41. Immigrants And Medicaid After Welfare Reform welfare reform gave states the option to include individuals already here in 1996 in their and the states share the cost of providing health care for specified http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/gr060206.html

Volume 6, Number 2, May 2003 This article is also available in [PDF] format Special Analysis Immigrants and Medicaid After Welfare Reform Immigrantswho comprise more than one in 10 U.S. residentshistorically have faced an array of barriers to obtaining health care, such as poverty, language and cultural differences and, often, resentment. In 1996, Congress added a new impediment to the list when it denied most recent, poor legal immigrants the right to enroll in Medicaid. This policy change has important implications for the nearly nine million foreign-born women of reproductive age residing in the United States and the service providers who are trying to meet their health care needs. By Rachel Benson Gold More than 30 million residents of the United Statesabout 11% of the populationwere born in other countries, according to recent estimates from The Urban Institute. Two-thirds of these immigrants are noncitizens, who are more likely than citizens to be poor, even if they work full-time. Although approximately 28% of immigrants are undocumented, either because they entered the country illegally or overstayed their visas, the overwhelming majority are legal U.S. residents. Eligibility Changes Historically, legal immigrantswhether citizens or noncitizensgenerally were eligible for public benefit programs such as Medicaid on the same basis as were native-born Americans. This changed dramatically in 1996 when Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (popularly known as "welfare reform"). The legislation included provisions designed to ensure that most families already enrolled in Medicaid would continue to be covered and to permit additional poor families to enroll in the program even if they did not meet all of the new welfare requirements; however, that was not the case for most immigrants, even if they were in the United States legally.

42. Health Care Reform And Child Welfare: Meeting The Needs Of Abused And Neglected 58 pages Printed Materials.......health care reform and Child welfare Meeting the Needs of Abused and Neglected Children. Physical http://www.ems-c.org/cfusion/ResourceDetailNew.cfm?id=974137046

43. The Forum | Monitoring The Impact Of Welfare Reform On Immigrant Women, Infants, Summary of Monitoring the Impact of welfare reform on Immigrant Women, Infants, and Children Access to health care, healthSeeking Behaviors, and health http://www.researchforum.org/project_general_164.html

National Overview Welfare Program Components Children Special Populations ... Research Database Monitoring the Impact of Welfare Reform on Immigrant Women, Infants, and Children: Access to Health Care, Health-Seeking Behaviors, and Health Outcomes General Information View a brief abstract of this project. View a complete, printer-friendly profile of this project. Evaluator(s) Bureau of Maternity Services and Family Planning, New York City Department of Health Investigator(s) Fabienne Laraque ( Bureau of Maternity Services and Family Planning, New York City Department of Health Domain Income Security/TANF Child/Family Status Completed with continuing analysis Duration May 1997 - Dec 1999 Type Policy Analysis Program/Policy Description The project goals are to understand the health care access, health-seeking behaviors, and health outcomes of immigrant women and their children. In order to monitor access to health care, we will conduct a survey with providers to determine policy changes made regarding serving immigrants, especially undocumented immigrants. To monitor health-seeking behaviors, we will conduct focus groups with immigrant women and analyze enrollment reports of entitlement programs. To monitor health outcomes, we will analyze vital records data. After data collection, we will produce recommendations for ameliorating any negative outcomes identified. Notes No notes reported.

44. The Forum | California: Welfare Reform's Impact On Legal Immigrants' Access To H Summary of California welfare reform s Impact on Legal Immigrants Access to health care. http://www.researchforum.org/project_general_135.html

