21. Welfare Reform That Works: Explaining The Welfare Caseload Decline, 1996–2000 Cato Policy analysis No. 435, May 7, 2002. welfare reform That Works Explaining the welfare Caseload Decline, 1996–2000. by Michael J. New. http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-435es.html

@import "/styles/ns4_toxins.css"; Advanced Search Help Books Policy Studies ... Events Archive Click here to learn more about supporting the Cato Institute. Pocket Constitution Email Updates Cato Audio Cato Store ... El Cato Cato Policy Analysis No. 435 May 7, 2002 Welfare Reform That Works Explaining the Welfare Caseload Decline, by Michael J. New Michael J. New, a Ph.D. candidate at Stanford University, was a data analyst and research assistant at the Cato Institute in 2001. Executive Summary Perhaps the single biggest success of welfare reform has been the significant reduction in caseloads. Since passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996, the number of people receiving federal cash welfare payments has dropped by roughly 58 percent. Moreover, that reduction in caseload has been accomplished without causing undue hardship for former welfare recipients. Indeed, poverty rates, including the childhood poverty rate, have declined along with welfare caseloads. However, the reason for the caseload decline continues to be the subject of heated debate. Some observers suggest that the success in moving individuals off welfare has little to do with welfare reform itself but results from the economic boom of the late 1990s. Others suggest that state experimentation and policies, including sanctions and benefit levels, are the primary reason for declining rolls. Different states have pursued different policies and achieved different degrees of success in reducing welfare rolls. Previous academic studies have suggested that the variation in policies has a significant impact on the level of reduction in welfare receipt. This study builds on that previous work by conducting a regression analysis of caseload reduction between 1996 and 2000 on a state-by-state basis. The study looks at a number of factors, including economic growth, sanctions, and benefit levels, and concludes that economic growth had little impact on reducing welfare rolls. Instead, states with the strongest sanctions and lowest benefit levels had the most success in reducing their caseloads.

22. Analysis Impact Of Welfare Reform Administrator For The Ohio HighBeam Research, Free Preview 'analysis Impact of welfare reform' Full Membership required for unlimited access. Comprehensive archive of newspapers, magazines, trade journals, TV and Conan in Washington. The welfare reform Act, signed into law five years http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?docid=

23. Recent Welfare Reform Research Findings, 1/30/04 End Notes 1 This analysis does not provide a comprehensive review of all recent welfare reform research, but instead focuses on research that breaks new http://www.cbpp.org/1-30-04wel.htm

January 30, 2004 RECENT WELFARE REFORM RESEARCH FINDINGS Implications for TANF Reauthorization and State TANF Policies By Shawn Fremstad PDF of analysis View Related Reports More Topics... Back to Home Page - Publications by Subject - Press Room -Special Report Series About the Center - Board of Directors - Internship Programs - Job Opportunities - Staff Bios Join E-Mail List Donate to the Center If you cannot access the files through the links, right-click on the underlined text, click "Save Link As," download to your directory, and open the document in Adobe Acrobat Reader. This paper summarizes some of the key research findings from recent welfare reform research — primarily research released in the last year — and discusses the policy implications of these findings. Key findings from this new set of research include: Recent families that have left welfare are less likely to have jobs than prior TANF “leavers. Poverty rates among families that leave TANF are very high and remain high over time. Families that lose TANF cash assistance because of sanctions or time limits are more likely to experience hardship than families that leave for other reasons (such as getting a job). Many families receiving TANF include members who are disabled or have other serious health problems that have a negative impact on their employment and earnings ... Provisions in the 1996 welfare law that made many legal immigrants ineligible for various public benefits have led to increased hardship among immigrant families Current TANF proposals that are pending in Congress would do little to address most of these challenges. When the Senate takes up TANF reauthorization, it should take these recent research findings into account and ensure that states have the resources and flexibility to address these issues.

