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         Us Studies 20th Century:     more books (77)
  1. Enfim...Nos = Finally...Us: Escritoras Negras Brasileiras Contemporaneas = Contemporary Black Brazilian Women Writers (Three Continents Press) by Miriam Alves, Carolyn Richardson Durham, 1995-09
  2. Enfim...Nos/Finally...Us: Escritoras Negras Brasileiras Contemporaneas/Contemporary Black Brazilian Women Writers (Three Continents Press)
  3. Strangers Among Us: Latino Lives in a Changing America by Roberto Suro, 1999-05-18
  4. Bind Us in Time: Nation and Civilisation in Asia by Wang Gungwu, Gungwu Wang, 2003-11
  5. Us vs. Them: American Political and Cultural Conflict from WWII to Watergate (American Visions, 2) by Robert J. Bresler, 1999-11-28
  6. Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated and Transformed American Culture Since World War II by Richard H. Pells, 1998-04
  7. Us Little People: Mennonite Children by Carl Hiebert, 2003-02-01
  8. Lies The Media Tell Us by James Winter, 2007-08-30
  9. Not Like Us: Immgrants and Minorities in America 1890-1924 (The American Ways Series) by Roger Daniels, 1997-08-25
  10. America Beyond Black and White: How Immigrants and Fusions Are Helping Us Overcome the Racial Divide (Contemporary Political and Social Issues) by Ronald Fernandez, 2007-08-29
  11. The Stories That Shape Us: Contemporary Women Write About the West : An Anthology by Page Lambert, 1995-01
  12. For Us, the Living (Banner Books) by Myrlie, B. Evers, 1996-02-01
  13. The Trouble Between Us: An Uneasy History of White and Black Women in the Feminist Movement by Winifred Breines, 2007-08-31
  14. Fighting for Us: Maulana Karenga, the US Organization, and Black Cultural Nationalism by Scot Brown, Clayborne Carson, 2005-03-01

61. Intercollegiate Studies Institute
of the century us into a future that "works." Democracy and Science (both pure means) were thereby transformed into the moral ends of our century Ellis, studies in the
http://www.isi.org/publications/ir/50worst.html
You should be redirected to the correct URL. (http://www.isi.org/journals/ir/50best_worst/50worst.html) If you are not redirected, click here

62. Keele University : American Studies
The 48 Star Flag (191259). Flags of the United States, Twentieth-century. Dos Passos, John Resources; Short biography. Dove, Rita Resources ( us Poet Laureate).
http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/as/Literature/amlit.sallyanne.html
Useful Links : American Literature
SALLY ANNE
The 48 Star Flag (1912-59). Flags of the United States
Twentieth-Century

63. LookSmart - Directory - Guides & Directories To 20th Century US History
Guides Directories to 20th century us History Access study guides that supply a wealth of resources related to the history of 20th century America.
http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317911/us53828/us71848/us285
@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home
IN the directory this category
YOU ARE HERE Home Library Humanities History ... 20th Century
- Access study guides that supply a wealth of resources related to the history of 20th century America.
Directory Listings About
  • 20th Century America - HoustonChronicle.com
    Houston Chronicle provides this by-decade guide to US history during the 20th century. Includes articles and photographs.
    20th Century Decades - US History Resources

    Chico High School provides this guide to study resources and articles about US history during the 20th century.
    20th Century USA - Historical Text Archive

    Access texts and study resources related to the history and culture of America during the 20th century.
    About.com - 20th Century American History

    Guide provides links to sites focusing on the history of the United States during the 20th century.
    Academy of Achievement - 20th Century Achievers
    Virtual museum profiles extraordinary leaders, discoverers and creators of the 20th century. American Cultural History - Twentieth Century Guide to the 20th century prepared by reference librarians profiles events by decade. Includes a quiz.
  • 64. LookSmart - Directory - 20th Century US Women's History
    MSN Encarta Women s Rights Study this guide to retain a Tell us how we re doing. Join the Zeal community and help build the 20th century us Women s History
    http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/us53711/us217930/us4072100/us2
    @import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home
    IN the directory this category
    YOU ARE HERE Home Sciences Social Science Women's Studies ... US Women's History
    20th Century US Women's History - Learn about various topics in 20th century US women's history, such as women's liberation movement.
    Directory Categories
    Directory Listings About
  • American Suffrage Association
    Short history of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, with links to photographs of two founders.
    American Suffragist Movement

