41. National Geographic News: Gaboon Viper If you re talking fang size, the Gaboon viper is the bestendowed snake on the planet—with fangs that can reach up to 2 inches (5.08 centimeters) in length! http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/01/photogalleries/snakes/

National Geographic News: Snake Wranglers 1 of 10 Gaboon Viper Which snake has the longest fangs? Death Adder Duet Premieres Wednesday, January 8, 2003 at 8 p.m. ET/PT on the National Geographic Channel More From National Geographic Give National Geographic, Get a FREE Gift! More from National Geographic News >> Online Store Find photography products in our online store. Subscribe Online Your subscriptions help support National Geographic conservation efforts worldwide. window.epulse_content_group="cg1=News,cg2=News";

42. PERIODICAL INDEX - ELAPIDAE AND VIPERIDAE SNAKES One Genus or Many? RH, 311, Scott Pearson. Atropoides nummifer mexicanum, Mexican Jumping viper, Venomous snakes of Costa Rica, R, 25, Jonathan D Klarsfeld. http://www.nafcon.dircon.co.uk/index_mag_venomous.html

Last updated 14 May 2004: sorted entries by species name and improved navigation. Periodical Index - Snakes of the Elapidae and Viperidae families A guide to Elapidae and Viperidae snake articles appearing in herpetogical periodicals over the past few years Key IR = International Reptilian European magazine, published in UK It may alternatively be known as the Reptilian , but we have kept the IR abbreviation to distinguish it from Reptilia and Reptiles R = Reptilia European magazine, published in Spain PR = Pet Reptile European magazine, published in UK. Slightly more "entry level" but contains some good articles RH = Reptile Hobbyist US magazine published by TFH Now sadly defunct, although back copies may be available at herp exhibitions, etc V = Vivarium Magazine associated with Advanced Herpetological Library and Philippe de Vosjoli Species Magazine Issue Author Acanthophis spp, Death Adders 5 New Species Discovered IR Raymond Hoser Acanthophis antarcticus , Death Adder Snakes of the Olympic City Sydney, Part III IR Raymond Hoser Adenorhinos barbouri , Barbour's Viper The Bush Vipers: Gorgeous Problem Snakes RH Scott Pearson Agkistrodon , New World Pit Vipers RH Ray Hunziker Agkistrodon bilineatus , Cantil Venomous Snakes of Costa Rica R Jonathan D Klarsfeld Atheris sp Bush Vipers ~: Gorgeous Problem Snakes RH Scott Pearson ~s V Bill Love Atheris ceratophorus Horned Bush Viper The Bush Vipers: Gorgeous Problem Snakes RH Scott Pearson Atheris desaixi Mount Kenya Bush Viper The Bush Vipers: Gorgeous Problem Snakes RH Scott Pearson

43. Venomous Snakes: The Viperidae notorious, venomous snakes, but most people will be acquainted with the rattlesnakes, and some with the bushmaster, ferde-lance, puff adder, Gaboon viper and http://www.nafcon.dircon.co.uk/venomous4.htm

Added April 12 2003. The Viperidae The Family Viperidae contains fewer well-known, or notorious, venomous snakes, but most people will be acquainted with the rattlesnakes, and some with the bushmaster, fer-de-lance, puff adder, Gaboon viper and temple and bush vipers. The vipers differ from the Elapidae in that their front venom fangs are folded back when not in use. Many viperid snakes have the distinctive "club-shaped" head, some with scales projecting over the eyes that give them a scowling appearance. Despite the common name "viper", no representatives of this family are found in Australia. Traditionally viperid venom is usually haemotoxic. Family Viperidae Genus Common Name Distribution Size Notes Subfamily Azemiopinae Aziemops Fea's Viper China, Burma, Vietnam and Tibet 1 species, A. feae : found in mountains: oviparous: has 9 headshields and smooth scales. Subfamily Viperinae Adenorhinos Short-Headed Viper Tanzania 1 species, formerly part of Atheris . DANGEROUS Atheris Bush Vipers C Africa 8-12 species, all arboreal and usually associated with hill forest. Not always fatal but should still be considered DANGEROUS

