41. TIMEasia.com | Vietnam: Of Ladders And Letters | 4/24/2000 Vice Presidentelect for her outspoken views on reunification • One System China tries to muzzle Hong Kong s press vietnam history Lesson Twenty-five years http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/2000/0424/history.vietnam.html

TIME Asia Home Current Issue Asia News Pacific News ... APRIL 24, 2000 VOL. 155 NO. 16 Ulevich/AP Evacuation from the roof of the U.S. embassy in Saigon, April 29, 1975. HISTORY Of Ladders and Letters On the anniversary of Saigon's fall, a trove of documents sheds new light on old traumas By DOUGLAS BRINKLEY The owner of a chain of supercenters in Michigan would hardly seem a match for Henry Kissinger in a debate over the Vietnam War, but at the 1995 Gerald R. Ford Foundation board meeting, the former Secretary of State indeed lost a heated argument on the subject to one Fred Meijer of Grand Rapids. At issue was an 18-step metal ladder, utterly unremarkable except that in April 1975 thousands of desperate South Vietnamese, fleeing capture by the invading North Vietnamese for freedom in the U.S., had clambered up its sturdy steps onto the roof of the U.S. embassy in Saigon and into American helicopters perched there. To Meijer, the gray ladder was an uplifting symbol of hope; to Kissinger, it was a grim reminder of the U.S. failure in South Vietnam that had cost more than 58,000 American lives. It was Meijer's entrepreneurial son Hank who unwittingly sparked the contention when he went to Ho Chi Minh City (formerly the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon) in October 1994, in search of promising new business ventures that might result from the Clinton Administration's impending normalization of relations with Vietnam. While driving down Le Duan Boulevard one afternoon, Hank Meijer asked his driver to stop at the former U.S. embassy, atop which the tragic last moments of America's involvement in Vietnam had been played out. Abandoned since and allowed to run down into a weed-choked eyesore where only chickens wandered among the shards of broken glass, the padlocked building was slated for the wrecking ball.

42. Vietnam: History Of The Bulwark B2 Theatre CSI REPRINT vietnam history OF THE BULWARK B2 THEATER, VOL 5 CONCLUDING THE 30YEARS OF WAR by Tran Van Tra. COMBAT STUDIES INSTITUTE, http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/tra/csirp_vhbbt.html

CSI REPRINT VIETNAM: HISTORY OF THE BULWARK B2 THEATER, VOL 5: CONCLUDING THE 30-YEARS OF WAR by Tran Van Tra COMBAT STUDIES INSTITUTE JOINT PUIBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE 2 February 1983 Southeast Asia Report No 1247 Foreign Broadcast Information Service NOTE JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language sources are translated; those from English-language sources are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and characteristics retained. Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as (Text) or (Excerpt) in the first line of a brief, indicate how the original information was processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the information was summarized or extracted. Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a question mark and enclosed in paren theses were not clear-in the original but have been supplied as appropriate in context. Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an item originate with the source. Times within items are as given by source. The contents of this publication in no way represent the policies,views or attitudes of the U. S. Government.

43. Vietnam: History Of The Bulwark B2 Theatre CSI REPRINT vietnam history OF THE BULWARK B2 THEATER, VOL 5 CONCLUDING THE 30YEARS OF WAR by Tran Van Tra. COMBAT STUDIES INSTITUTE, http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/tra/tra.asp

C ombined Arms Research Library Fort Leavenworth, Kansas CGSC Home CARL Home Library Information Resources ... Digital Library CSI REPRINT VIETNAM: HISTORY OF THE BULWARK B2 THEATER, VOL 5: CONCLUDING THE 30-YEARS OF WAR by Tran Van Tra COMBAT STUDIES INSTITUTE JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE 2 February 1983 Southeast Asia Report No 1247 Foreign Broadcast Information Service NOTE JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language sources are translated; those from English-language sources are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and characteristics retained. Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as (Text) or (Excerpt) in the first line of a brief, indicate how the original information was processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the information was summarized or extracted. Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a question mark and enclosed in paren theses were not clear-in the original but have been supplied as appropriate in context. Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an item originate with the source. Times within items are as given by source. The contents of this publication in no way represent the policies,views or attitudes of the U. S. Government.

