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         Uruguay History:     more books (100)
  1. History of the Mormons in Uruguay by Nestor Curbelo, 2008-05-30
  2. The Author in the Office: Narrative Writing in Twentieth-Century Argentina and Uruguay (Monografías A) by P. R. Jordan, 2006-06-23
  3. Verdesio, Gustavo. Forgotten Conquests: Rereading New World History from the Margins. [Trans. of La invencion del Uruguay].(Resena de libro): An article from: Chasqui by Alice Reckley Vallejos, 2002-05-01
  4. The Politics of Social Policy Change in Chile and Uruguay: Retrenchment versus Maintenance, 1973-1998 (Latin American Studies: Social Sciences & Law) by Rossana Castiglioni, 2005-01-07
  5. Uruguay: Democracy at the Crossroads (Nations of Contemporary Latin America) by Martin Weinstein, 1988-01
  6. The Problem of Order in Changing Societies: Essays on Crime and Policing in Argentina and Uruguay, 1750-1940 by Lyman L. Johnson, 1990-03
  7. A Political Economy of Uruguay Since 1870 by Martin Henry John Finch, 1981-09
  8. The land mammals of Uruguay (Field Museum of Natural History. Publication 265) by Colin Campbell Sanborn, 1929
  9. History of the telephone and telegraph in Uruguay, 1886-1925, by Victor Maximilian Berthold, 1925
  10. Twentieth century impressions of Uruguay;: Its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources by Reginald Lloyd, 1912
  11. Functioning of the Gatt System (Gatt Uruguay Round, a Negotiating History) by Robert A. Weaver, Delphine A. Abellard, 1993-06
  12. Uruguay: Una historia breve by Silvia Dutrenit, 1994
  13. Historia del Uruguay: Desde la época indígena hasta nuestros días by M Schurmann Pacheco, 1960
  14. Los dominicos y la evangelizacion del Uruguay (Los Dominicos y America) by Alfonso Esponera Cerdan, 1992

21. Uruguay: History
You are here History. Uruguay. The range lands and forests of the easternshore of the Uruguay River have been inhabited for at least 10,000 years.
http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=180

22. Uruguay: Art History
Information system on the arts of uruguay history of Uruguayan art from itsbeginnings until the 20th century. Universes in Universe Worlds of Art.
http://www.universes-in-universe.de/america/ury/e-hist.htm
Visual arts - systematic directory of annotated links country map Start Art History Ancient Cultures Colonial Era 19th to the Early 20th Century Modern Art Tips, Sponsor Links Museo Municipal de Historia del Arte Originals and copies from various epochs of the history of universal art. Address: Calle Ejido,1326: 1er subsuelo. Montevideo. [es] Biennials worldwide Information, reports, calendar of regular exhibiitons Would you like to see your link here? More about... Uruguay Link suggestions Universes in Universe - Worlds of Art ... Newsletter updated: May 2004

23. Concepción Del Uruguay: History Of The City And Legends From The Area
Translate this page CONCEPCIÓN DEL URUGUAY, History and Legends, History. Nuestra Señorade la Inmaculada Concepción del Uruguay, como fuera su nombre
http://www.welcomeargentina.com/concepciondeluruguay/history.html
Saturday, June 12, 2004 Español    Search in Argentina
   LITTORAL AREA Chajarí
Colón

Concepción del Uruguay
Concordia

Corrientes

Eldorado

Formosa
...
Santa Fe

CONCEPCIÓN DEL URUGUAY
     History and Legends Nuestra Señora de la Inmaculada Concepción del Uruguay, como fuera su nombre primigenio, está emplazada sobre la margen derecha del Río Uruguay (vocablo guaraní que significa Río de los Pájaros o de las caracolas), siendo la capital de la cultura entrerriana, guarda el secreto de un atractivo especial para el viajero. En la región habitaban los aborígenes charrúas y guaraníes. Los charrúas vivían hacia el siglo XVII, en la mayor parte de la provincia de Entre Ríos. Eran altos y robustos y se dedicaban a la caza de venados y ñandúes, mientras que los charrúas del litoral practicaban la pesca en sus largas canoas. Complementaban su dieta con huevos de ñandú, cogollos de ceibo y frutos silvestres. Vivían en chozas construidas con ramas arqueadas, cuyos techos eran pieles de vaca o de caballo. Su vestimenta consistía en un delantal de algodón o de piel y en ocasiones de un manto de piel. Los guaraníes pertenecían a la gran familia lingüística tupi-guaraní. De estatura mediana, solían andar enteramente desnudos, a excepción de algunos adornos de plumas y pequeñas tangas. También acostumbraban a pintarse todo el cuerpo. Eran sedentarios. Construían chozas redondas, con paredes de barro y paja, o casas comunales de madera y hojas, en las que vivían varias familias.