24. Other Policy Analysis reform The TANF Challenge 200203 Budget (2/01) TANF and the 2000-2001 Budget (3/99) Changes, Challenges, ChoicesAnalysis of Federal welfare reform (2/97 http://www.cppp.org/products/policyanalysis/

CPPP Policy Areas Welfare Reform Health Policy Food and Nutrition Children/Kids Count Program Access OTHER POLICY ANALYSIS CPPP staff are often asked to bring their expertise to bear on public policy issues for specific purposes. Legislators frequently solicit CPPP analysis of bills, while others ask staff to act as policy consultants on a variety of projects. The Center also occasional produces white paper series on topics of timely interest. You can find all of these here. Briefing Papers: General Texas Poverty 101: Updated for 2003 PDF) Reorganization HHS Report Proposes Call Centers for HHS Eligibility Determination School Finance How Much Does Texas Spend on Public Education The Best Way to Pay for Public Education Health Comments on Proposed DHS Rules Related to Medicaid Eligibility Cuts, Nursing Home Personal Needs Allowance Cut, and Changes to Children's Medicaid Simplification Impact of Medicaid Cuts in Your District and County Undocumented Immigrants and Health Benefits Budget Losing Ground: The Texas State Budget for 2004-05 (2/04) PDF How Bad is the Budget Shortfall?

25. NCPA - Brief Analysis #472, Welfare Reform: Finishing The Job welfare reform Finishing the Job. Brief analysis No. 472 Monday, April 12, 2004, http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba/ba472/

Policy Issues NCPA Publications Both Sides Commentaries ... Audio/Visual NATIONAL CENTER FOR POLICY ANALYSIS HOME DONATE ONE LEVEL UP ABOUT NCPA ... CONTACT US Welfare Reform: Finishing the Job Brief Analysis No. 472 Monday, April 12, 2004 Download this page in PDF format Get Adobe Acrobat Reader by Joe Barnett and Todd Gabel Successes So Far. With the goal of reducing welfare dependency, TANF introduced a number of significant reforms, including time limits on the receipt of benefits, work requirements and an array of financial incentives. The results have been positive: From 1996 to 2002, the number of families on welfare fell from 4.5 million to 2.1 million, and caseloads continue to remain at low levels despite the recent economic slowdown. Between 63 and 87 percent of those leaving welfare have found employment, with the average household income of welfare leavers reaching about 125 percent of the poverty level. Need: Fewer Exemptions from Work. Due to declining welfare caseloads, states were given credits that lowered the work participation requirements for those remaining on the rolls. In fact, Michael Tanner of the Cato Institute says that in 31 states caseload reduction credits decreased the actual number of recipients required to work to zero. Further, many states exempt a large portion of adult welfare recipients, including: parents of young children (47 states); individuals who lack adequate transportation or face other barriers to work (28 states); and parents who cannot find adequate child care (28 states).

26. NCPA - Brief Analysis 401, Welfare Reform: Reasons To Stay The Course NATIONAL CENTER FOR POLICY analysis HOME / DONATE / ONE LEVEL UP / ABOUT NCPA / CONTACT US welfare reform Reasons To Stay the Course. Brief analysis No. http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba/ba401/

Policy Issues NCPA Publications Both Sides Opinion Editorials ... Audio/Visual NATIONAL CENTER FOR POLICY ANALYSIS HOME DONATE ONE LEVEL UP ABOUT NCPA ... CONTACT US Welfare Reform: Reasons To Stay the Course Brief Analysis No. 401 Monday, June 24, 2002 Download this page in PDF format Get Adobe Acrobat Reader by Joe Barnett The number of Americans receiving cash welfare - called Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) - has fallen in half; the number of Americans living in poverty has fallen 21 percent; and the annual incomes of the poorest women have increased nearly $1,000. The 1996 federal welfare reforms are partly responsible for these positive trends. Concerns remain that some who have left the welfare rolls - mostly women with children - do not have "decent jobs" that will lift them out of poverty. However, the evidence shows that although some welfare leavers face the same hardships they experienced while receiving assistance, their living conditions improved, and even women with low wage jobs are making economic progress. Less Poverty.