National Overview Welfare Program Components Children Special Populations ... Research Database California: Welfare Reform's Impact on Legal Immigrants' Access to Health Care General Information View a brief abstract of this project. View a complete, printer-friendly profile of this project. Evaluator(s) Latino Issues Forum Investigator(s) Jose Hernandez ( Latino Issues Forum Domain Income Security/TANF Community/Neighborhood Status Completed (final report released) Duration Jul 1998 - Jan 1999 Type Policy Analysis Program/Policy Description The project is designed to assess the effects of welfare reform on legal immigrants' access to health care. With fiscal cutbacks and changes to the immigrant policy, California's immigrant population is not accessing entitled health benefits. Immigrant children and families are continuing to lack health insurance. Welfare reform in general is having serious ramifications on the California Health Agenda. Those coming off welfare and going into work are not being provided with adequate health coverage. Latino Issues Forum wishes to publish a series of briefs looking at welfare reform 2 years after TANF implementation and the status of the immigrant community. Notes No notes reported.

45. Welfare Reform Analysis of welfare reform legislation s impact on health care access;; Effect of welfare and immigration reform on immigrants access to Medicaid and health http://www.gwhealthpolicy.org/welfare_reform.htm

The Center was at the forefront of analyzing the impact of welfare reform on the health system generally and the Medicaid program, specifically. CHSRP's research projects have grown out of its early and groundbreaking analysis of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Specific research topics include: Analysis of welfare reform legislation's impact on health care access; Effect of welfare and immigration reform on immigrants access to Medicaid and health care services; Impact of welfare reform on Medi-Cal enrollment and policies to encourage enrollment; State compliance with Medicaid requirements in welfare reforms; and Stigma's impact on Medicaid enrollment. Related Publications Home Managed Care Contracting HIV/AIDS ... Privacy Policy

46. Welfare Reform Information government to the states, focusing primarily on health care, income security Information Network Serves as a clearinghouse for welfare reform information and http://www.mrsc.org/subjects/humanservices/welfare/welfare.aspx

document.write("") document.write("") document.write("") document.write("") document.write("") document.write("") document.write("") Links to Other Human Services Sites New MRSC Library Acquisitions Grants Administration Human Services Administration ... Sample Local Government Docs document.write("") Subjects Printer Friendly Updated 01/01 Welfare Reform On August 22, 1996, President Clinton signed into law the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 , Public Law 104-193, better known as the Welfare Reform Bill. This law changes how governmental financial assistance is administered including: changing federal funding to states from an open-ended entitlement to a series of capped block grant allocations; sets time limits on entitlements and cash assistance to welfare recipients; requires most welfare recipients to engage in job activities (this includes work experience, community service, job training, vocational education); changes the disability definitions for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for children who apply; mandates states to establish methods to enforce collection of unpaid parental child support; denies many legal immigrants from collecting SSI and food stamps; consolidates all child care programs into the Child Care and Development Block Grant, and changes foodstamp recertification requirements.

47. Wefare Reform Bibliography Perspectives on poverty issues and options in welfare reform, health care and homelessness / William H. McCarthy, editor. October 1986. http://www.mrsc.org/Subjects/HumanServices/welfare/welfrbib.aspx

48. NEJM -- Welfare Reform And The Obstetrical Care Of Immigrants And Their Newborns 2001). welfare reform and the Perinatal health and health care Use of Latino Women in California, New York City, and Texas. Am J http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/337/10/705

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Please sign in for full text and personal services Previous Volume 337:705-707 September 4, 1997 Number 10 Next Welfare Reform and the Obstetrical Care of Immigrants and Their Newborns Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings. Full Text Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager E-mail When Cited ... Chapters at Harrison's On August 22, 1996, President Bill Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. Although it does not affect the ability of low-income citizens to obtain Medicaid health coverage, the act does prohibit such coverage for some immigrants. Because illnesses in the perinatal period can affect two generations, the prohibitions may have unique consequences for pregnant women and their newborns, such as the denial of zidovudine treatment during pregnancy and of immunization during infancy. Before welfare reform, people who had immigrated into this country legally were generally eligible for Medicaid and other federal benefits. Undocumented immigrants were

49. The Brookings Institution health Insurance, welfare, and Work; Helping the Hardto-Employ; Sanctions and welfare reform; Child care and welfare reform; Job Retention and Advancement in http://www.brookings.edu/press/books/welfare_reform_and_beyond.htm

