a theft millions of times as large as either Ewing's or Andrade's remains unpunished and largely undeterred. Just a few days prior to the Supreme Court ruling, California officials sent federal regulators 1,000 pages of evidence that they felt proved once and for all that more than a dozen power companies had conspired to manipulate energy prices in 2000 and 2001, gouging California ratepayers by $9 billion. Nine billion dollars. Kind of makes $1,200 worth of golf clubs or $153 worth of kid's videos seem like small potatoes. In fact, that's more than twice the $3.8 billion that the FBI estimates street crime costs its victims each year across the entire country.

36. Healthcare - Http://maxpages.com/savinggrace/WHITE_COLLAR_CRIME white collar crime. THE CRIMINALS ARE ADMITTING THEY STOLE TAX PAYERS MEDICARE $13.5 Billion in Medicare Losses Reported Inspector general Offers Offenders http://maxpages.com/savinggrace/WHITE_COLLAR_CRIME

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37. Crime And Law Enforcement --  Encyclopædia Britannica white collar crime, Corruption, and Fraud The CPI, a poll drawing upon many surveys of expert and general public views of the extent of corruption in 85 nations http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=136325&tocid=92645&query=law, crime, and

38. Writing-World.com: Murder Ink FOR MORE INFORMATION. The following sites contain a mixture of general and specific information on whitecollar crime. Statistics http://www.writing-world.com/columns/mystery/murder13.shtml

Subscribe to our FREE NEWSLETTER! sub unsub HOME AUTHOR'S BOOKSHELF WRITERS WANTED CLASSES ... Your Writing! Stephen D. Rogers sdr633@hotmail.com ) has published mysteries in magazines ranging from Plots With Guns to Woman's World, multiple anthologies, and several non-mystery markets. He is a graduate of the Framingham Police Department's Citizen Policy Academy and a member of Mystery Writers of America, Private Eye Writers of America, and the Short Mystery Fiction Society. His website ( http://www.stephendrogers.com ) has a short how-to which changes monthly. January 2004: White-Collar Crime Some people ask whether a mystery has to revolve around murder. While murder (or the threat of murder) is the genesis of most mysteries, you can also write about other violent crimes (such as rape or assault), non-violent crimes (such as car theft or vandalism), or even white-collar crimes. WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES? White-collar crimes are those committed in a business setting for financial gain. The perpetrators are individuals or corporations which appear above reproach and the crimes are non-violent in nature. Because the victims are not physically threatened, these actions are also sometimes called victimless crimes. VICTIMLESS CRIMES?

39. Corporate Crime Reporter YEAR ELIOT SPITZER NY attorney general ferrets out Club hosts a Corporate crime Reporter news the question Will prosecutions of whitecollar crimes change the http://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/

Reports Public Corruption in the United States Top 100 False Claims Act Settlements Top 10 White Collar Crime Defense Lawyers Top 100 Corporate Criminals of the 1990s Documents BGA Integrity Index Public Intergrity Section 2002 Report Report of the Ad Hoc Advisory Group on the Organizational Sentencing Guidelines October 7, 2003 Martha Stewart Indictment (.pdf) William Barr Letter To SEC Urging Crackdown on Corporate Crime (.pdf) Justice Department Memo on Federal Prosecution of Business Organizations Links FBI Financial Crimes Section In the News Halliburton Hires Law Firm To Look Into Bribe Charges Wall Street Journal February 17, 2004 Despite Problems, Connecticut Has Low Corruption Rank New York Times January 21, 2004 States ranked as most corrupt THE WASHINGTON TIMES January 19, 2004 New Jersey not the most corrupt, but more than most NewsDay.com January 19, 2004

40. White Collar Crime: Avoid Or Mitigate Penalties Through A Compliance Program Intensified enforcement of white collar crime laws as well the implementation of the Federal recently that 15 out of 16 state attorneys general afford more http://www.swiggartagin.com/aigc/tic24.html

Compliance Avoid or Mitigate Penalties Through a Compliance Program B Y J A LDEN L INCOLN Federal indictments of companies have jumped tenfold of late from about 40 per year in the early 1980s to more than 400 nationwide, and state indictments also have increased. Intensified enforcement of "white collar crime" laws as well the implementation of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines (the "Guidelines") is increasing the need for companies to implement internal compliance programs. Many of the indicted companies operate legitimate businesses whose normal activities have run them afoul of laws and regulations. Such laws may cover matters such as environmental protection, foreign sales, federal and state government procurement, medical device and drug testing and marketing, and the like. A company that implements an effective compliance program under the Guidelines and cooperates with law enforcement agencies will suffer less severe penalties in the event of a criminal indictment than a company with no such program. Fines may be reduced by as much as 90%, and the company may avoid court supervised compliance. In addition, directors and managers of corporations may avoid being singled out for discipline or personal liability. The Corporate Counsel Quarterly reported recently that 15 out of 16 state attorneys general afford more lenient treatment to companies that employ effective compliance programs. On the federal level, the mitigation incentives under the Guidelines require judges to credit companies for effective compliance in determining sentences to be imposed for any number of criminal violations.

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