44. SurvivalIQ Handbook: Survival Skills - Poisonous Snakes And Lizards Usually uniformly very pallid, with three rows of darker brown spots. Poisonous snakes and lizards. Top Page....... Sand viper. Sand viper Cerastes vipera http://www.survivaliq.com/survival/poisonous-snakes-and-lizards-sand-viper.htm

Home Survival Skills Land Navigation Survival Fitness Contents 1. Introduction 2. Psychology of survival 3. Survival planning and survival kits 4. Basic survival medicine ... D. Dangerous insects and arachnids E. Poisonous snakes and lizards F. Dangerous fish and mollusks G. Clouds: foretellers of weather H. Contingency plan of action format Sand viper Sand viper Cerastes vipera Description: Usually uniformly very pallid, with three rows of darker brown spots Characteristics: A very small desert dweller that can bury itself in the sand during the day's heat. It is nocturnal, coming out at night to feed on lizards and small desert rodents. It has a short temper and will strike several times. Its venom is hemotoxic. Habitat: Restricted to desert areas. Length: Average 45 centimeters, maximum 60 centimeters. Distribution: Northern Sahara, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Nigeria, Chad, Somalia, and central Africa. For information on a specific poisonous snake or lizard, click on one of the links below: Snake Families: Colubridae Crotalidae Elapidae Viperidae POISONOUS SNAKES OF THE AMERICAS: American copperhead Bushmaster Coral snake Cottonmouth ... Western diamondback rattlesnake POISONOUS SNAKES OF EUROPE: Common adder Long-nosed adder Pallas' viper Ursini's viper POISONOUS SNAKES OF AFRICA AND ASIA: Boomslang Bush viper Common cobra Egyptian cobra ... Wagler's pit viper or temple viper POISONOUS SNAKES OF AUSTRALASIA: Australian copperhead Death adder Taipan Tiger snake POISONOUS SEA SNAKES: Banded sea snake Yellow-bellied sea snake POISONOUS LIZARDS:

45. SurvivalIQ Handbook: Survival Skills - Poisonous Snakes And Lizards body. Characteristics Arboreal snake that seldom comes to the ground....... Eyelash pit viper. Eyelash pit viper Bothrops schlegeli http://www.survivaliq.com/survival/poisonous-snakes-and-lizards-eyelash-pit-vipe

Home Survival Skills Land Navigation Survival Fitness Contents 1. Introduction 2. Psychology of survival 3. Survival planning and survival kits 4. Basic survival medicine ... D. Dangerous insects and arachnids E. Poisonous snakes and lizards F. Dangerous fish and mollusks G. Clouds: foretellers of weather H. Contingency plan of action format Eyelash pit viper Eyelash pit viper Bothrops schlegeli Description: Identified by several spiny scales over each eye. Color is highly variable, from bright yellow over its entire body to reddish-yellow spots throughout the body. Characteristics: Arboreal snake that seldom comes to the ground. It feels more secure in low-hanging trees where it looks for tree frogs and birds. It is a dangerous species because most of its bites occur on the upper extremities. It has an irritable disposition. It will strike with little provocation. Its venom is hemotoxic, causing severe tissue damage. Deaths have occurred from the bites of these snakes. Habitat: Tree-loving species found in rain forests; common on plantations and in palm trees. Length: Average 45 centimeters, maximum 75 centimeters.

46. HealthCentral - General Encyclopedia - Snake Bite Causes Poisonous snake bites include bites by any of the following pit viper snakes rattlesnake; copperhead; water moccasin; cottonmouth; coral snake. http://www.healthcentral.com/mhc/top/000031.cfm

