41. Welfare Reform In California 2. Historical Background and Context for Federal and California welfare reform legislation Background on Federal Welfare Reform http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1051/

MR-1051-CDSS RAND A continuous PDF version of this document is available. Contents Preface Figures Tables Summary ... 1. Introduction Background Objectives and Approach Scope Organization of this Document 2. Historical Background and Context for Federal and California Welfare Reform Legislation Background on Federal Welfare Reform Legislation Background on California's Welfare Reform Legislation 3. Planning for CalWORKs at the State and County Levels Planning at the State Level Planning for CalWORKs in the Focus Counties CDSS Responses to the County Plans Planning Under CalWORKs 4. Implementing CalWORKs: County Status in Moving Through the Welfare-to-Work Process Participation Requirements The Components of the CalWORKs WTW Program Self-Sufficiency Nonparticipation Sanctions WTW Under CalWORKs 5. Implementing CalWORKs: Providing Support Services Guidelines for Support Services CalWORKs Funding for Support Services Status of Support Services Program Issues 6. Reorganization Status at the State and County Levels State-Level Organizational Change County-Level Organizational Change 7. Conclusions and Emerging Themes

42. Implications For Family Planning Of Post-Welfare Reform Insurance Trends First, they need to retain Medicaid coverage for families losing cash assistance as a result of the limitations imposed by the welfare reform legislation. http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/gr020606.html

Volume 2, No. 6, December 1999 This article is also available in PDF format Special Analysis Implications for Family Planning of Post-Welfare Reform Insurance Trends New tabulations by The Alan Guttmacher Institute of Census Bureau data show that between 1994 and 1998, the proportion of American women of reproductive age enrolled in Medicaid fell by 21%. By 1998, nearly one in five American women of reproductive age lacked insurance of any kind. While the precise causes and effects are not yet completely clear, welfare reform is likely to have played a major role in these developments, which have important implications both for women needing family planning services and for the health care professionals seeking to serve them. By Rachel Benson Gold Historically, eligibility for Medicaidthe joint federal-state health insurance program for very poor Americanswas tied to eligibility for cash assistance under the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program, commonly known as public assistance or welfare. Families who met the eligibility requirements for welfare were automatically enrolled in Medicaid; in most cases, there were neither separate requirements nor a discrete Medicaid enrollment process. With passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996welfare reformCongress ended the decades-old entitlement to public assistance, instead placing a time limit on a family's eligibility for aid. As the legislation took shape, health care advocates were concerned that as a result of losing welfare benefits, large numbers of families would automatically lose their Medicaid coverage as well.

43. Census Bureau Launches 10-Year Study To Follow Effects Of Welfare Reform Legisla TDD) email pio@census.gov Patricia Johnson 301-763-8575 Census Bureau Launches 10-Year Study to Follow Effects of welfare reform legislation The Commerce http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/cb97-73.html

-X- The Census Bureaupre-eminent collector and provider of timely, relevant, and quality data about the people and economy of the United States. In over 100 surveys annually and 20 censuses a decade, evolving from the first census in 1790, the Census Bureau provides official information about America's people, businesses, industries, and institutions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Public Information Office Last Revised: April 11, 2001 at 10:20:49 AM Newsroom News Releases Broadcast Services Tip Sheets ... Home

44. Effective Childcare—The Welfare Reform Dividend As Congress takes up the reauthorization of the 1996 welfare reform legislation, it is important that actual needs, such as effective childcare for working http://www.acton.org/ppolicy/comment/article.php?id=124

45. Welfare Reform Overview of the Federal welfare reform legislation. President Clinton signed into law welfare reform legislation on August 22, 1996 (PL 104193). http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/workforce/welfare/wffed.html

Overview of the Federal Welfare Reform Legislation TANF Block Grant Provisions Time limitations on benefits and services Individual heads of households are eligible for TANF benefits for no more than five years over the course of their lifetime. States are permitted to exempt up to 20% of the caseload from this limit. Individuals may not receive TANF-funded vocational education for more 12 months. Teen parents Every teen parent under 18 years of age who lacks a high school diploma or the equivalent must be satisfactorily attending programs leading to a secondary credential or the equivalent or to employment as a condition of receiving federal assistance. Abstinence Education: Starting in 1998, $50 million a year in mandatory funds will be added to the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Block Grant to enable states to provide abstinence education with the option of targeting the funds to high risk groups (i.e., groups most likely to bear children out-of-wedlock). Education activities are explicitly defined. Work Requirements Work after two years: As part of their state plan, states must demonstrate that they will require families to work after two years on assistance. However, there are no penalties if a state does not meet this requirement.