27. NCSLnet: Personal Responsibility And Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act Of 1996 /i analysis of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of Comprehensive Medicaid reform was not included in the welfare reform bill http://www.ncsl.org/statefed/hr3734.htm

Home Contact Us Press Room Site Overview ... Register Search: Advanced Search About NCSL Services Overview ... State-Federal Relations var doctitle=document.title document.write(doctitle) Add to My NCSL /i> Analysis of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 Conference Agreement for H.R. 3734 Prepared by: The National Governors' Association The National Conference of State Legislatures The American Public Welfare Association For additional information contact: Susan Golonka, NGA (202) 624-5967, SGolonka@NGA.org Sheri Steisel, NCSL (202) 624-8693, Sheri.Steisel@NCSL.org Elaine Ryan, APWA (202) 682-0100, E_Ryan@APWA.org State-Federal Relations Page Contents I. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Block Grants II. Child Care III. Medicaid IV. Social Services Block Grant ... XI. Child Support Enforcement THE PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND WORK OPPORTUNITY RECONCILIATION ACT OF 1996 (Conference Agreement for HR 3437) The conference agreement for HR 3437, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 was passed by the House on July 31 (328 yeas-101 nays) and by the Senate on August 1 (78 yeas-21 nays). Prior to the House vote, the President announced his attention to sign the bill, thus "ending welfare as we know it." The bill is a comprehensive piece of legislation with far-reaching implications in a number of programs. The bill eliminates the open-ended federal entitlement program of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and creates a block grant for states to provide time-limited cash assistance for needy families. The comprehensive legislation also makes far-reaching changes to child care, the Food Stamp Program, Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for children, benefits for legal immigrants and the Child Support Enforcement program. Modifications to the child nutrition programs and a reduction in the Social Services Block Grant are also included. Unlike previous versions, however, current law is retained for child welfare and child protection programs. The legislation will save an estimated $54.5 billion over six years with the majority of savings due to changes in the Food Stamp Program and reduction in benefits for legal immigrants.

28. Welfare Policy Document, Reversing Direction on welfare reform President s Budget Cuts Child Care for More This analysis, jointly prepared by CLASP and the Center on Budget http://www.clasp.org/HOME_SECTION/Pubs_Welfare_Policy

Saturday June 12, 2004 Show Publications from: Publications From 2004 CLASP Audio Conference Transcript: The Fiscal Squeeze: What Does Tax Policy Have to Do With It? (April 2, 2004) Bob Greenstein from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities and John Corlett of the Center for Community Solutions in Cleveland discuss how tax policy drives social policy, explain how the feds and the states got into the current fiscal mess, and offer some solutions for navigating our way out of the current crisis. In addition, CLASP’s Mark Greenberg provides a Hill update on TANF reauthorization (as of April 2, 2004). (Publication No. 04-28). HTML Version CLASP Audio Conference Transcript: Welfare Reform in 2004: Where Are We? What’s Next? (March 5, 2004). Sheri Steisel from the National Conference of State Legislatures and CLASP’s Mark Greenberg discuss the current state of TANF reauthorization on Capitol Hill (as of March 5), as well as how state fiscal crises and policy uncertainty from Washington regarding welfare are affecting states. In addition, special guest Dave Hage, an editorial writer at the Minneapolis Star-Tribune , talks about his new book, Reforming Welfare by Rewarding Work: One State’s Successful Experiment . (Publication No. 04-27). HTML Version From Jobs to Careers: How California Community College Credentials Pay Off for Welfare Participants by Anita Mathur, with Judy Reichle, Julie Strawn, and Chuck Wiseley.