WELCOME! Receive Free Newsletters Join a Community SEARCH FOR: CONSUMER HEALTH INFORMATION TOPIC CENTERS Choose a topic Acne Alcohol Allergies Alternative Medicine Alzheimer's Anemia Arthritis Asthma Baby and Toddler Health Back Care Bipolar Disorder Birth Control Bodywork and Mind/Body Bowel Breast Cancer Cancer Overview Caregiving Chemotherapy Children's Health Cholesterol Circumcision Colds and Flus Colon Cancer Cosmetic Surgery Crohn's Disease Dental Depression Diabetes Diet Drugs Digestion Disabilities Drugs and Medications Eating Disorders Eczema Erectile Dysfunction Eye and Vision Fitness Foot Care GERD/Heartburn Hair Loss Hearing Heart and Circulation Hepatitis Herbs Herpes High Blood Pressure HIV and AIDS Home Remedies Hyperactivity and ADD Immunizations/Vaccines Impotence Incontinence/Bladder Infertility Leukemia Lung Cancer Medical Breakthroughs Medical Expenses Medical Marijuana Men's Health Menopause Mental Health Migraines and Headaches Multiple Sclerosis Nutraceuticals Nutrition and Healthy Eating Osteoporosis Pain Management Parenting Parkinson's Pregnancy and Childbirth Prostate Cancer Prostate Disorders Psoriasis Rheumatoid Arthritis Safety and First Aid Schizophrenia Senior Health Sex and Relationships Sexual Health Skin and Hair Sleep Disorders Smoking Stress Reduction Stroke Substance Abuse and Addiction Teen Health Thyroid Disorders Travel Health Vitamins and Supplements Weight Loss Women's Health Women's Reproductive Cancers Yeast Infection Yoga Search Tips Advertisement Advertisement Main Consumer Health Information Home News Dr. Dean Edell

47. Names Of Venemous Snakes Agkistrodon acutus Agkistrodon halys Agkistrodon hypnale Agkistrodon rhodostoma, Hundredpace snake Mamushi (Japan Korea) Hump-nosed viper Malayan pit viper. http://www-surgery.ucsd.edu/ent/DAVIDSON/Snake/2NAMES.htm

VENOMOUS SNAKES: Alphabetical listing by scientific names (Adapted from: Snake Venom Poisoning , pages 15-20, by Dr. Findlay E. Russell. New York: Scholium International, Inc., 1983) Vipers Adders (see also Asps and Vipers) Atractaspis bibronii Atractaspis congica Bitis arietans Bitis atropos Bitis caudalis Bitis cornuta Bitis gabonica Bitis inornata Bitis peringuey Causus depfilppi Causus lichtensteinii Causus rhombeatus Vipera berus Vipera kaznakovi Vipera lebetina Vipera superciliaris Vipera ursinii Bribron's burrowing adder Congo burrowing adder Puff adder Berg adder Horned puff adder Horned adder Gaboon adder Cape puff adder Peringuey's adder Snouted night adder Lichtenstein night adder Common night adder European or cross adder Caucasus adder Desert adder African lowland adder Meadow adder Asps (see also Adders and Vipers) Cerastes vipera Vipera aspis Cleopatra's asp European asp Vipers (see also Adders and Asps) Atheris species Atractaspis species Bitis gabonica Bitis naricornis Bothrops nasutus Bothrops nummifer Bothrops schlegelii Cerastes cerastes Cerastes vipera Echis carinatus Echis coloratus Pseudocerastes persicus Vipera ammodytes Vipera aspis Vipera berus Vipera latasti Vipera lebetina Vipera russelli Vipera ursinii Vipera xanthina Vipera xanthina palaestinae Vipera xanthina xanthina African bush vipers Mole vipers Gaboon viper Rhinoceros viper Hognose viper Jumping viper Eyelash viper Horned viper Sahara sand viper Saw-scaled viper Saw-scaled/Arabian viper Palestine/Persian horned viper Long-nosed viper Asp viper European viper Lataste's/snub-nosed viper

48. Top Ten Most Deadly Snakes - Reptile Gardens® rattlesnakes above. In Asia the common Cobra and the Russell s viper are the snakes that kill the most people. Although the Asian http://www.reptile-gardens.com/reptile/topten.html