46. The Brookings Institution for Needy Families (TANF) program and a number of related programs that were created or dramatically altered by the 1996 landmark welfare reform legislation. http://www.brookings.edu/press/books/welfare_reform_and_beyond.htm

Brookings Bookstore News Releases Calendar of Events ... Contact Us Welfare Reform and Beyond The Future of the Safety Net Ron Haskins, Andrea Kane, Isabel V. Sawhill, and Kent R. Weaver, eds. Brookings Institution Press 2002 c. 214pp. Paper Text, 0-8157-0639-1, $18.95 Order by Mail, Fax, Or Phone! Read Sample Chapter DESCRIPTION This capstone collection gathers twenty brief essays (published between January 2001 and February 2002) that focus on assessing the record of welfare reform, specific issues likely to be debated before the TANF reauthorization, and a broader set of policy options for low-income families. It is a reader-friendly volume that will provide policymakers, the press, and the interested public with a comprehensive guide to the numerous issues that must be addressed as Congress considers the future of the nation’s antipoverty policies. The collection covers the following topics and features a new introduction from the editors: An Overview of Effects to Date Welfare Reform Reauthorization: An Overview of Problems and Issues A Tax Proposal for Working Families with Children Welfare Reform and Poverty Reducing Non-Marital Births Which Welfare Reforms are Best for Children?

47. WR&B: Welfare Reform: An Overview Of Effects To Date -- Ron Haskins, Isabel Sawh Thus, with a deadline of October 1, 2002, the 107th Congress must reauthorize the welfare reform legislation (see Appendix Table 1 for summary). http://www.brookings.edu/wrb/publications/pb/pb01/pb01.htm

Welfare Reform: An Overview of Effects to Date Ron Haskins , Isabel Sawhill , Kent Weaver [Full Brief also available in PDF format T your view After reading this policy brief, tell us what you think. We'll post the most interesting comments. send your RESPONSE On August 22, 1996, President Clinton signed legislation that substantially transformed the American welfare system. Many of the new law's provisions, including the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, which replaced the Aid to Families with Dependent Children's (AFDC) program, were authorized for six years. Thus, with a deadline of October 1, 2002, the 107th Congress must reauthorize the welfare reform legislation (see Appendix Table 1 for summary). The appendix to this policy brief describes the welfare reform law in some detail. Six major programs were reformed by the 1996 legislation. The programs include AFDC, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program for children, child support enforcement, child care, food stamps, and child nutrition. In addition, the new law put considerable emphasis on reducing nonmarital births and welfare benefits for aliens. These changes are also described in the Appendix. This initial policy brief focuses on results of the most debated and controversial 1996 reform: replacing the AFDC program with TANF. This change converted welfare from an entitlement that paid mostly cash benefits to needy parents into a combined cash benefit/work program with a benefit that was contingent on meeting work or work preparation requirements. Open-ended federal funding was replaced with block grant funding that was fixed over the 1997 to 2002 period, thereby giving states a financial incentive to lower welfare caseloads. States were also required to meet a work participation standard that began at 25 percent of the caseload in 1997 and grew to 50 percent of caseload in 2002. This and the other major reforms are summarized in the appendix.

48. Pediatrics: Implications Of Welfare Reform For Child Health: Emerging Challenges practitioners in addressing these health effects through clinical practice and public advocacy. ELEMENTS OF welfare reform legislation. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0950/5_106/67442698/p1/article.jhtml?term=chil

49. AFT: Press Releases: Feldman Statement On Responsible Welfare Reform Legislation CONTACT Darrell Capwell 202/8794458. Statement by Sandra Feldman, President of the American Federation of Teachers, on Responsible welfare reform legislation. http://www.aft.org/press/2002/052302.html

AFT Home Press Releases Hard Work Pays For Immediate Release May 23, 2002 CONTACT: Darrell Capwell Statement by Sandra Feldman, President of the American Federation of Teachers on Responsible Welfare Reform Legislation The House-passed welfare reform bill makes a mockery of the critical need to lift families out of poverty, which should be a central part of responsible welfare reform. It also puts at risk the jobs of experienced public employees who are on the frontline providing services to the residents of our cities and states. Under the recently passed bill, welfare recipients will be expected to work longer hours, but no provision is made for childcare and no opportunity is provided for educational training – the real avenue out of poverty. The bill’s funding is woefully inadequate, particularly with the increased need for support with the added work requirement. The House legislation would allow governors to shift billions of dollars away from the people whom Congress intended to receive the funds. It provides little oversight of many critical programs, offering instead a glaring lack of accountability. The Senate has the opportunity to do better and should pass responsible legislation that will protect welfare recipients with adequate supports, get people off the welfare rolls and into good jobs, and not jeopardize the jobs of thousands of qualified and dedicated public employees.