29. Analysis Welfare Reform Debate Mired In Politics - (United Press analysis welfare reform debate mired in politics By Christian Bourge UPI Congressional and Policy Correspondent. WASHINGTON, March http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20040330-020752-7149r.htm

30. LookSmart - Article Search For " Welfare Reform Analysis" FOR · Advanced Search · Help. You are Here Articles Search. Results for +welfare +reform +analysis from FindArticles (showing 1 10 of 928), About. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/PI/search.jhtml?isp=FA&cat=news&key=+Welfare

31. Issues The level of state spending on social welfare programs is determined out the similarities and differences between costbenefit analysis and tax reform. http://carbon.cudenver.edu/public/cwr/issues/budget.tax.html

32. O'Neill And O'Neill: Lessons For Welfare Reform: An Analysis Of The AFDC Caseloa Lessons for welfare reform. An analysis of the AFDC Caseload and Past welfareto-Work Programs. Dave M. O Neill and June Ellenoff O Neill http://www.upjohninst.org/publications/titles/lwr.html

Lessons for Welfare Reform An Analysis of the AFDC Caseload and Past Welfare-to-Work Programs Dave M. O'Neill and June Ellenoff O'Neill (The first chapter of this book is available in PDF format.) Welfare reforms enacted in 1996 are here. A 60-month lifetime limit for welfare benefits is in place, as is a work requirement after two years on the rolls. Furthermore, states have assumed greater autonomy over welfare spending and have become responsible for new programs to replace the now-defunct Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) for six decades the nation's principal cash assistance welfare program and its accompanying education, work and training programs. In Lessons for Welfare Reform , Dave M. O'Neill and June Ellenoff O'Neill have compiled and analyzed data that identifies historical trends in the AFDC caseload, the personal characteristics of recipients, and broad patterns of welfare participation. They also offer an evaluative survey on the effectiveness of past education, training and workfare programs in reducing the AFDC caseload. The result is a book that offers thoughtful new analyses on several crucial questions facing state policy makers as a result of welfare reform including: 1) How many recipients can be expected to reach the five-year limit imposed by the new legislation? 2) What are the personal characteristics and labor-market options of those who reach this limit? 3) How helpful are work/training programs in reducing welfare dependency? 4) How will current and potential recipients react to a reduction in the financial benefits available from welfare? and 5) Will teenage out-of-wedlock childbearing fall in unison with the incidence of welfare participation among young women?

33. The Forum | Kentucky Welfare Reform Evaluation: Administrative Data Analysis Kentucky welfare reform Evaluation Administrative Data analysis. http://www.researchforum.org/project_general_321.html

National Overview Welfare Program Components Children Special Populations ... Research Database Kentucky Welfare Reform Evaluation: Administrative Data Analysis General Information View a brief abstract of this project. View a complete, printer-friendly profile of this project. Evaluator(s) Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville Investigator(s) Gerard M. Barber ( University of Louisville, Kentucky Domain Income Security/TANF Status Completed with continuing analysis Duration Jul 2000 - Jun 2002 Type Research and/or Program Evaluation Program/Policy Description This project explores the performance of the Kentucky Transitional Assistance Program (K-TAP), the commonwealth's TANF program. The study reviews changes in client participation in K-TAP, use of other government and private supports, ways clients have met their work obligations through the Kentucky Works Program, and numbers and types of clients who are approaching the maximum of the five-year time limit. Notes No notes reported.

34. Kentucky Welfare Reform Evaluation: Administrative Data Analysis (Printer-Friend http//www.researchforum.org/project_general_321.html. Kentucky welfare reform Evaluation Administrative Data analysis. General Information. http://www.researchforum.org/project_printable_321.html

http://www.researchforum.org/project_general_321.html Kentucky Welfare Reform Evaluation: Administrative Data Analysis General Information View a brief abstract of this project. View a complete, printer-friendly profile of this project. Evaluator(s) Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville Investigator(s) Gerard M. Barber ( University of Louisville, Kentucky Domain Income Security/TANF Status Completed with continuing analysis Duration Jul 2000 - Jun 2002 Type Research and/or Program Evaluation Program/Policy Description This project explores the performance of the Kentucky Transitional Assistance Program (K-TAP), the commonwealth's TANF program. The study reviews changes in client participation in K-TAP, use of other government and private supports, ways clients have met their work obligations through the Kentucky Works Program, and numbers and types of clients who are approaching the maximum of the five-year time limit. Notes No notes reported.