    Find details on a book written in celebration of the 150 year anniversary of the Seneca Falls Conference. With excepts, documents, and photos.
    Feminist Chronicles, The

    Extensive timeline of events in the women's liberation movement spanning the years 1953 - 1993. Research major events for each year.
    History of Marches and Mass Actions

    National Organization of Women's timeline of feminist action. Research the rallies and marches of the second wave of feminism. MSN Encarta - Women's Rights Study this guide to retain a historical account chronicling the plight to attain female equality. Has photos, related links, and commentary.
  • 65. Social Studies School Service Search Our Catalog
    browse. Welcome to Social studies School Service serving the educational community for 35 years! Please PEOPLE OF THE 20th century, Leading
    http://www.socialstudies.com/c/@0/Pages/product.html?record@TF31479 af@ep

    66. 20th Century America
    us History The Present Cycle in us History 20th Vincent Ferraro, Resources for the Study of International SOURCES EyeWitness To The 20th century The Emergence
    http://www.teacheroz.com/20thcent.htm
    Updated December 31, 2003
    JUMP TO.....

    Comprehensive Sites - Timelines - Primary Documents - Maps
    1900 vs. 2000 - Impact of the 20th Century Planes - Trains - Automobiles The First 20 Years: 1900-1920 ... Various Misc. Topics GENERAL AND COMPREHENSIVE SITES
    NM's Creative Impulse..Modern
    is a super site with links on just about everything from 1900-1945. AND,
    NM's Creative Impulse.. Recent
    covers 1945-Present. HUNDREDS OF LINKS.
    The History Guide A Student's Guide for Studying History

    The World War Cycle of U.S. History

    The Present Cycle in U.S. History

    20th Century History - Home Page
    ...
    History Guide Discovery Channel History Guide

    TIMELINES OF THE 20TH CENTURY American Cultural History - The Twentieth Century - TERRIFIC SITE!!! TIMELINE: 1900-1999 The First Measured Century 1854 - 1919: Imperialism and World War I Timeline 1869 - 1921: Populism and Progressivism Timeline ... TIMELINE: Cold War More timelines below according to each topic. For more, check out the TIMELINE section on my General U.S.A. History page. Maps, Flags, Timelines

    67. Spaceflight Now | Breaking News | 20th Century Climate Not So Hot, Study Shows
    warmth to be greater than that of the 20th century. organized into six research divisions study the origin us STORE Apollo 11 collector s box Hold pieces of
    http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0304/05climate/
    20th century climate not so hot, study shows
    HARVARD-SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS NEWS RELEASE

    Posted: April 4, 2003
    A review of more than 200 climate studies led by researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics has determined that the 20th century is neither the warmest century nor the century with the most extreme weather of the past 1000 years. The review also confirmed that the Medieval Warm Period of 800 to 1300 A.D. and the Little Ice Age of 1300 to 1900 A.D. were worldwide phenomena not limited to the European and North American continents. While 20th century temperatures are much higher than in the Little Ice Age period, many parts of the world show the medieval warmth to be greater than that of the 20th century. Smithsonian astronomers Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas, with co-authors Craig Idso and Sherwood Idso (Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change) and David Legates (Center for Climatic Research, University of Delaware), compiled and examined results from more than 240 research papers published by thousands of researchers over the past four decades. Their report, covering a multitude of geophysical and biological climate indicators, provides a detailed look at climate changes that occurred in different regions around the world over the last 1000 years. "Many true research advances in reconstructing ancient climates have occurred over the past two decades," Soon says, "so we felt it was time to pull together a large sample of recent studies from the last 5-10 years and look for patterns of variability and change. In fact, clear patterns did emerge showing that regions worldwide experienced the highs of the Medieval Warm Period and lows of the Little Ice Age, and that 20th century temperatures are generally cooler than during the medieval warmth."