50. Background And History Of Welfare Reform In Connecticut In June 1995, the Connecticut Legislature passed welfare reform legislation which included many of the Governor’s recommendations. http://www.dss.state.ct.us/jobsfirstOLD/history.htm

51. Welfare Reform For more information about how the welfare reform legislation will affect Indian Country, see the DOL s Department of Indian and Native American Program s http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4725/welfare.htm

52. Welfare Reform A Bibliography Legislative Analyst. CalWORKs Welfare Reform. Major Provisions and Issues. An LAO Report. Technical Corrections to welfare reform legislation. http://isd.usc.edu/~anthonya/welfare.htm

Welfare Reform: A Bibliography This bibliography provides access to a selection of books and government documents dealing with welfare reform issues from 1985 to the present. Materials will be found in the University Libraries of the University of Southern California. The bibliography was compiled by Anthony Anderson in November, 1994 and is updated regularly. Send comments and inquiries to anthonya@usc.edu Bane, Mary Jo. Welfare Realities. From Rhetoric to Reform. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994. Doheny [Stacks] HV699.B36 1994 Brock, Thomas, and others. Creating New Hope. Implementation of a Program to Reduce Poverty and Reform Welfare . New York, NY: Manpower Demonstration Research Corp., 1997. Doheny [Stacks] HC110.P6C74 1997 Brown, Amy. Work First. How to Implement an Employment-focused Approach to Welfare Reform, a How-to Guide. [New York, NY]: MDRC, [1997]. Doheny [Stacks] HV91 .B75 1997 Butler, Stuart M., and Anna Kondratas. Out of the Poverty Trap. A Conservative Strategy for Welfare Reform . New York, NY: Free Press, 1987.

53. Policy Page #49 May 23, 1997 No. 49. welfare reform legislation in the Last Days of the Session Moving Dying Lurking. As expected, welfare reform http://www.cppp.org/products/policypages/36-55/36-55html/PP49.html

May 23, 1997 No. 49 Welfare Reform Legislation in the Last Days of the Session Moving Dying Lurking As expected, welfare reform legislation this session has been a mixture of minor technical changes, some positive initiatives and a handful of typically punitive and problematic proposals. As previous Policy Pages Policy Page will report on the status of key welfare reform legislation as the end of the session nears. This is always a dangerous time; bills that have died in committee or missed other deadlines can arise as amendments to moving legislation without warning. This session, there are a few bad welfare bills in just this position and we will have to stay vigilant in these final days. The following chart highlights the status of key legislation. Good Bills Bill # Description Status O SB 1491 by Ellis HB 2928 by Coleman This is the best welfare reform bill this session. It creates a Self-Sufficiency Fund to support real job training for TANF recipients. $12 million of TANF funds have been specifically allocated to this fund. The fund has four important components: 1. Training provided by community colleges, technical colleges, community-based organizations and state extension agencies.

54. NDOL: The Welfare Reform Debate Resumes Resumes This week two major proposals are being unveiled for reauthorization of the landmark 1996 welfare reform legislation. Naturally http://www.ndol.org/ndol_ci.cfm?contentid=250232&kaid=131&subid=192

55. American Civil Liberties Union : Rights Of The Poor : Welfare Reform system must have poverty reduction as its highest priority, the American Civil Liberties Union today warned Congress that welfare reform legislation set for a http://www.aclu.org/PoorRights/PoorRightslist.cfm?c=154

56. American Civil Liberties Union : ACLU Says Current Welfare Reform Measure Ineffe The ACLU also said that the welfare reform legislation would, in many cases, open doors in the states to significant violations of the core civil liberties of http://www.aclu.org/PoorRights/PoorRights.cfm?ID=13523&c=154

57. Immigrant And Native Responses To Welfare Reform the response of foreignborn non-citizens between these states to investigate whether the immigrant provisions of federal welfare reform legislation had a http://papers.nber.org/papers/W8541