44. Vietnam History A Brief History of Vietnam. The background of Vietnam is very interesting. The French wanted to rule Vietnam. By 1884 France had control of all the territory. http://tps.dpi.state.nc.us/connectasia/Vietnam/vietnam_history.htm

A Brief History of Vietnam The background of Vietnam is very interesting. The French wanted to rule Vietnam. By 1884 France had control of all the territory. After World War II independence was declared, yet the French continued to rule until 1954, when the communist forces under Ho Chi MINH defeated the French, who took control of the north. In 1975 North Vietnamese forces overran the south. The population, age structure, etc. is like the US. The population, which was counted in July of 2001, was seventy-nine million, nine hundred thirty-nine thousand fourteen. The age structure for 0-14 years is 32.13%, 15-64 years 62.44%, and for 65 years and over, the smallest amount, 5.43%. The current environmental issues are soil degradation, water pollution, and ground water contamination. A natural hazard is Typhoons. They only happen occasionally but they do cause extensive flooding. The Typhoon season is usually from May to January. The ethnic groups of Vietnam are Vietnamese, Chinese, Hmong, Thai, Khmer, Cham, and mountain groups. Some of Vietnams major religions are Buddhist, Hoa Hao, Coa Dia, Christianity, indigenous beliefs, and Muslim. Vietnam also has a lot of different languages. Vietnamese is the official language. There are other languages such as English, which is the second language, French, Chinese, and Khmer. There are also mountain area languages such as Mon-Khmer and Malayo- Polynesian. Vietnam imports $15.2 billion worth of machinery and fertilizer. They export $14.3 billion worth of crude oil, marine products, rice, and coffee. The export partners of Vietnam are China, Japan, Germany, Australia, US, France, Singapore, UK, and Taiwan. The import partners are Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, France, US, and Sweden.

45. Jewel Of Vietnam: History Tour, Vietnam Tour, Cultural Tour, Nature Tour, closed on whole October and November) and Residence, OnePillar Pagoda, History Museum. to the airport for flight to Hue, the royal city of Vietnam’s last http://www.infohub.com/TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/13984.html

You are here: Home North America Vietnam Trip Listing Service ... Home Categories Active Adventure Affinity Family Hobby ... Sports Destination Africa Asia Australia Caribbean ... Maps Weekend Getaways Backroad CityEscape Unique Stays Castle Hotel Eco Lodge Outdoors Fishing Lodge Guest Ranch Hunting Lodge Resorts Diving Golf Naturist Spa Are you interested? Want to learn more about this tour, order travel brochures, pose questions to the tour operator or book this tour? Click for details. Jewel of Vietnam BA Tour Ltd. Click here for info Experience the natural wonder of the fantasy shaped mountains - World Heritage Halong Bay, the former capital Hue, charming Hoi An port! Discover the country’s past: ruined temples of the little known Cham empire, glorious pagodas and royal tombs of the Nguyen Dynasty, the more recent, tragic sites of the Vietnam War and the friendly people, exotic cuisine, fantastic landscapes and bustling cities of Hanoi, Saigon as well as explore the rural life of the people of Mekong Delta in the Southern Vietnam. Your Itinerary Day 1: Meet on arrival at Hanoi/Noi Bai International Airport and transfer to hotel. City tour: Temple of Literature, built in the 11th century as Vietnam’s first university, Fine Art Museum, Quan Thanh Temple. Evening: Water puppet show, the unique Vietnamese traditional art.

46. History Of The Vietnam War This site offers much reading and research on vietnam during its war years, as well as history on its development as a nation. You http://www.vwam.com/vets/hisintro.html

We hope you enjoy "History" . History is important. Recognizing what we have done in the past is a recognition of ourselves. By searching our past, we are searching how to go forward in our present life. This site offers much reading and research on Vietnam during its war years, as well as history on its development as a nation. You can read how its army was developed and how it fought. It includes unit history of Marines, Army, Navy and Air Force units that participated in the Vietnam War. A section is devoted to the Tet Offensive of 1968, one of the most misunderstood battles of the war. We plan to update this site regularly, so bookmark it and come back often. Please, sign our Guestbook and let us know who you served with and when. If you're a student please let us know if this site was helpful to you in your research. Please visit the home page of Vets With A Mission and learn about the humanitarian work Vietnam veterans are doing in Vietnam.