Brookings Bookstore News Releases Calendar of Events ... Contact Us Welfare Reform and Beyond The Future of the Safety Net Ron Haskins, Andrea Kane, Isabel V. Sawhill, and Kent R. Weaver, eds. Brookings Institution Press 2002 c. 214pp. Paper Text, 0-8157-0639-1, $18.95 Order by Mail, Fax, Or Phone! Read Sample Chapter DESCRIPTION This capstone collection gathers twenty brief essays (published between January 2001 and February 2002) that focus on assessing the record of welfare reform, specific issues likely to be debated before the TANF reauthorization, and a broader set of policy options for low-income families. It is a reader-friendly volume that will provide policymakers, the press, and the interested public with a comprehensive guide to the numerous issues that must be addressed as Congress considers the future of the nation’s antipoverty policies. The collection covers the following topics and features a new introduction from the editors: An Overview of Effects to Date Welfare Reform Reauthorization: An Overview of Problems and Issues A Tax Proposal for Working Families with Children Welfare Reform and Poverty Reducing Non-Marital Births Which Welfare Reforms are Best for Children?

50. Fairfax Welfare Reform Evaluation Study May 2000 Tech to conduct a longitudinal evaluation of Fairfax County s welfare reform program more frequently a problem than homelessness or lack of health care coverage http://www.nvgc.vt.edu/ippr/FXco35mo/executivesummary.html

Fairfax Welfare Reform Evaluation Study May 2000 Executive Summary In January 1997 the Fairfax County Department of Family Services contracted with Virginia Tech to conduct a longitudinal evaluation of Fairfax County's welfare reform program. The purpose of the study is to describe the experiences of clients after they leave TANF. This report describes findings from the third year of data collection activities. Reports of data collected during the first two years of the study were submitted in March 1998, May 1999 and December 1999. This report is the first of several reports for a new sample of former TANF clients. Methodology All VIEW mandatory cases closing between May 1 and September 30, 1999 were included in the sample. Former clients were contacted by telephone five months after their cases closed. Ninety-seven respondents participated in the 20-minute telephone survey. Major Findings Characteristics of former TANF clients Respondents were most often: Female (96 percent) 32 years of age on average African-American (62 percent) Not married (56 percent), and

51. Fall 2001 - Welfare Reform And Children and most difficult years was abruptly torn asunder upon welfare reform’s passage of 2001 gives states the option of providing federal health care to lawfully http://www.dghonline.org/nl8/welfare_reform.html

A Surgical Strike with Collateral Damage: Welfare Reform and Children in Immigrant Families Jennifer Kasper, MD, MPH The United States is undergoing an amazing demographic shift: one in five children in the United States is an immigrant or is US-born but lives in an immigrant family. This is the fastest growing segment of the child population. In 1996, welfare reform drastically altered the provision of public assistance (Medicaid, Food Stamps, welfare, and Supplemental Security Income), for legal immigrants of all ages in this country, a distinction based solely on their immigration status and date of entry into the US. This may have unintended repercussions for the health and well-being of children and, based on the articles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, is a violation of their human rights. legal Jennifer Kasper (far right), currently a fellow with Physicians for Human Rights, teaching health promoters during her 18-months as a volunteer in El Salvador. This apparent gap between nutritional need and received services among immigrant families needs to be addressed. Immigrants make a cumulative $25 billion contribution to the US economy annually. Ironically, their tax dollars support the very programs they are being denied. Parceling out public assistance based on the merit of citizenship is immoral and fails to recognize the role that immigrants play in our society. Children do not live in isolation; they are uniquely dependent upon the adults in their families and communities to ensure their optimal health, well-being, and development. Local, state and federal governments must be committed to eliminating the blights of poverty, hunger and inadequate access to medical care in all families by abolishing the stigma of immigration status.

