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         Weather Monitoring In Space:     more detail
  1. Satellite Monitoring of the Earth's Surface and Atmosphere by Arnault, 1995-04-01

1. SpaceWeather.com -- News And Information About Meteor Showers, Solar Flares, Aur
space weather. Current. Conditions. Solar Wind. speed 461.7 km/s U.S. government bureau for realtime monitoring of solar and geophysical events, research in solar-terrestrial physics
http://www.spaceweather.com/
SPACE WEATHER
Current
Conditions
Solar Wind

speed: km/s
density: protons/cm
explanation
more data
Updated: Today at 2116 UT
X-ray Solar Flares

6-hr max: 1840 UT Jun12
24-hr: 1840 UT Jun12 explanation more data Updated: Today at 2115 UT Daily Sun 12 Jun '04 None of the spots on the sun today pose a threat for strong solar flares. Image credit: SOHO/MDI The Far Side of the Sun This holographic image reveals a possible sunspot group on the far side of the Sun. Image credit: SOHO/MDI Sunspot Number What is the sunspot number? Updated: 11 Jun 2004 Interplanetary Mag. Field B total nT B z nT south explanation more data Updated: Today at 2116 UT Coronal Holes The indicated coronal hole is probably too far south to send a solar wind stream toward Earth. Image credit: SOHO Extreme UV Imager SPACE WEATHER NOAA Forecasts Solar Flares Probabilities for a medium-sized ( M-class ) or a major ( X-class ) solar flare during the next 24/48 hours are tabulated below.

2. SSEC - Images And Data
space Science and Engineering Center Images and Data. of realtime and archive weather and satellite data galleries Antarctica / Polar, Field Experiments, Environment and weather over land and oceans. Fire monitoring satellite images
http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data
Image Usage Policy
Software

Research
Images and Data
Directory of images and data at SSEC
  • Real-Time Satellite Images
  • Real-Time Products
  • Other Data and Resources
    SSEC Data Center
    Provides access, maintenance and distribution of real-time and archive weather and satellite data.
    SSEC Galleries
    picture galleries: Antarctica / Polar, Field Experiments, Environment and Weather ...
    Real-Time Satellite Images
    Top of page
    Geostationary weather satellite images
    GOES (North and South America), Meteosat (Europe and Africa) , GMS (Asia and Australia)
    Geostationary Satellite Image Browser
    Web page interface for viewing GOES, GMS, and Meteosat satellite pictures and movies in multiple image channels and more
    GOES US Full Resolution Visible Image Browser
    Full resolution, real-time GOES East/West composite satellite image web page interface with zoom and animation features
    Polar orbiting weather satellite images
    Continental U.S. TERRA MODIS (MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) pictures and movies
    Satellite composite images
    including the SSEC Global Montage, Rotating Globe movie, and Antarctic composite
  • 3. Sec.noaa.gov/NOAAScales/
    Chinese Scientists Ensure weather monitoring for space ProgramsWednesday, March 28, 2001, updated at 1215(GMT+8). SciEdu, Chinese Scientists Ensure weather monitoring for space Programs. Chinese
    http://sec.noaa.gov/NOAAScales/

    4. Optical Monitoring Of Space Weather From Low Earth Orbit
    OPTICAL monitoring OF space weather FROM LOW EARTH ORBIT AN APPLICATION OF DISASTER . monitoring AND PREVENTION. Larry J. Paxton and Ching I. Meng.
    http://ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/ISSSR-95/opticalm.htm
    OPTICAL MONITORING OF SPACE WEATHER FROM LOW EARTH ORBIT: AN APPLICATION OF "DISASTER" MONITORING AND PREVENTION Larry J. Paxton and Ching I. Meng The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, Maryland, USA The monitoring system we describe is the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) which will fly on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Block 5D-3 spacecraft. SSUSI is a hyperspectral imager which images a 5000 km swath of the earth in the far ultraviolet (0.115 microns to 0.180 microns) in the cross-track direction as it travels around the Earth in a sun-synchronous near-polar orbit at 830 km altitude. SSUSI monitors the composition and structure of the upper atmosphere and the ionosphere, as well as the auroral energetic particle inputs. This data can be used to provide warnings and alerts to user community.