47. Vietnam Vets, Vietnam War, History Of Vietnam, Vietnam War From The Perspective Contact Us Chuck Ward Bob Peragallo. The vietnam War is only one of the many aspects of the vwam website. This site contains a great http://www.vwam.com/

//Top Navigational Bar III (By BrotherCake @ cake@brothercake.net) //Permission granted/modified by Dynamicdrive.com to include script in archive //For this and 100's more DHTML scripts, visit http://www.dynamicdrive.com Request information to become part of our June-July 2004 Da Nang Medical and Project Teams Read the VWAM Messenger About Us A little about our mission and who we are. Projects What we've accomplished since 1988. Sales Shirts and caps with VWAM logo, books and other fine merchandise. Contact Us Chuck Ward Bob Peragallo The Vietnam War is only one of the many aspects of the vwam website. This site contains a great deal of information on: the Vietnam war, Vietnam war photos, the ethnic peoples of Vietnam, current events in Vietnam, travel tips and more. We also offer an extensive selection of photos of this beautiful country both past and present. Vets With A Mission is doing something constructive to help a people with whom we have shared so much suffering in common. Learn more about what we do in Vietnam and what motivates us as a veterans group to help the people of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Please sign our Guest Book and let us know when you were in country and who you served with. If you're a non-veteran or student and using this page for reference work please let us know if our information helped you.

48. USAF Museum - Vietnam War History vietnam War information from the USAF Museum vietnam War history Gallery The Forward Air Controller. 1970 vietnam Winter-Spring Campaign Korean War. vietnam War. Post-Cold War. history by http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/history/vietnam/vietnam.htm

49. ANU - Vietnam WWW VL pantheon.yale.edu/~akuklewi/vietnam Bibliography vietnamese Perspectives on the War in vietnam 10a http//sunsite.oit.unc.edu/vietnam/history.html Scenes from http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVLPages/VietPages/WWWVL-Vietnam_10.html

50. Battlefield:Vietnam | History 1975, grew out of the long conflict between France and vietnam. In July 1954, after one hundred years courtesy of the soc.history.war. vietnam Home Page, from the Byrd http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/history

By Professor Robert K. Brigham, Vassar College The Second Indochina War, 1954-1975, grew out of the long conflict between France and Vietnam. In July 1954, after one hundred years of colonial rule, a defeated France was forced to leave Vietnam. Nationalist forces under the direction of General Vo Nguyen Giap trounced the allied French troops at the remote mountain outpost of Dien Bien Phu in the northwest corner of Vietnam. This decisive battle convinced the French that they could no longer maintain their Indochinese colonies and Paris quickly sued for peace. As the two sides came together in Geneva, Switzerland, international events were already shaping the future of Vietnam's modern revolution. The Geneva Peace Accords The Geneva Peace Accords, signed by France and Vietnam in the summer of 1954, reflected the strains of the international cold war. Drawn up in the shadow of the Korean War, the Geneva Accords represented the worst of all possible futures for war-torn Vietnam. Because of outside pressures brought to bear by the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, Vietnam's delegates to the Geneva Conference agreed to the temporary partition of their nation at the seventeenth parallel to allow France a face-saving defeat. The Communist superpowers feared that a provocative peace would anger the United States and its western European allies, and neither Moscow or Peking wanted to risk another confrontation with the West so soon after the Korean War. According to the terms of the Geneva Accords, Vietnam would hold national elections in 1956 to reunify the country. The division at the seventeenth parallel, a temporary separation without cultural precedent, would vanish with the elections. The United States, however, had other ideas. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles did not support the Geneva Accords because he thought they granted too much power to the Communist Party of Vietnam.

51. VIET NAM (vietnam) © 96, 97, 98, 99, 00, 01, 02, 03 Viettouch.com Viet Nam Internet, Viet Nam Intranet, Viet Nam iFunk, Viet Nam history, Viet Nam Viet Nam Stamps, Viet Nam Strategic Planning, Viet Nam, Vietnamese, Viet Nam http://www.viettouch.com/

52. History Scenes from Vietnamese history. An idealized portrait of an ancient Vietnamese warrior. baotang.jpg Recent Vietnamese history. A good http://www.ibiblio.org/vietnam/history.html

Scenes from Vietnamese History An idealized portrait of an ancient Vietnamese warrior. baotang.jpg Bia r¹a trong viện Bảo T ng Lịch Sá»­ Việt Nam, H  Nội. Turtle-borne stele in the Museum of Vietnamese History, Hanoi. biatiens.jpg Bia Tiến SÄ© tại Văn Miếu. Bia n y được đặt từ năm 1738. A Doctorate stele in the Temple of Literature, Hanoi. This particular stele dates back to 1738. cayda.jpg C¢y đa do Ng´ Quyền trồng na(m 938. The Banyan tree planted by King Ngo Quyen in 938 A. D. conson.jpg H¬nh ảnh C´n Đảo. A view of Con Son Island, where many Vietnamese nationalists and revolutionaries were incarcerated. denadv.jpg Đền thờ An DÆ°Æ¡ng VÆ°Æ¡ng. Temple to King An Duong Vuong (257-207 B.C.). duytan.jpg Kiệu Vua Duy T¢n. Emperor Duy Tan (1907-1916) and his entourage. dkhanh.jpg H¬nh Vua Đồng Kh¡nh. Portrait of Emperor Dong Khanh (1883-1886). haiba.jpg Procession commemorating two Vietnamese heroines (40-43 A.D.). hunghoa.jpg Qu¢n Ph¡p chiếm th nh HÆ°ng H³a. The French assault on Hung Hoa citadel (1884).