The Deadliest Snakes in The World Return to Main Reptile Page Return to Reptile Gardens Home Page The following is a list of what are currently considered the most toxic snake venoms. It is important to keep in mind that regarding venoms, the most deadly snake, and the most dangerous snake are two entirely different concepts. Some of the snakes with the most toxic venom, i.e., the most deadly rarely bite people. In fact, the sea snakes are generally quite docile. The title of most dangerous snake, i.e., the one that kills the most people, would go to different animals than those listed below. In the United States the coral snake has a very toxic venom but has killed few people because it is small, secretive and gentle. The most dangerous are the rattlesnakes like the Eastern and Western Diamondbacks. These rattlesnakes are large, have large venom glands, are relatively common, and are more likely to hold their ground and bite. In Africa common Egyptian Cobras, Saw-scaled Vipers, and Puff Adders would be the most dangerous for the same reasons listed for the rattlesnakes above. In Asia the common Cobra and the Russell's Viper are the snakes that kill the most people.

49. Viper - (Reptile & Amphibian): Expositions The pit helps them sense heat to locate prey. Both of Wisconsin s poisonous snakes belong to the pit viper family. ~live in southwestern Wisconsin. http://en.mimi.hu/reptile/viper.html

Home Menu(0); Viper See also: Snake Snakes Rattlesnake Lizard ... Amphibian CreateTd(0) Family Viper idae ( Viper s and Pit Viper s) Members of this family are the best-known venomous snakes .The most familiar viper ids in America are the rattlesnake s (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus). Appearance: Viper ids typically have broad, triangular heads. callurl('http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/~uetz/families/Viperidae.html'); CreateTd(1) Like all other pit viper s they possess a temperature sensing organ referred to as a pit. The pits allow the snake to detect its prey as well as potential predators. The pits on the Eastern Massasauga are located ob both sides of the face below the eyes and nostrils. callurl('http://www.wnyherp.org/Field-Guide/Reptile/Snakes/massasauga-rattlesnake.html'); CreateTd(2) VIPER IDAE ( viper s) The viper s are generally considered to be the most advanced family of snakes since they possess a very sophisticated venom delivery system. Large tubular fangs are placed in the front of the mouth and they are hinged, allowing them to be folded back when not in use. callurl('http://www.pitt.edu/~mcs2/herp/SoNA.html');

50. Antique Natural History Color Prints Of Snakes 1 CLICK HERE TO ENLARGE. Large Snake and a viper It is a interesting engraving with snakes ranging from the deadly viper to the amphisbaena fulgrinosa snake. http://www.goldenbks.co.uk/Antiqueprints145.html

All natural history prints are Guaranteed Original Snake Prints 1 E-mail us your enquiries VIEW YOUR CART Hunting Cobra Snake This delightful print shows a large Cobra snake in the woodlands. The cobra has its head stretching upward, looking up, it has its little, thin tounge sticking out. The snake body looks rough, it is dark and plain but on its neck it has a black marking, its a v shape with two black dots inside. In the foreground there is tree trunks, bushes and plants, the foreground suggests the cobra is in its natural habitat in the wild. The print is 7 1/2" x 10 1/2". Very Good condition Source: Cassell's Popular Natural History, London, circa. 1880 Anaconda Snake Attacking a Water Buffalo This unusual print shows an anaconda snake pouncing on its prey, a water buffalo They are by a river, next to them is a tree, the snake has its tail wrapped around the tree for support, the rest of its body is wrapped around the water buffalo, twice! The snake has it mouth open biting into its neck. The buffalo looks distressed, it has fallen to the ground as the snake is wrapped itself around it, the buffalo head is facing up looking determined to stand up and get away from the hungry anaconda. In the foreground there is a rive, around the outside of the river is rocks, trees and plants. In the distance there is a rocky hill. The Print is 7 1/2" x 10 1/2".