    5. African Skies 4 - Advances In Space Weather Monitoring: Implications For Life On
    Advances in space weather monitoring implications for life on earth. SO Ogunade. Department of Physics Obafemi Awolowo University
    http://www.saao.ac.za/~wgssa/as4/ogunade.html
    Advances in space weather monitoring:
    implications for life on earth
    S.O. Ogunade
    Department of Physics
    Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria sogunade@oauife.edu.ng Abstract . The planet Earth is unique in the solar system as the only planet supporting the existence of life. Space as the medium connecting the solar system has weather whose variations have tremendous consequences for life on Earth. In the early fifties only a few countries monitored space weather from ground-based observatories. Recently the study of the origin, propagation and impact of a space weather event was carried out by 20 spacecraft owned by 12 countries, and by 30 ground-based observatories. The advances in space weather monitoring and the resultant ability to predict and prepare for the violent perturbations to the near-Earth space environment are examined in the light of the disruption of life-supporting technological systems on Earth. Sommaire
    1. Introduction
    The 150 million kilometres of space between the Sun and the Earth's orbit, which the solar wind traverses in 30 hours, provides ample room to position several space weather stations for monitoring the solar wind. The stations should contribute data about the origin, development and propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which is the largest single information gap in space weather monitoring system. The level of disturbance in the geomagnetic field serves as a convenient proxy that characterizes the level of disturbance of the near-Earth space environment, namely, the magnetosphere and the ionosphere. Extraordinary levels of geomagnetic disturbances known as ``magnetic storms'' characterize sp-ace weather. Magnetic storms denote variations in the Earth's magnetic field intensity, which may be as large as the several percent of the undisturbed value measured at the Earth's surface. Particle, electromagnetic, and ionospheric disturbances resulting from solar storms, coronal mass ejections, fast solar wind streams and ionospheric instabilities pose several costly hazards.

    6. Space Weather Monitoring At 12 GHz
    space weather monitoring at 12 GHz. Project Team Urpo, Puhakka, Oinaskallio A new radio telescope system with an 1.8 meter diameter dish was constructed.
    http://kurp-www.hut.fi/publications/annual/00/node34.html
    Next: HRDL for Alpha Magnetic Up: Solar Research Previous: Solar Polar Features at Contents

    Space Weather Monitoring at 12 GHz
    Project Team: Urpo , Puhakka, Oinaskallio A new radio telescope system with an 1.8 meter diameter dish was constructed. It is used to continuous monitoring of solar radiation at 12 GHz. The beamwidth of the telescope is so wide that whole solar disk is covered. All solar radio events starting from intensities of a few Solar Flux Units will be detected. Experimental operation started in August 2000 and continued to the end of the year. About 30 strong events were measured in addition to numerous small events.
    Ari Mujunen 2001-07-30

    7. Weather & Global Monitoring
    weather Global monitoring. Oregon State University Atmospheric Science weather Information; Centre for Terrestrial, Solar and space Services space Telescope
    http://www.csu.edu.au/weather/
    Current weather satellite images, including:

    8. NASA Satellite Temperature Measurements Fuel Global Warming Debate
    Thermometers" in space monitoring The Accuracy of Satellite Data. Today from space Near RealTime Data and Imagery of the Earth's Atmosphere. Studies of Climate and weather
    http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/essd06oct97_1.htm
    Accurate "Thermometers" in Space
    The State of Climate Measurement Science
    October 2, 1997 J ust how accurate are space-based measurements of the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere? In a recent edition of Nature , scientists Dr. John Christy of the University of Alabama in Huntsville, and Dr. Roy Spencer of NASA/Marshall describe in detail just how reliable these measurements are. Why is it important? T he question is very important, as these temperature measurements from satellites in space are one of our most important windows into measuring and understanding the phenomenon of Global Warming. O ver the past century, global measurements of the temperature at the Earth's surface have indicated a warming trend of between 0.3 and 0.6 degrees C. But many especially the early computer-based global climate models (GCM's) predict that the rate should be even higher if it is due to the man-made "Greenhouse Effect". Furthermore, these computer models also predict that the Earth's lower atmosphere should behave in lock-step with the surface, but with temperature increases that are even more pronounced. ( Get the latest on the Earth's Temperature from Space by clicking on the diagram!!