53. Index Of /pub/multimedia/pictures/asia/vietnam/history Parent Directory 13Apr-1998 0357 - INDEX......Index of /pub/multimedia/pictures/asia/vietnam/history. Name Last modified Size http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/multimedia/pictures/asia/vietnam/history/

Index of /pub/multimedia/pictures/asia/vietnam/history Name Last modified Size Description ... Parent Directory 13-Apr-1998 03:57 - INDEX 04-Oct-1995 12:50 1k baotang.jpg 17-Mar-1995 12:24 137k biatiens.jpg 06-Jul-1996 15:10 132k cayda.jpg 04-Oct-1995 12:46 129k conson.jpg 27-Mar-1995 01:29 101k denadv.jpg 28-Mar-1995 20:22 90k dkhanh.jpg 13-Mar-1995 00:54 78k duytan.jpg 31-Mar-1995 11:13 235k haiba.jpg 12-Mar-1995 02:37 134k hunghoa.jpg 12-Mar-1995 02:38 271k nhabiada.jpg 18-May-1995 19:54 124k nothan.jpg 12-Mar-1995 02:40 95k nvtuong.jpg 08-Apr-1995 18:19 76k ptgian.jpg 08-Apr-1995 18:20 47k santrieu.jpg 04-Oct-1995 12:46 99k thoadv.jpg 12-Mar-1995 02:41 104k vtsb.jpg 04-Jan-1996 14:16 112k Apache/1.3.29 Server at www.ibiblio.org Port 80

54. The Crile Archives And Center For Military History Education A repository of 20th century military history containing documents, artifacts, and oral histories of veterans of WW I, WW II, the Korean war, and the vietnam war. http://www.crile-archives.org

Welcome to the Crile Archives and Center for History Education Homepage Crile Hospital, 1944-64; Cuyahoga Community College, Western Campus, 1966 to present. NEW FEATURE Robert Martin: In His Own Words See and hear the fascinating story of WWII lead B-17 bombardier Robert Martin as he is shot down over Germany, captured by the Nazis, and has his life saved by an unimaginable stroke of luck. Click here to view this compelling new multimedia series courtesy of Tom Swope, award-winning producer of the Legacies Project radio program on on WBKC 1460 AM. Museum Without Walls The Museum Without Walls project is a concept which takes history to a new level. We endeavor to provide resources that convey a history that engages, enlightens, and tells a human story. The Museum Without Walls brings history resources to schools, teachers, and students. Through a variety of initiatives our Affiliates can work with teachers and students in a collaborative context at varied levels. The Crile Archives began as a student project in 1994 as part of the 50th commemoration of WW II. Both the Archive and the College were designated as a "Commemorative Community" by the Department of Defense in 1995.

55. Vietnam Homepage Videos and photographs of contemporary vietnam, including Hanoi street life, pagodas, the countryside and Ha Long Bay. Also includes links to geography, language and history. http://www2.centenary.edu/vietnam/lairson/

Vietnam An Interactive Tour This site offers an interactive experience with contemporary Vietnam: pictures, videos, text, graphs, and links provide an opportunity to see and learn about what Vietnam is like today. It was created by Dr. Thomas Lairson, Professor of Political Science at Rollins College, based on several trips to Vietnam between 1994 and 1998. The photographs were taken by Sally Lairson, Sandra Williams, Tom Lairson, and Colette Goodman. Created and maintained by: Dr. Thomas Lairson ENTER All videos

56. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo vietnam A Country Study. Search vietnam. Include word variants Use only words as entered Chapter 1. Historical Setting. EARLY history. THE CHINESE MILLENNIUM http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/vntoc.html

VIETNAM - A Country Study Search Vietnam Include word variants Use only words as entered. Vietnam Foreword ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PREFACE ... Surveillance Appendices Appendix A. Tables Appendix B. Party Leaders in the 1980s Bibliography Glossary

57. Vietnam : Arts And Humanities : History vietnam Arts and Humanities history, vietnam Arts and Humanities history homepage, vietnam Arts and Humanities history web, vietnam Arts and http://search.asiaco.com/Vietnam/Arts_and_Humanities/History/