51. Manbir Online ... Snake Bite . Viper Pit vipers have deep pits containing heat receptors on each side of the head between the eye and the nostril that enable the snakes to detect warmblooded http://www.manbir-online.com/htm2/snake.4.htm

Snakes - Viper Types of Poisonous Snakes Snake Gallery Management of Snake Bite Snakes - Some Facts Venom - Vasculotoxic VIPER Characterized by a pair of long, hollow fangs, usually with reserve fangs beside them, in the front of the upper jaw. The fangs fold back against the palate when not in use and quickly swing forward to strike, injecting a deadly venom that attacks blood and tissues. They are distributed worldwide, with most found in Africa. Pit vipers : have deep pits containing heat receptors on each side of the head between the eye and the nostril that enable the snakes to detect warm-blooded prey in the dark. There are more than 120 species. Important ones are rattlesnake, moccasin, copperhead, fer-de-lance, and bushmaster. Most inhabit the western hemisphere; a few are native to Asia.

52. PetPlace.com - Article: How To Recognize A Venomous Snake Pit vipers have a deep pit located between the nostril and the eye, thus the term “pit viper.” Nonvenomous snakes do not have this pit. http://petplace.netscape.com/articles/artShow.asp?artID=2697

53. On Snake Fangs and illustrates this with a several drawings of an open canal, an elapid or hydrophid fang (the more primitive state in frontfanged snakes) and a viper s fang http://members.iinet.net.au/~bush/onfangs.html

Snakes Harmful and Harmless On snake fangs: grooved or hollow? Brian Bush, 9 Birch Place, Stoneville, Western Australia 6081 Considering the general public's perception of a groove as an open furrow, gouge or trench, no front-fanged snakes have grooved fangs. Front-fanged snakes include pit vipers such as rattlesnakes (Crotalidae); fixed-fanged snakes such as brownsnakes, cobras, taipans, etc (Elapidae); seasnakes (Hydrophiidae); and true vipers (Viperidae). All have hollow, tubular fangs caused by a continuation of the dentine across the anterior seam. This may have been open in its ancestral state. An examination of a fang from any of the above families will show a non-functional anterior groove, which is no more than an enamel-sealed seam. Shine (1991: 15) labels this external groove as such. The continual reference to grooved front fangs, and the incorrect inference that the venom flows down this groove, probably originated by mistake as a typo error, but has persisted through the years. Imagine a scientist presenting a paper on the evolutionary development of snake fangs. He explains how the ancestral state was an open anterior canal, or groove, and illustrates this with a several drawings of an open canal, an elapid or hydrophid fang (the more primitive state in front-fanged snakes) and a viper's fang. As he points to the most obvious closed seam in an elapid or hydrophid fang he says, "See how it was grooved." The possible typo error was the transposing of

54. Western Hog-nosed Pit Viper (Porthidium Ophryomegas) Calendars View All (1) Most Popular Western Hognosed Pit viper Calendars snakes 2004 Wall Calendar at Calendars. © 2004 theBigZoo.com Feedback http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/Western_Hog-nosed_Pit_Viper.asp

Home Zoo Reptiles Vipers :Western Hog-nosed Pit Viper Click Here to Use This Photo Coiled Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Family: Viperidae Genus: Porthidium Species: ophryomegas Length: 20 inches Offspring: 6 - 9 Life Span: 5 years Western Hog-nosed Pit Viper Porthidium ophryomegas The Western Hog-nosed pit viper is generally gray, yellow or reddish-brown with numerous dark blotches on its back. This allows them to blend in with their surroundings and makes catching food easier. They are venomous snakes and their venom not only kills their food but aids in the digestion process by making their prey easier to digest. As juveniles, Western Hog-nosed pit vipers eat primarily frogs and lizards. As adults, they usually eat small mammals, frogs and lizards, and the occasional bird. Western Hog-nosed pit vipers are found in rocky semi-arid slopes and hillsides. They can be found in Western Guatemala and along the Southern Pacific coast down to Panama and Honduras. Western Hog-nosed pit vipers are nocturnal animals. Their infrared sensing pit helps them hunt without visual cues. They are not aggressive snakes (except to their prey ) but will react vigorously if threatened.