    9. ENSCO, Inc.: Space Launch Ranges, Meteorological Monitoring Systems
    ENSCO provides comprehensive tools for monitoring weather conditions and predicting toxic hazards. Developed for the Kennedy space Center (KSC), our systems
    http://www.ensco.com/products/space/mms/mms_ovr.htm
    Space Launch Ranges Meteorological Monitoring Systems Overview Contact Information document.write(images[rand(images.legnth)]) Overview ENSCO provides comprehensive tools for monitoring weather conditions and predicting toxic hazards.
    Developed for the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), our systems are used by KSC to enhance the process to measure the safety of hundreds of workers performing weather sensitive operations around KSC launch pads. ENSCO's systems combine the knowledge of air quality and weather sensitive activities with real-time data from any air quality or meteorological sensor such as local or regional air quality data sensor networks, lightning sensors, weather radar, or commercial weather data services.
    The Meteorological and Range Safety Support (MARSS) System The Meteorological and Range Safety Support (MARSS) system is the basic platform and tool for our meteorological monitoring and toxic hazard prediction systems. This tool provides basic data acquisition and display of data collected from weather towers, upper-air sensors, surface observations, and global meteorological products. The data is also used by the weather monitoring module and the toxic hazard prediction module.

    10. NASA Plans An Orbiting Radar To Forecast Space Weather
    NASA Science News An orbiting radar, scheduled for launch in 2000, will help predict space weather space physicists are optimistic that with better monitoring of the nearEarth environment they
    http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast29oct98_1.htm
    Space Science News home
    The Weatherman in Space
    NASA plans an orbiting radar to forecast space weather
    October 29, 1998 O ver the past few years, TV audiences have become accustomed to weathermen showing them radar pictures of storms marching across the viewing area. In a little more than a year, space scientists hope they'll be able to do the same as space storms hit the Earth's magnetosphere. IMAGE - the Imager for Magnetosphere-to-Aurora Global Exploration spacecraft - scheduled for launch in 2000, will carry several instruments to paint pictures of the heretofore invisible regions of the inner magnetosphere. Space "storms," seen on the ground as aurorae, or the northern and southern lights, can disrupt satellite communications, power grids, and even telephone conversations. The storms' source is in the magnetosphere - a vast and complex region encompassing Earth - where the solar wind interacts with Earth's magnetic field. A region of inner magnetosphere, the plasmasphere, consists of relatively dense ionized gas which rotates with the Earth. See and hear what solar storms can do to us on Earth ! Video produced by the American Institute of Physics "Inside Science."

    11. Weather & Global Monitoring
    weather   Global monitoring. Current weather satellite images, including Solar and space Services. space Telescope Electronic Information Service. Hubble space Telescope's
    http://www.csu.edu.au/weather.html
    Current weather satellite images, including:

    12. Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera Image Gallery
    MOC is operated daily at Malin space Science Systems (MSSS). and red and blue wide angle cameras that provide daily global weather monitoring, context images
    http://www.msss.com/moc_gallery/
    Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera Image Gallery
    Contains more than 150,000 Images!
    Welcome to the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) Image Gallery! This site contains all of the pictures of Mars acquired by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) orbiter through September 2003. MOC is operated daily at Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS). MOC consists of three cameras: A narrow angle system that provides grayscale high resolution views of the planet's surface (typically, 1.5 to 12 meters/pixel), and red and blue wide angle cameras that provide daily global weather monitoring, context images to determine where the narrow angle views were actually acquired, and regional coverage to monitor variable surface features such as polar frost and wind streaks. Most of the high resolution images are obtained by careful planning and inspection of predicted MGS orbits by Mars scientists working at and/or visiting MSSS. The company is also responsible for archiving the data once they are received on Earth. To view MOC images, select one of the three categories below, and begin browsing!
    Narrow Angle Example
    MOC Narrow Angle Images
    High Resolution Images and their Context
    AB1 through M04

    September 1997 - August 1999
    M07 through M12
    September 1999 - February 2000
    ...
    March 2003 - September 2003

    Wide Angle Regional Example
    MOC Wide Angle Images
    Regional Views and Context Images
    AB1 through M04

    September 1997 - August 1999
    M07 through M12
    September 1999 - February 2000
    ...
    March 2003 - September 2003

    Wide Angle Global Map Example

    13. STD Aurora Monitor Software Homepage
    Advanced Auroral Activity and space weather monitoring Software. *NEW* Software SWIM The World s Most Advanced space weather Software
    http://www.spacew.com/aurora/
    Advanced Auroral Activity and Space Weather Monitoring Software
    *NEW* Software: SWIM - The World's Most Advanced Space Weather Software System
    Monitor your local weather (cloud) conditions and solar activity as well !
    All in real-time !
    of the old Version 2.0 STD Aurora Monitor Software

    Download the Trial Version

    Now Available on CD-ROM

    ORDER FORM for the STD Aurora Monitor
    ... Reseller Information
    Version 3.0 List of Features:
    • Interface and Support for an extensive and elaborate Solar and Space Weather Digital SMS Service, so you can stay informed of conditions while away from your computer using your digital SMS capable cell phone or pager. Select from over 22 different types of SMS services ranging from notification of x-ray solar flare activity to newly reported auroral activity sightings - all available in real-time. Remote control of your SMS service is also possible while you are in the field!
    • Over 25 new types of internet resources are now tracked and maintained, bringing the total number of tracked internet resources to over 88.
    • New POLAR spacecraft PIXIE image support of auroral x-ray activity.