35. O Keefe Library-Best Information On The Net - Welfare Reform American Public Human Services Associationalong with useful links to social work, it also includes an analysis of the welfare reform bill. http://library.sau.edu/bestinfo/Hot/welfare.htm

36. Bg1606es: Marriage And Welfare Reform: The Overwhelming Evidence That Marriage E programs to strengthen marriage as part of the reauthorization of welfare reform. One analysis integrating 85 studies involving nearly 4,000 couples enrolled http://www.heritage.org/Research/Welfare/bg1606es.cfm

site map help contact us The Heritage Foundation ... Welfare bg1606es: Marriage and Welfare Reform Policy Archive: view by date Policy Archive: view by issue ... Return Home Marriage and Welfare Reform: The Overwhelming Evidence that Marriage Education Works by Patrick F. Fagan, Robert W. Patterson, and Robert E. Rector Executive Summary #1606 Full Text The erosion of marriage has created enormous difficulties for children, parents, and society. Today, one child in three is born out of wedlock. Compared to children born within marriage, children born outside of marriage are overwhelmingly more likely to live in poverty, depend on welfare, and have behavior problems. They are also more likely to suffer depression and physical abuse, fail in school, abuse drugs, and end up in jail. In response to the overwhelming evidence concerning the harmful consequences of the decline of marriage, the 1996 welfare reform law set a national goal to increase and strengthen two-parent families. To help meet that goal, President George W. Bush wants to set aside $300 million per year for specific programs to strengthen marriage as part of the reauthorization of welfare reform. These programs would teach relationship skills to unmarried couples at the time of pregnancy, with the goal of helping couples develop healthy marriages. The programs would also provide marriage-skills training to low-income married couples to help those couples improve their relationships and avoid marital breakup. Record of Success.

37. The Heritage Foundation: Welfare The Continuing Good News About welfare reform by Robert Rector ensure that all ablebodied welfare recipients are 29, 2003 (Center for Data analysis Report 03 http://www.heritage.org/research/welfare/welfarebriefingroom.cfm

site map help contact us The Heritage Foundation ... Welfare The Heritage Foundation: Welfare Policy Archive: view by date Policy Archive: view by issue ... Events The 1996 welfare reform began necessary changes in the disastrous old welfare system, yet much more remains to be done. When Congress reauthorizes Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) this year, the debate will cover all facets of the issue: Welfare reform, marriage, poverty, abstinence, cost, hunger, housing, child care, and more. See Heritage's related research by subtopic. Welfare Watch Archive Welfare Watch is a regular e-mail update designed to inform the Senate's reauthorization of welfare reform Sub-Issues Abstinence Poverty and Inequality Child Care Marriage, Welfare and Poverty ... The Positive Effects of Marriage: A Book of Charts by Patrick Fagan, Robert E. Rector, Kirk A. Johnson, Ph.D., and America Peterson For children whose parents remain married, the benefits are real. Too many programs continue to undermine marriage among the poor and must be reevaluated. Facts about Abstinence Education by Robert E. Rector

38. Literacy Information And Communication System (LINCS) Policy And Legislation - W Governors. welfare Information Network. A clearinghouse for information, policy analysis and technical assistance on welfare reform. The http://www.nifl.gov/lincs/collections/policy/welfare.html