55. Armenian Viper :: Saint Louis Zoo viper Conservation. The aim of this program is to halt the terrible decline of these reptiles. Field research in Armenia is helping us learn about the snakes http://www.stlzoo.org/animals/abouttheanimals/reptiles/snakes/armenianviper.htm

Site Map Search Contact Press Room Selected shortcuts for... - Zoo Visitors - Educators - Students - Members - Donors - Sponsors - Event Planners - Prospective Staff - Professional Peers - Media - Regional Community - Mission - History - Organization - Economic Impact ... Snakes Armenian Viper Armenian Viper Range: Armenia and surrounding Near Eastern countries Habitat: Dry, sparsely vegetated rocky slopes at high elevations Conservation Status Not listed by IUCN Scientific Name: Montivipera raddei Mountain Dweller The Armenian viper, along with seven other closely related species, belongs to a group called "mountain vipers." These venomous snakes have several things in common, including - you guessed it! - their mountain-dwelling lifestyle. Same Snake, Different Colors Don't expect all Armenian vipers to look alike! They can be various shades of gray, gray-brown, or black. Their backs are covered with round blotches that can be yellow, yellow-orange, brown-orange, or red - and often edged in black. Their head is covered with small scales, except for the large scales above the eyes. The back of the head has two teardrop-shaped black spots. Male Armenian vipers can grow up to 39 inches long, females up to 31 inches.

56. The Snakes Of Indiana All of the venomous snakes in Indiana belong to the pit viper family. Thus, if it looks like your snake has four nostrils, it’sa pit viper. http://herpcenter.ipfw.edu/outreach/INherps/INsnakes.htm

HOME SPECIES ACCOUNTS : THE SNAKES OF INDIANA Snakes are an intriguing group of animals. Often misunderstood, they are an integral part of many natural habitats. Knowing more about them can help us enjoy the outdoors and appreciate the many different kinds of wildlife that surround us. This publication is intended to help people identify the snakes of Indiana, increase the awareness of snake conservation and biology, and correct many misconceptions about snakes. TOPICS Snake Facts Venomous vs. Nonvenomous Snakes in Indiana Poisonous Snakes and Snake Bite Snake Conservation These web pages are based on the publication "Snakes of Indiana" authored by Brian MacGowan and Bruce Kingsbury , cooperatively produced by Purdue University, Indiana-Purdue University, Fort Wayne, and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife. If you would like a copy of the booklet, you can obtain one for $6.50 (check, money order, or Visa/MasterCard- includes tax and shipping) from the DNR using the following contact information: Snake Booklet DNR Customer Service 402 W. Washington St. W160

57. Snake pit viper, Trimeresurus erythrurus in captivy. Snake 27(1)15 Venkateswarlu, T., JG Pattanayak, SC Nahar and A. Mohapatra. 1995. On the collection of snakes http://www.herplit.com/contents/Snake.html

The Snake Japan Association of Snake Research Japan Snake Institute Yabuzuka-honmachi, Nittagun Gunma Prefecture 379-23 Japan Email: snake-a@sunfield.ne.jp Back to contents page Volume 28 (1-2) Andrade, Denis Vieira and Augusto Shinya Abe. 1998 (1999). Abnormalities in a litter of Boa constrictor amarali . The Snake. 28(1-2):28-32. [Departamento de Zoologica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sp. Brazil] Asanuma, Enoki, Tatuto Otuji, Eiichi Nakamoto, Yoshiharu Kawamura and Michihisa Toriba. 1998 (1999). Report of the sea snake bite by Hydrophis melanocephalus at Amami-Oshima Islan, Japan . The Snake. 28(1-2):62-64. [Surgery Division, Kagoshima Prefectural Oshima Hospital, Manatsu 18-1, Naze, Kagoshima 894, Japan] Boyer, Donal M. and David T. Roberts. 1998 (1999). The predatory strike of the temple viper Tropidolaemus wagleri . The Snake. 28(1-2):79-82. [Dallas Zoo, Department of Herpetology, 621 E. Clarendon Drive, Dallas, TX 75203-2996, USA] Brites, V. L. C. and F. A. Bauab. 1998 (1999). Snakebite in Casuarius casuarius (Aves: Casuaridae) Brooks, Joe E., Peter J. Savarie and Richard L. Bruggers. 1998 (1999).