    68. DISTORTION: A STUDY OF 20TH CENTURY WOMEN'S UNDERGARMENTS
    Distortion A Study of 20th century Women’s Though many agreed that segregation should end, women should have equal rights with men, and the us should not
    http://www.feminist.com/resources/artspeech/remember/rtl10.htm
    Feminist.com Bookstore Find Services In Your Area Inspiring Quotes Links/ Best of the Feminist Web ...
    Join Our Mailing List
    Jump To: About Us Activism Anti-Violence Ask Amy Events Home Marketplace News Resources What's New A R T I C L E S S P E E C H E S REMEMBER THE LADIES
    by Janelle Collett
    Pick a Section! Aging Body Image Family/Parenting Feminism/Women Girls/Young Women Health Inspirational International Interviews Media/Reviews Politics Remember the Ladies Violence Work/Career Distortion: A Study of 20th Century Women’s Undergarments Thin or curvaceous? Wide hips or no hips? The ideal body image for women is constantly changing. Even in the twentieth century, the ideal has undergone dramatic revisions. Despite physical discomfort, women have relied on underwear to mold their bodies to meet society’s most excessive expectations. An analysis of those expectations reveals that women’s undergarments have reflected the feminine ideal of the times in which they lived. That feminine ideal, in turn, has reflected events and changes in larger society. The Corset At the turn of the twentieth century, the country was emerging from the Victorian era, an era that emphasized the “natural” differences between men and women. The chosen undergarment of fashionable women, the corset, reflected the notion that true women were men’s complementary opposites. This aim toward femininity demanded a full bosom, wide hips, and a miniscule waist. Struggling to create the illusion, women laced themselves into heavily boned corsets. One of the most popular corsets of the time forced the body into an “S” curve, which thrust the hips back and the breasts forward. The fans of the “S” curve corset strove to have the wispy, contorted bodies painted by Charles Dana Gibson, a popular American artist. (i)

    69. NATO ASI Advanced Study Institute: 20th Century Harmonic Analysis: Home
    20th century Harmonic Analysis A Celebration. Advanced Study Institutes are twoweek-long advanced-level fee for participants from industry will be $us 200.
    http://www.cs.umb.edu/~asi/analysis2000/
    NATO Advanced Study Institute 20th Century Harmonic Analysis A Celebration July 2-15, 2000 A World Mathematical Year 2000 event. What are ASI's?
    Advanced Study Institutes are two-week-long advanced-level tutorial courses on a subject given by lecturers of international standing. The purpose of this ASI is to take stock of a century of Harmonic Analysis and to allow a new generation of analysts to share the profound insights of some of the outstanding contributors to the state of the art. We would like to thank our generous sponsors Who are the lecturers for this ASI?
    See the list of lecturers and the lecture schedule Who can attend?
    Scientists and/or research students of all nationalities, who have either specialized in the field or who have an appropriate advanced scientific background. When is it?
    The two weeks from Sunday 2 July to Saturday 15 July, 2000. Where is it?

    70. MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Astronomy Of The 20th Century
    The 20th century brought many new developments to the study of space. 19801981, First detailed study of Saturn and its rings by us probes Voyager 1 and 2.
    http://encarta.msn.com/media_461541217/Astronomy_of_the_20th_Century.html
    MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Multimedia from Encarta Appears in Astronomy of the 20th Century The 20th century brought many new developments to the study of space. Huge telescopes, such as the 10-m (400-in) Keck telescopes, came into use. Astronomers began to use the Hubble Space Telescope and other space-based observatories. They also began to measure and record radiation that is not visible to the human eye. Period Year Event Einstein states the special theory of relativity. Hertzsprung classifies stars by their brightness: dwarfs and giants. The period-luminosity correlation of Cepheids is calculated by H. Leavitt. Einstein publishes the general theory of relativity. The mirror of the Mount Wilson telescope (2.5 m) is put into use. Hubble discovers that spiral nebulas are galaxies outside the Milky Way. Hubble suggests that the universe is expanding. Tombaugh discovers Pluto. The first radio waves in space are observed by Jansky.