    14. Science & Technology At Scientific American.com: The Way To Go In Space -- To Go
    Science and Technology at Scientific American.com The Way to Go in space Science and Technology from Scientific American daily science news and technology news, science trivia, science revenues in space for the weather satellites to hightech platforms monitoring global change. The pressing demand for launches has even prompted Boeings commercial space
    http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0005E0F4-8A82-1CD6-B4A8809EC588EEDF&a

    15. STD Digital SMS Solar & Space Weather Services Homepage
    Our digital SMS Service is the most comprehensive solar and space weather monitoring service available, with over 23 types of information that can be monitored
    http://www.spacew.com/sms/
    At Home, in the Office, or in the Field.
    Digital SMS Services keep you informed.
    This service is currently free of charge to those who have purchased our software.
    Users of our trial software have a 30-day free trial of the SMS service.

    Requirements
    • A digital SMS-capable cell phone or pager ( OR just a simple e-mail address to receive the data if you don't have an SMS-capable cell phone or pager) with its own Internet e-mail address. If you can send e-mail to your cell phone or pager, you can use this service.
    • STD Aurora Monitor if running Windows 95, 98, or Me.
    • STD SWIM if running Windows NT4.0, Windows 2000, or Windows XP.
    Our digital SMS Service is the most comprehensive solar and space weather monitoring service available, with over 23 types of information that can be monitored in real-time and distributed to you via SMS.
    Available services range from the real-time notification of the occurrence of solar flare activity to the receipt of new observations of auroral activity (northern lights) from the global auroral activity observation network. Specific types of space environment parameters can also be monitored in real-time, such as the interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind velocities, solar wind densities, solar wind temperatures, energetic proton populations, the detection of the arrival of interplanetary shock waves, energetic electron populations, estimated polar cap potentials, and much more.
    You have complete control over what you receive. You set the thresholds that determine when SMS messages are delivered to you. You can even set up your services so that SMS material is only delivered to you during specific times of the day or night. And you can remotely control the SMS server while in the field by sending e-mail messages to the server.

    16. Monitoring Earth's Water Cycle From Space To Improve Weather Forecasting / March
    monitoring Earth s Water Cycle From space To Improve weather Forecasting Tom Jackson, a hydrologist with the Agricultural Research Service s Hydrology and
    http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2004/040301.htm
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    The NASA aircraft in flight over the Alabama study region. Click the image for more information about it. Read the magazine story to find out more.
    Monitoring Earth's Water Cycle From Space To Improve Weather Forecasting
    By Don Comis
    March 1, 2004 Tom Jackson, a hydrologist with the Agricultural Research Service's Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory in Beltsville, Md., is the lead scientist for validation of the data to be collected by Hydros, a new satellite being developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ). By 2010, Hydros should be orbiting the Earth daily and providing an unprecedented monitoring of the planet's water cycle. Data from Hydros will feed into weather and climate models that currently predict soil moisture for daily forecasts based on precipitation and other, indirect measurements. In the future, these models will have real-time, direct measurements of soil moisture from satellite sensors. Soil moisture is among the top terrestrial environment measurements needed by the U.S. Departments of