52. Sound Partners - Newsletter 26 threeminute news features and four live, hour-long call-in programs, focused on the ways welfare reform was affecting people s access to health care. http://www.soundpartners.org/newsletter1978/newsletter_show.htm?doc_id=23007

53. Sound Partners - Issue Areas Twin Citites Initiative Interprets the Impact of welfare reform on Access to health care. Copyright © 2004 Benton Foundation an iapps® site. http://www.soundpartners.org/content2005/content_show.htm?doc_id=24154&attrib_id

54. Congressman Levin's Website - Issues s still a lot to be done to make sure they get child care, health insurance, and since 1996 and my efforts to take the next step in welfare reform — one that http://www.house.gov/levin/welfare.html

Hot Issues Economy Veterans Healthcare ... Privacy Building on Welfare Reform In 1996, Congress passed sweeping legislation which transformed our welfare system. Under the new law, work was the centerpiece of our welfare system and states had broad flexibility to implement innovative new strategies to encourage and support work. The 1996 debate was very contentious, and President Clinton twice vetoed legislation that did not strike a balance between asking more of families on assistance and providing them with the work supports they needed (things like child care, transportation, and healthcare) to enter the workplace. The final legislation dramatically increased federal funding for child care and guaranteed people who left welfare for work at least a year of health insurance. I voted for it and it passed by a strong bipartisan margin. The 1996 law authorized the TANF program for six years. This year Congress must act to reauthorize the 1996 law. And while we’ve taken a great first step by dramatically increasing the number of people who are working, there’s still a lot to be done to make sure they get child care, health insurance, and other supports, and to make sure they earn enough to leave welfare behind forever. The links on this page will lead you to more information about what has happened since 1996 and my efforts to take the next step in welfare reform — one that will help hard-working parents move up the economic ladder and out of poverty. I have introduced several bill to build on our success.

55. Galen Institute | Publications: State Health Issues Giving people the opportunity and incentives to improve their economic condition can work for health care as well as it did for welfare reform in the 1990s. http://www.galen.org/statehealth.asp?docID=160

56. Portland State News Release: Grant Received To Examine Effects Of Welfare Reform Grant Received to Examine Effects of welfare reform on health care Access. Contact Erin Malecha (malecha@pdx.edu). The year 2001 http://www.marketing.pdx.edu/newsreleases/newsrelease.phtml?id=201

57. Welfare Reform See for examples, The Church and Social welfare (LCA, 1968) and Towards See the Working Principles for health care reform (ELCA Division for Church in http://www.elca.org/dcs/welfare.html

Welfare Reform Working Principles for Welfare Reform These principles, based on ELCA related social statements, were affirmed on March 11, 1994 by the Board of the Division for Church in Society, as the current basis for ELCA public policy advocacy related to welfare reform and for the purpose of ongoing deliberation in the ELCA. The current public welfare system is in need of significant reform. The purpose of these working principles is to clarify the bases for ELCA public policy advocacy regarding legislative proposals for reforming the welfare system, especially the federal Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. Many of the principles are also applicable to welfare-related proposals at the state level. Poverty is the underlying problem welfare programs seek to alleviate. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (with its predecessor churches) has a long and extensive history of involvement in this area. The ELCA-affiliated net-work of social ministry organizations is financially the largest such on-profit network in the country. Many of these organizations have long histories of serving people in situations of poverty (presently serving over 300,000), including significant work in the area of refugee resettlement. The women's organization of the ELCA has taken initiatives to respond to people living in poverty in their communities through social service efforts (such as food programs and shelters), through pastoral care, and through advocacy and organizing efforts.