    71. Econ-Exchange - Economics And U.S. History
    recognizing that early in the 20th century most private By itself, however, the chronological study of history is Countdown A century of us Business — The
    http://www.rich.frb.org/pubs/econ/fall02/century.html
    Robert Wedge
    Massachusetts Council on Economic Education
    Waltham, Massachusetts
    Robert Wedge is the director of education for the Massachusetts Council on Economic Education. He is also a visiting lecturer on economics at Bridgewater State College and the Suffolk University School of Professional and Continuing Studies. Prior to joining MCEE, he worked at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and taught at Winchester High School in Massachusetts.
    The millennium and Y2K celebrations spawned at least one unlikely new cottage industry as historians, economists, and philosophers used the occasion to formulate their versions of 20th-century history. Their accounts were widely disseminated, and many media pundits followed up with interpretations and commentary. Will the K-12 schools be able to keep pace with events, helping students understand modern history in light of the economic forces that have shaped it? In most states today, the standards and accountability movement drives education reform. In practice, many districts respond by emphasizing reading, writing, and mathematical skills. In this context, when people think about teaching history, they may turn to an emphasis on solid, testable lists of names, dates, and facts. While background information of this sort can play a part in thoughtful, imaginative lessons, information alone does not suffice to explain historical developments. Where understanding is the goal, the means must include tools for inquiry, including principles of economics.

    72. Some 20th-century Scientists
    programs, progressive taxes; consultation with us leaders on quantum theory, Brownian motion (20); study of feedback Some 20thcentury scientists (c.1945-1990).
    http://www.obkb.com/dcljr/sci20thc.html
    Some 20th-century scientists
    jump to bottom of page This is just a list of some 20th-century scientists (82 of them, to be precise), hence the title. It was originally done for that infamous History of Science class. So why am I putting it on my homepage? Well... why not? Note: In Sep 2001, I added more ``died'' dates (based on info found in various Google searches ) and added an entry for Carl Sagan. I am beginning (Dec 2002) to link names to entries in Eric Weisstein's World of Science and other sites.
    Some 20th-century scientists (1900-c.1945)
    BOHR, Niels Henrik David
    physicist; Copenhagen, Denmark, 10/7/1885-11/18/62; Bohr model of atom (13); idea of quantized electron momentum; relation of electron shells to chemical properties; Nobel Prize in Physics (22); idea of compound nucleus; studies of nuclear decay (39); work at Los Alamos; establishment of CERN. WW/BD
    CHADWICK, Sir James
    physicist; Bollington, England, 10/20/1891-7/24/74; studies of radioactivity, alpha particle bombardment; Nobel Prize in Physics (35) for discovery of neutron (32); studies of chain reactions, nuclear disintegration, which led to atomic bomb. WW/BD/FP
    COCKCROFT, Sir John Douglas

    73. The Catholic Counter-Reformation In The 21st Century
    CounterReformation in the 21 st century following the of his meditations and of Brother Bruno’s scientific studies. Let us begin then with Psalm 1 in which
    http://www.crc-internet.org/
    HE IS RISEN! The Catholic Counter-Reformation in the 21 st century
    following the Catholic highroad between heresy and schism Search site Online editions Subscriptions Catalogue ...
    Kb pdf file
    Books of Accusation Pope Paul VI
    Pope John Paul II

    New 'Catholic' Catechism
    Special Studies Murder of John Paul I
    The one Catholic Mass

    The Holy Shroud of Turin

    The truth about La Salette
    ...
    “Calls from the Message of Fatima”
    , by Sister Lucy E-Book John Paul I : The Pope of the Secret For the Chu r ch ...
    Against the schismatic drift
    Further Information The Abbé de Nantes
    The 150 Points
    For the Church A Son of the Churc ... h (2)
    You want to be judged by Rome? You shall be! replied the cardinal. Forty years later, we must conclude that the promised judgement has not yet been handed down, for a simple reason that we untiringly repeat without fear of being contradicted. Article Insert: You shall know them by their fruits.

    74. Greatest Space Events Of The 20th Century: The 70s
    The astronauts would also study themselves with a slew of 17 splashed down in the Pacific, the 20th century s brief era of catching up with the us program, or
    http://www.space.com/news/spacehistory/greatest_70s_991230.html
    SEARCH:
    advertisement
    Greatest Space Events of the 20th Century: The 70s
    By Andrew Chaikin