Home Add Site Change URL Search A S I A C O , T H E A S I A S E A R C H E N G I N E Vietnam : Arts and Humanities : History Home Vietnam Arts and Humanities : History Malaysia, Singapore. Search Mobile content click here: Sites 116th Assault Helicopter Company 116th Assault Helicopter Company Official Page URL: http://www.webpak.net/~hornets/ 173rd Assault Helicopter Company 173rd Assault Helicopter Company Official Page URL: http://www.volcano.net/~the173rd/index.htm 1st Cav Medic Combat Medical Badge Home Page URL: http://www.geocities.com/pentagon/bunker/3179/index.html 25th Infantry Division Artillery US army experiences during the Vietnam War. URL: http://pacer.calpoly.edu/tri/pacer/radar.html 2nd Squadron, 1st Cavalry 2nd Squadron, 1st Cavalry (Vietnam 1967-70) Association Homepage URL: http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Bunker/4690 335th Assault Helicopter Company three combat flight platoons; Ramrods,Mustangs and Falcons. URL: http://www.goiv.com/cowboy/ 361st Aviation Company provides a historical description of the 361st ACE, 52nd CAB weapon manafucturing company. URL: http://home.elp.rr.com/pinkpanthers

58. Welcome To Vietnamtourism Official tourism site of the Vietnamese government. Tour programs, attractions, entertainment, history, religion, industry, museums, and other information. http://www.vietnamtourism.com/e_pages/e_index.htm

59. Vietnam War History Research Files Since 1988 The American War Library Home GI Photo Museum Locator/Registry Forms Vet/Military Websites Collectables vietnam War history Research Files http://members.aol.com/warlibrary/vwhrf.htm

The American War Library Home G.I. Photo Museum Locator/Registry Forms ... Collectables Vietnam War History Research Files Permission granted to link this site to your Webpage http://members.aol.com/warlibrary/vwhrf.htm Aircraft Flown Go Allied Troop Levels Go American War Crimes Hearings Go Army Military Occupational Specialties Go B-52 Stats Go Enemy (military) Defections, 1966-71 Go Enemy (political) Defections, 1966-71 Go Enemy (other) Defections, 1966-71 Go Est Personal Arms Left Behind, 1975 Go Fighter-Bomber Missions Flown Go Gulf Of Tonkin Notebook Go Fire Support Base Development Go Gulf Of Tonkin Notebook Go Helicopter Missions Flown Go Herbicides Used Go KIA Names Go Medal of Honorees Go Number Of U.S. Women Who Served In Vietnam Go Origins of America's Entry in Vietnam Go Schools Doing Biochem Research Go Robert S. McNamara Documents Go Statistics Go The Memorial Wall Card Go Training Series Go US Economic Data, Vietnam War Years Go USMC Occupations, Enlisted Go USMC Occupations, Officer

60. This Day In History This Day In history vietnam War May 20 1969 Kennedy criticizes the Hamburger Hill battle. As part of a growing outcry over US http://www.historychannel.com/tdih/vietnam.html

Ronald Reagan D-Day Quest For King Arthur Did the greatest king who ever lived, ever live? Wild West Tech Don't miss Wild West Tech, Tuesdays @ 10pm/9c! Modern Marvels Download desktop wallpaper and watch a video preview! Band of Brothers Mail Call Save Our History AUTOMOTIVE ... WORLD WAR II WHAT HAPPENED ON YOUR BIRTHDAY JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUN. JUL. AUG. SEP. OCT. NOV. DEC. Automotive Civil War Cold War Crime Entertainment General Interest Literary Old West Vietnam War Wall Street World War II June 12 Lavelle testifies before Congress Gen. John D. Lavelle, former four-star general and U.S. Air Force commander in Southeast Asia, testifies before the House Armed Services Committee. He had been relieved of his post in March and later demoted after it was determined that he had repeatedly ordered unauthorized bombings of military targets in North Vietnam. Court-martial charges were brought against him by his subordinates but were dropped by the Air Force because the "interests of discipline" had already been served. Lavelle became the first four-star general in modern U.S. history to be demoted on retirement, although he continued to receive full general's retirement pay of $27,000 per year. South Vietnamese premier resigns Mounting Roman Catholic opposition to South Vietnamese Premier Phan Huy Quat's government leads him to resign. The next day a military triumvirate headed by Army General Nguyen Van Thieu took over and expanded to a 10-man National Leadership Committee on June 14. The Committee decreed the death penalty for Viet Cong terrorists, corrupt officials, speculators, and black marketeers. The Catholics approved of Quat's resignation and warned the military against favoring the Buddhists, who asked for an appointment of civilians to the new cabinet.

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