Jump to the Navigation Bar Immigrant and Native Responses to Welfare Reform Robert Kaestner , Neeraj Kaushal NBER Working Paper No. w8541 Issued in October 2001 A non-technical summary of this paper is available in the March 2002 NBER digest Abstract - Problems since Tuesday, June 8? If you had access to the full-text recently, but are seeing this message only from Tuesday June 8th on, it may be that your site has a proxy or cache server with ACLs for our former address space (207.113.108.0/24) rather than basing the ACL on our domain name (nber.org) or (inferior) using our new IP address space (66.151.72.0/23). Please give a copy of this page to the librarian at your institution for action. In the meantime, you can still obtain a copy of the paper by selecting "Information for users expecting free downloads" below. Please contact cuthbert@nber.org for more information. Would you like to subscribe to NBER Working Papers? Click here for more information You may purchase this paper on-line in .pdf format from SSRN.com ($5) for electronic delivery. Information for subscribers and others expecting no-cost downloads Publications Programs Data ... People Publications: Main Publications Page New This Week Working Papers Books ... Paid Subscriptions Programs: Program descriptions and members Working Group Descriptions and Papers Selected Projects: Conference on Research in Income and Wealth Sloan Science and Engineering Workforce Project Call for Papers Data: NBER Collection Business Cycle Dates Latest Business Cycle Memo New Economic Releases Selected Sources

58. Welfare Reform: A Pollak Library Research Guide Brief look at the welfare reform legislation. child support enforcement. Children Today, 1997. DOCS/US HE 23.12 24/2 p. 910. http://guides.library.fullerton.edu/welfrefo/

Pollak Library Research Guides Special Topics WELFARE REFORM Welfare Reform A Guide To Resources In CSUF's Pollak Library Internet Resources Statistics—U.S. Statistics—California Web Sites ... top To learn how to find more books, click here RECENT REPORTS: Welfare Reform Reports [Urban Institute] National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies Welfare-to-Work Programs: Strategies for Success (how community colleges programs can help welfare recipients) (2002) Work and Marriage: The Way to End Poverty and Welfare (2003) [Brookings Institution] PDF-8 pages A Decade of Welfare Reform: What We've Learned About Child Well-Being (2002) [RAND] PDF-2 pages A Decade of Welfare Reform: What We've Learned About Welfare Usage and Economic Outcomes (2002) [RAND] PDF-2 pages Student's Guide to Landmark Congressional Laws on Social Security and Welfare (2002) CATALOG RECORD Impact of Welfare Reform on Immigrant Welfare Use PDF-36 pages Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) Annual Report to Congress (scroll down to 2002 annual report) Number of Mothers on Welfare Declines [Census Bureau] (2002) Welfare Reform: Five Years Later [APA] (2001) Pros and Cons: Social Policy Debates of Our Time ( CATALOG RECORD REFERENCE HN59.2 .K56 2001

59. ISU Extension: CYFAR/Welfare Reform Information Welfare Reform Significant changes in the state s role and eligibility for federal assistance are the results of the welfare reform legislation, signed into http://www.extension.iastate.edu/cyfar/welreforminfo/

Family Well-being and Welfare Reform in Iowa Iowa's CYFAR Resources Copin County USA Community Empowerment Resources Building Communities with Strong Families ROWEL Poverty Simulation Cinderella Minus the Prince Primer for Welfare Reform Poverty Resources CDF - Welfare Reform Early Findings Other State Extension Resources Family Well-being and Welfare Reform in Iowa A Study of Income Support, Health, and Social Policies for Low-Income People in Iowa http://www.extension.iastate.edu/pubs/reform.html Iowa State University (ISU) Extension conducted a multi-year project to monitor the effects of welfare reform on Iowa's families and communities following implementation of the federal legislation, Personal Responsibilities and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in January, 1997. CYFAR Resources Copin County USA Simulation "Welfare Reform: Local Policy Development: Copin County USA," developed by the North Central Region, is a hands-on opportunity to experience how local policy is made. This simulation helps people understand how they can effectively be involved in community decision-making Community Empowerment Resources Resources for communities in dealing with the new Community Empowerment legislation. Some of these are direct website links; others are information about ordering resources or training opportunities.

60. Welfare Reform Analysis of welfare reform legislation s impact on health care access;; Effect of welfare and immigration reform on immigrants access to Medicaid and health http://www.gwhealthpolicy.org/welfare_reform.htm

The Center was at the forefront of analyzing the impact of welfare reform on the health system generally and the Medicaid program, specifically. CHSRP's research projects have grown out of its early and groundbreaking analysis of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Specific research topics include: Analysis of welfare reform legislation's impact on health care access; Effect of welfare and immigration reform on immigrants access to Medicaid and health care services; Impact of welfare reform on Medi-Cal enrollment and policies to encourage enrollment; State compliance with Medicaid requirements in welfare reforms; and Stigma's impact on Medicaid enrollment. Related Publications Home Managed Care Contracting HIV/AIDS ... Privacy Policy

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