    posted: 11:12 am ET
    30 December 1999
    In this third of five articles, space.com's Andrew Chaikin continues a decade-by-decade look at the 20 th century's most significant developments in space. For NASA, the sixties had ended in triumph: Humans had walked on the moon and NASA had put them there. For the space agency, the success of the first lunar landing was an invitation to dream even bigger dreams. NASA administrator Tom Paine and his deputies planned a stunning array of space activities so extensive that they would live up to the vision presented in Collier's magazine in the 1950s. There would be space stations in Earth orbit, a base on the moon and human missions to Mars. But these dreams were met by a new, harsh reality: the 1960s "heyday" for space budgets was over. National priorities had shifted since John Kennedy had challenged the nation to a lunar landing by decade's end. The country was preoccupied with an ongoing struggle for civil rights and dissent over the war in Vietnam. The booming economy of the early 1960s had given way to concern over inflation. Space exploration no longer headed the Cold War agenda. And so, when the Nixon Administration responded to NASA's budget requests, Paine's grand vision fell by the wayside. More Stories
    Greatest Space Events of the 20th Century: The 60s

    Greatest Space Events of the 20th Century: The 50s

    Related Links
    Apollo image gallery
    NASA-JSC Digital Image Collection NASA History Office Russian Space History Only one element of the plan was preserved by the White House and Congress: A re-usable space shuttle that would ferry astronauts to and from Earth orbit. The shuttle would launch satellites, and serve as an orbiting research platform. And NASA promised it would lower the high cost of access to space.

    75. 20th Century History
    us POW/MIAs in Southeast Asia; Vietnam Combat Art; Vietnam on the Western Front , 19141918 - study of the War and the Shaping of the 20th century - PBS series
    http://www.cannylink.com/history20thcentury.htm
    History : 20th Century
    Cold War
    N.A.T.O. Cuban Missile Crises Holocaust ...
  • CNN - 1996 Year in Review

  • Cold War NATO
    • Allied Command Atlantic - one of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) two major military commands and the only one in North America. GI Joe OnLine 1996 - a newsletter for the NATO troops stationed in Bosnia, with articles that appear in the hard copy version mailed to Bosnia. Send greetings to your loved ones. Madrid NATO Summit - held Jul 8-9, 1997.

    76. Homework Center - Biographies
    contains a bibliography, webliography, chronology, study guide, information www.lva.lib.va.us/whoweare/exhibits htm Biography of early 20th century rodeo star
    http://www.multcolib.org/homework/biohc.html
    School Corps Library Catalog Library Databases Ask Us! ... Tareas Escolares
    Biographies:
    Biography Megasites
    African Americans

    Artists, Musicians and Performers

    Astronauts
    ...
    Women of the West
    Biography Megasites
    Biographies
    http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/B/
    Historical people related to American History.
    Biographical Dictionary
    http://www.s9.com/biography/
    Formerly named Notable Citizens of Planet Earth, this updated version is a biographical dictionary with over 19,000 people indexed.
    Biography
    http://www.infoplease.com/people.html
    More than 30,000 biographies from Infoplease.com.
    Biography.com
    http://www.biography.com/
    A database of 25,000 people - past and present.
    The Biography Maker
    http://www.bham.wednet.edu/bio/biomaker.htm
    "The Biography Maker is like those homework machines we have been hearing about for many years. It is designed to help you convert facts into insights, dull and boring information into fascination and magic."
    Colonial Hall: Biographies of the Founding Fathers
    http://www.colonialhall.com/biography.asp
    Biographies of all of the founding fathers who signed the Declaration of Independence. Each is approximately one page of text.

    77. Marian Apparitions Of The 20th Century
    A Directory of 20th century Apparitions. is that the Church has never begun to study the reported When explicitly approved, and known to us, the column bears
    http://www.udayton.edu/mary/resources/aprtable.html
    Marian Apparitions of the 20th Century A Directory of 20th Century Apparitions The Mary Page is now compiling a directory of the numerous reported Marian apparitions of the twentieth century. The Mary Page directory includes general information about the date the apparition occurred, its location, the number of people involved, and the decisions made (if any) by the Church about each apparition's approval/disapproval concerning faith expression and supernatural character. Modern Era The twentieth century has been rich in reported Apparitions of Our Blessed Mother. Apparitions of Our Blessed Lady have been reported on every continent on our globe. The seers have been people from many walks of life: men, women, and children. The locations where Marian Apparitions have occurred are numerous: large cities, remote areas, caves, churches, fields, homes, monasteries, and other places. Church's Approach "The Roman Catholic Church has prudently been cautious to approve, disapprove or condemn reported apparitions". In general, studied apparitions are classed as "not worthy of belief", "not contrary to the Faith", or "worthy of belief". The message of an approved apparition cannot have any content that is contrary to the teachings of the Church. Supernatural Character Prior to any classification, the local bishop appoints a committee to take testimony, investigate, study, and report its findings to the local bishop. On our Web page directory of Marian apparitions, we have two columns which pertain to the church's rulings for each apparition that we include in our list. One column pertains to the "supernatural character" of the apparitions. The approval of an apparition's supernatural character means that the case cannot be explained away due to an impediment in the visionary, nor as fraud, nor as a natural phenomenon, nor of demonic origin.