58. The Belled Viper The Belled viper Even hunters of timber rattlers now admit that these snakes are shy, placid — and very fragile. One day recently http://www.smithsonianmag.si.edu/smithsonian/issues97/dec97/viper.html

document.write(''); 1 mb MOV movie 1 mb AVI movie Courtesy Pennsylvania Wild Resource Conservation Fund American Pit Vipers The Belled Viper One day recently, Curt Brennan used a stick to part some laurel branches in the mountains of northern Pennsylvania. He knew just what he was looking for. Instantly, a harsh insect-like buzzing filled the air, and what looked like a pile of leaves began to move. More than two dozen timber rattlesnakes were basking in the hazy sunshine, heaped in an area the size of a card table. Twenty years ago, Brennan would have been wading into the melee, snatching snakes with his hook and stuffing them into collecting bags, flushed with the danger and excitement of rattler hunting. But Brennan has undergone a change of heart. Finding that snakes are easily injured by the rough handling they receive in capture and seeing that timber rattlers are disappearing from their former haunts, Brennan has become an eloquent spokesman for the snakes, even writing a book, Rattler Tales from Northcentral Pennsylvania , about his conversion from hunter to advocate.

59. LD50 For Various Snakes. Laticauda semifasciata, Broad banded sea krait, 0.273, 0.34, 2.014.0. Macrovipera lebetina, Levantine viper, 16, 0.8, Micrurus alleni, coral snake species, 0.74, 0.705, http://mzone.mweb.co.za/residents/net12980/ld50tot.html

All data in the table that follows must be viewed with grave suspicion. The Mouse LD50 is a figure that is indicative of a dosage that will kill 50% of the mice envenomated within 24 hours. These are standard 20 g mice. Thus a simple calculation involving yield and LD50 SHOULD be indicative of how many mice such a snake is capable of killing and by very crude approximation the weight of a human it would kill. Example: Dendroaspis polylepis (Black Mamba) has a LD50 (subcutaneous) of 0.32 mg/kg and a yield of 50.0 - 120.0 mg of venom. This means that it takes 0.32mg of venom to kill 500 grammes, of mice (remember it only kills half of those it is administered to). We use a standard 20g mouse, thus there are 50 mice to a kilogramme or 25 mice to 500 grammes. 1 mg of venom is enough to kill 78.125 mice. That is 1 divided by 0.32 and the result multiplied by 25. The snake yields up to 120 mg of venom so we multiply our result by 120 and arrive at a figure of 9375 mice. Or, by extrapolation, 187.5 kg of human(s). We do know from reliable records that this snake has killed 11 adult humans in a single attack. Thus the mouse LD50 obviously does not tell the whole story! It is however a baseline comparison that has some merits. Mice are not humans. The testing has been done in various places where standards differ from laboratory to laboratory. Some data comes from snakes that were not - or cannot - be reconciled with an actual species.

60. Venomous Snake Restraint: Gaboon Vipers able to pet and touch their Gaboons because they are such slow, docile snakes. hurt, annoy or trigger the feeding response of a Gaboon viper sufficiently, the http://www.kingsnake.com/snakegetters/demo/gaboons.html

Please Don't Pet The Gaboons A Gaboon viper is a lot like an Olympic powerlifter. He looks fat and lazy, like he spends most of his time on the couch watching TV and eating potato chips. But all that bulk is actually pure muscle. In one explosive burst he can achieve unbelievable feats of strength and speed. Evolution did some pretty cool stuff with Bitis gabonica. I would describe a really motivated Gaboon as an exploding snake grenade. Their true strike range when they decide to get serious about it is close to 100% of their body length at any angle except straight vertical or directly backwards. Then it drops slightly. That means that a hand on the tail of a Gaboon viper is not in a very safe place if the head is not physically blocked. I have heard some people talk about being able to pet and touch their Gaboons because they are such slow, docile snakes. I have seen a number of people handle Gaboons with their hands inside what I know to be the accurate strike range of the species. I think they believe that they are doing so safely because they have never been treated to the sight of an ass over tail Gaboon explosion. If you frighten, hurt, annoy or trigger the feeding response of a Gaboon viper sufficiently, the physical response they can muster is far beyond most people's expectations.

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