58. Center For Health Services Research And Policy - The George Washington Universit States Use welfare Waivers to Promote Immunizations, Well Child care Special Report Promoting Adolescent health Policy Recommendations for health care reform. http://www.gwu.edu/~chsrp/hpchn.html

H ealth P olicy hild H ealth is published quarterly by the Center for Health Policy Research at The George Washington University Medical Center. The Center conducts sponsored research and policy analysis on a wide range of health and related scientific issues. seeks to promote awareness of the implications of state and federal policies and programs for the health of mothers, infants, children and adolescents and to disseminate information on federal and state activities, laws, programs and other public initiatives likely to affect maternal and child health. The newsletter has been supported by grants from The David and Lucile Packard Foundation Center for the Future of Children, with additional support from the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. If you need the most recent Adobe Acrobat Reader, you can download one from this site. Archive Fall 1997 Volume 4 Number 4 Summer 1997 Volume 4 Number 3 Spring 1997 Volume 4 Number 2 Winter 1997 Volume 4 Number 1 Implementing Title XXI: States Face Choices Special Report: An Overview of the State Children's Health Insurance Program Special Issue: Child Health Insurance Congress Crafts Child Health Insurance Program Children's Health Insurance Provisions in the 1997 Budget Reconciliation Bills The EPSDT Program Revisited Special Issue: Children's Health Insurance: A Comparison of Major Federal Legislation Environmental Policy: Increasing Focus on Children's Health Special Report:

59. CURRENT RESEARCH FINDINGS REGARDING WELFARE REFORM AND RURAL POVERTY coverage and takeup of health insurance and affordable, flexible, quality child care,; Strengthen the family-based approach of welfare reform is insufficient http://www.jcpr.org/conferences/ruralbriefing.html

Rural Dimensions of Welfare Reform Conference , May 4-5, 2000 Congressional Research Briefing, June 21, 2000 Executive Summary Select Findings Slide Presentations and Resources Press Release ... Papers Presented Although America's antipoverty efforts were rooted in concerns about conditions in rural areas, virtually all current policy debates center on the urban poor. Yet, poverty rates are higher in rural areas, unemployment is greater, and there is less earnings growth than in urban labor markets. Two recent conferences hosted by JCPR highlight the effects of welfare reform in rural areas. Although urban and rural areas have seen similar declines in cash assistance caseloads, rural residents face different hurdles in making the transition from welfare to work. The rural economy offers fewer job opportunities and jobs are often less rewarding. The need to tailor the current "make work pay" policies becomes critical. "Many low-income people in rural areas live in small towns and work at low-skill, low-wage jobs in manufacturing and service industries," said Greg Duncan, JCPR deputy director. "Opportunities for work are more limited and less financially rewarding than in urban areas." Select findings and emerging policy issues follow below. An

60. NHeLP Publications And Analyses and Emergency Services after the welfare Law Full in the Illegal Immigration reform and Immigrant Ensuring Linguistic Access in health care Settings Legal http://www.healthlaw.org/publications.shtml

Home : Publications Home Page / Search About NHeLP Links Legal Research News Headlines Publications Health Advocate Advocacy Balanced Budget Act California Children's Health Consumer Resources Federal Advocacy Immigrant Health Managed Care Medicaid Medicare Public Accountability Racial/Cultural Issues Reproductive Health State and Regional Home : Publications Updated June 1, 2004 Publications Index New Publications Health Advocate Newsletter Manuals Medicaid EPSDT Managed Care California All Documents Balanced Budget Act Consumer Information EPSDT/Child Health Federal Advocacy ... Technology Key Documents on this website are in bold red type with desciption of link Links to off-site documents are in blue (other website in parentheses) How to Order Welcome to the NHeLP publications page. To order a publication, call our Los Angeles office at (310) 204-6010 New Publications To order, call (310) 204-6010 An Advocate's Guide to the Medicaid Program (2001 Edition) Click here to find out more The Guide to Medi-Cal Programs (Second Edition, March 2004) (PDF format, California Health Care Foundation, co-authored by NHeLP attorney Randy Boyle, March '04) Getting the Best Out of Managed Care Written for a general audience, these illustrated fact sheets are available in both English and Spanish. Please feel free to reproduce and distribute. Thanks to the Center for Health Care Strategies for funding this project.

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