    78. Essays On U.S. History (20th Century) - 093-017
    Essays Helping college students write essays on mumerous academic topics
    http://www.essayfinder.com/categories/093-017.html
    *** Essays - Topics *** Essays on - Personal Finance Essays on - Corporate Finance Essays on - Economics Essays on - Economic Theory Essays on - Economic History Essays on - International Economics Essays on - International Finance Essays on - Misc. Economic Issues Essays on Africa Essays on Anthropology Essays on Argumentative / Pro-Con Essays on - Artists, Art Genre Essays on - Famous Works Of Art Essays on - Social Issues In Art Essays on - Political Issues In Art Essays on - Art From Ancient Cultures Essays on - Graphic Arts Essays on - Photography Essays on Asian Studies Essays on - The Phillipines Essays on - India Essays on - Miscellaneous Essays on Astronomy Essays on Biographies Essays on Black Studies Essays on - Black Social Issues Essays on - Black Politics Essays on - Black Philosophy Essays on - Racism Essays on - Historical Figures Essays on Business Management Essays on - Management Theory Essays on - Advertising Issues Essays on - Business Ethics

    79. Teaching The 20th-Century History Of The United States. ERIC Digest.
    the more important. He argues there is simply too much history to cover every little detail and offers six topics around which to study 20thcentury us history
    http://www.ericdigests.org/1992-5/history.htm
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    Source: ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education Bloomington IN.
    Teaching the 20th-Century History of the United States. ERIC Digest.
    It is important to reaffirm the teaching of recent United States history in secondary schools. Diane Ravitch and Chester E. Finn (1987, 84) state this well: "If we think it important that they [17-year-old students of 1986] understand the three decades between the Second World War and their own sixth birthdays [in 1975], we cannot expect this instructional job to be done for them by the daily newspapers or the nightly news; we have to teach this period as the history that it now is." Unfortunately, there are several obstacles to teaching this period of history, including time constraints, student apathy for the subject, and limited help from textbooks. This ERIC Digest (1) examines the coverage of 20th-century United States history; (2) discusses the consequences of limited coverage for student learning; (3) provides ideas on improvement of teaching and learning 20th-century United States history; and (4) lists ERIC resources dealing with all these facets of the topic.

    80. Trends In 20th Century US Government Ethics
    TRENDS IN 20th century UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ETHICS. of Woodrow Wilson s essay, The Study of Administration The us commitment to the merit principle was also
    http://www.columbia.edu/~sc32/ethiclsur1.html
    TRENDS IN 20TH CENTURY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ETHICS
    by Steven Cohen and William B. Eimicke, School of International and Public Affairs Columbia University
    Draft: February 19, 1998
    I. Views of Ethics in Public Administration As the twentieth century comes to a close, ethics is returning to the public sector reform agenda. Just as it was at the turn of this century the current focus is on the administrative branch of government. Then, as now, scandals involving elected officials prompted the reform initiatives. However, today there is far less consensus on the most appropriate elements of the reform agenda, perhaps reflecting a century of less than successful ethically-driven reforms. This paper provides a broad overview of what we see as five distinct eras of ethics reform in this century and a current debate which may well emerge as the initial reform agenda of the new millennium. The first era lasted from the late nineteenth century until the early 1970's and we have termed The Reform Era . This is the period where we attempted to separate politics from administration and established a professionalized public service. The second era reflected the great social, political and cultural changes that began in the 1960's and stimulated the establishment of the

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