Search Literacy Information Skip Navigation Welfare Reform/Welfare-to-Work In 1996, President Clinton signed into law the The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-193) , a welfare reform plan that requires work in exchange for time-limited assistance. A new system of block grants to states for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) was created, changing the nature and provision of welfare benefits in America. Moving people from welfare into work is now one of the primary goals of federal welfare policy. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 , signed by President Clinton in 1997 helps to achieve that goal by authorizing the U. S. Department of Labor to provide $2 billion annually in Welfare-to-Work grants to states and local communities to create additional job opportunities for the hardest-to-employ recipients of TANF. Low basic skills are among the most common barriers to employment for TANF clients. Research has shown that recipients with work barriers are less likely to find jobs, have lower earnings on average, and are more likely to lose assistance because of a sanction for program noncompliance than families without barriers. The law that created TANF expires on September 30, 2002. Congress is currently considering legislation to reauthorize the program, which will set the nation's welfare policies for the next five years. Congress is also considering some modifications to the rules and funding of the TANF program, including the rules that apply to adult education and training opportunities.

39. For Welfare Reform To Work, Jobs Must Be Available By Heather Boushey And David 38.2. Source CEPR analysis of CPS Annual Demographic File, 19962001. Over the late 1990s, when welfare reform was first passed, these nine industries performed http://www.cepr.net/labor_markets/welfarejobshit-2004april01.htm

For Welfare Reform to Work, Jobs Must be Available By Heather Boushey and David Rosnick April 1, 2004 As Congress debates significant changes to the Personal Responsibility and Work Reconciliation Act , commonly known as welfare reform, they should take into account the hardships that higher unemployment has caused for low-income women and their families. Wanting to be off welfare is not enough; the labor market must provide employment opportunities. Although the recession was relatively brief, from March to November 2001, the labor market continued to shed jobs until late summer 2003. Since then, job growth has been paltry at best and the unemployment rate of less educated women and single female heads of households remains high. Former welfare recipients found jobs in a small number of industries, many of which saw higher job gains and stronger wage growth than the economy overall in the late 1990s. However, during the economic recession of 2001 and the recent recovery, these same industries have not performed as well. Over the recovery, of the eight private-sector industries with a high proportion of former welfare recipients, three have seen greater job losses than the private sector overall. Wage growth has been slower than the average for the private sector overall for workers in retail trade, food services and drinking places, temporary help, nursing and residential care, and child day care services. With jobs scare and wage growth slow to negative in the industries that former welfare recipients found employment in, increasing work hour requirements above the existing 30 hours would not create jobs, but make life harder for those already struggling to find a job. Mandating more work hours from the people hardest hit from the recession would not help to increase employment; rather, what welfare reform needs is robust job growth.

40. Approaches To Evaluating Welfare Reform: Lessons From Five State Demonstrations: respects. This report reviews their approaches, with particular emphasis on the analysis of the impacts of welfare reform. We review http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/isp/waivers/xswaiver.htm

Approaches to Evaluating Welfare Reform: Lessons from Five State Demonstrations Executive Summary Authors: Anne Gordon, Jonathan Jacobson, and Thomas Fraker of Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., October, 1996. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In recent years, most states have taken advantage of provisions in federal law that allowed them to obtain waivers from Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Food Stamp Program rules in order to implement welfare reformbetween 1993 and 1996, the Clinton administration approved waivers for 43 states. The federal waiver process required rigorous evaluations of all welfare reform demonstrations and provided matching funds for the evaluations. Federal welfare reform legislation, passed in August 1996, replaces the AFDC program with block grants to the states. As states design and implement their new programs, innovation will continue. The need for information on program impacts and the relative effectiveness of various approaches will remain strong. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) sought to pull together information on the approaches used in the evaluations of state welfare reforms undertaken as part of the waiver process. The goals were (1) to obtain an overview of common issues the evaluations have faced, approaches that have worked well, and approaches that have not; and (2) to provide general information on good evaluation practices that will be useful to states as they plan evaluations of their new programs. DHHS asked Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., (MPR) to undertake this review of evaluations.

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