    17. EMPIRICAL MODEL USAGE IN IONOSPHERIC WEATHER MONITORING
    be used for near realtime interpretation of Doppler spectra observations and could be used for ionospheric weather monitoring over a space Res., 11, 23, 1991.
    http://www.ips.gov.au/IPSHosted/INAG/uag-104/text/zaalov.html
    Back to INAG Homepage Back to UAG-104 Contents page EMPIRICAL MODEL USAGE IN IONOSPHERIC WEATHER MONITORING Alexander Eliseyev, Nikolay Zaalov Radiophysics Division, Research Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 198904 Petrodvoretz, RUSSIA Antenna Besprozvannaya Abstract An empirical model is proposed for the interpretation of experimental ionospheric data. The model represents the major large-scale characteristics of the sub auroral and auroral F2 layer as well as the temporal variations during the transition from quiet to disturbed conditions. The model is in FORTRAN code and the correction of predicted foF2 values is possible using satellite and vertical sounding data. Introduction A global network of ionospheric observatories provides the possibility of determining ionospheric "weather" at a given time. Ionospheric modelling is used for ionospheric forecasting and for the calculation of ionospheric parameters along a radio path. The data from ionospheric observatories as well as in-situ satellite measurements can be used for the correction of the model parameters. In this paper, an empirical model is proposed for ionospheric weather monitoring. The first part of the paper gives the outline of the model. In the second the results of calculations for quiet and disturbed conditions are presented and briefly discussed, and finally an example of a comparison with experimental HF doppler sounding data is presented. The Main Principles of the Model The idea of plasma tubes connecting the ionosphere with the conjugate region is proposed as the basis for computation of the level of noon ionisation. The latitude variations of foF2 are approximated by a product of two functions. One is determined by the solar zenith angle and the other by magnetic field geometry (for the model under consideration the inclined dipole approximation is suitable).

    18. Fire Hunting: New Software Helps Satellites Pinpoint Fires Earlier
    is a basic element of US weather monitoring and forecast and reliable stream of environmental information for weather forecasting and Related space.com STORIES.
    http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/noaa_firewatch_020626-1.html
    SEARCH:
    advertisement
    New Software Helps Satellites Pinpoint Fires Earlier
    By Erik Baard

    Special to SPACE.com
    posted: 07:00 am ET
    26 June 2002
    While firefighters from as far away as Alaska are being called in to help fight the fires now consuming the United States' southwest, some of the most crucial assistance remains 23,000 miles away, in orbit. Satellite photos and data are important in assisting teams on the ground predict, spot, and observe fire outbreaks. That role, however, is now even bigger thanks to a new software program that turns around fire assessments more quickly and accurately. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developed the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) systems over several years. The most recent addition to the program is the Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WFABBA) created by NOAA at the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center in Madison, Wis. TECH WEDNESDAY Visit SPACE.com to explore a new technology feature each Wednesday.

    19. Monitoring Earth's Water Cycle From Space To Improve Weather Forecasting
    that could be shipped into space closed and dishes on successive generations of weather satellites. hopes the Hydros soil moisturemonitoring mission would
    http://www.thesoydailyclub.com/Farm&Market/ARSHydrology03022004.asp
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    How Wet's Our Planet?
    Scientists want to be able to measure
    soil moisture everywhere, every day!
    Hydrologist Tom Jackson and
    several of the Alabama SMEX03 (Soil Moisture Experiment 2003) ground crew collect an array of ground observations at a permanent NRCS Soil Climate Analysis Network site. March 1, 2004 - ARS News - Tom Jackson has his eye on 2010. That's when the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will use the Hydros satellite, scheduled for launch that year, exclusively to monitor daily soil moisture change around the globe—for the first time in history. Daily soil moisture monitoring of Earth from space has long been the goal of hydrologist Jackson and his colleagues in the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and many other agencies. They're working closely with NASA to verify soil moisture data from several of its satellites in hopes that this information will one day feed into the models on which today's daily weather forecasts are already based.

    20. FMI - FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Northern Lights
    The latter predictions are based on a spaceweather monitoring system either by ground-based devices or satellites watching the space-weather conditions around
    http://www.fmi.fi/faq/index_5.html

    FAQ
    Organization
    FAQ

    Lightning and thunderstorm
    ...
    Contact us

    Northern lights
    Is it possible to predict the occurrence of Northern lights?
    How easy is it to predict Northern Lights? Where Northern Lights mostly occur? What is the benefit and harm of Northern Lights? Is it possible to predict the occurrence of Northern lights?
    There is two kind of Northern lights prediction: statistical and real-time ones. The former are based on a large amount of observations of Northern lights at different latitudes during several years. From these statistics we can say what is the probability of the occurrence of Northern lights during the course of year. According to the statistics compiled by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, four nights out of five are illuminated by Northern lights in Northern Lapland (Kilpisjärvi-Utsjoki area) providing that the sky is free enough from clouds. On the coast of the Arctic Ocean in North Norway (e.g. in Tromsö) one can see Northern lights almost every night. Even in South Finland, say Helsinki, one can see them but much more seldom; in Helsinki only one night out of 20.
    The latter predictions are based on a space-weather monitoring system either by ground-based devices or satellites watching the space-weather conditions around the Earth. When the monitoring devices (e.g., magnetometers or particle detectors in a satellite) show certain deviations from the normal situation, one can expect that a space weather storm is approaching in a few hours.

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