24. Uruguay History
History. no significant vestiges of civilizations existing prior to the arrivalof European settlers were found in the territory of presentday Uruguay.
http://www.country-studies.com/uruguay/history.html
History
History Contents
FROM PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES TO THE CONQUEST

THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 1811-30

Artigas's Revolution, 1811-20

From Insurrection to State Organization, 1820-30
...
The Transition to Democracy, 1984-85
FROM PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES TO THE CONQUEST
In contrast to most Latin American countries, no significant vestiges of civilizations existing prior to the arrival of European settlers were found in the territory of present-day Uruguay. Lithic remains dating back 10,000 years have been found in the north of the country. They belonged to the Catalan and Cuareim cultures, whose members were presumably hunters and gatherers. Other peoples arrived in the region 4,000 years ago. They belonged to two groups, the Charrúa and the Tupí-Guaraní, classified according to the linguistic family to which they belonged. Neither group evolved past the middle or upper Paleolithic level, which is characterized by an economy based on hunting, fishing, and gathering. Other, lesser indigenous groups in Uruguay included the Yaro, Chaná, and Bohane. Presumably, the Chaná reached lower Neolithic levels with agriculture and ceramics. In the early sixteenth century, Spanish seamen searched for the strait linking the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Juan Díaz de Solís entered the Río de la Plata by mistake in 1516 and thus discovered the region. Charrúa Indians allegedly attacked the ship as soon as it arrived and killed everyone in the party except for one boy (who was rescued a dozen years later by Sebastian Cabot, an Englishman in the service of Spain). Although historians currently believe that Díaz de Solís was actually killed by the Guaraní, the "Charrúa legend" has survived, and Uruguay has found in it a mythical past of bravery and rebellion in the face of oppression. The fierce Charrúa would plague the Spanish settlers for the next 300 years.

25. Uruguay Travel, Uruguay Tourism, Uruguay Tours, Visit Uruguay, Montevideo Urugua
Uruguay Hoteles Uruguay Vacations - Uruguay Maps - Uruguay Diving - Uruguay Surf- Uruguay Turismo - Uruguay Weather - uruguay history - Everything you want
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Uruguay Travel
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Montevideo - Punta Del Este - Colonia - Fray Beeritos Mercedes - Piriapolis - Las Piedras - Nueva Palmira - Salto - Paysandu
Uruguay Travel, Uruguay Holidays, Uruguay Vacations, Uruguay Tours and Uruguayan Tourist Information is for Traveler's finding the most complete Uruguayan online travel information on the web - Uruguay Hotels - Uruguay Hoteles - Uruguay Vacations - Uruguay Maps - Uruguay Diving - Uruguay Surf - Uruguay Turismo - Uruguay Weather - Uruguay History - Everything you want to know about Traveling to Visit Uruguay and much more - Uruguay is on the Atlantic Coast in South America - It is between Brazil and Argentina with great beaches with wonderful Uruguay colonial cities - Punta del Este Uruguay, Piriapolis Uruguay and Las Piedras Uruguay are close by destinations to the capital Montevideo Uruguay - Travel Vacations/Packages Travel Insurance Air Fares Travel Books ... - Latin America Discount Airline Uruguay Related Travel Information Uruguay Travel Vacations/Packages Hotel Bookings in Uruguay Uruguay Travel Agents/Tour Operators Uruguay Hiking ... Airlines To/From/Within South America Uruguay Related Destinations: Brazil Travel Argentina Travel Paraguay Travel South America / Every Country ... 400+ Worldwide Travel Destinations The order of information on this web page: 1. General Information - List of Uruguay Web Sites - Huge Amounts of Information -

26. Uruguay History Results From Gezia.org
Gezia.org The Internet Information Repository. uruguay history. Updated2004-May-01 150409. uruguay history results listed below
http://uruguay.gezia.org/uruguay-history.html
uruguay history
Updated 2004-May-20 15:04:09
uruguay history results listed below:
Click on any dataset below to retrieve information
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Title: Study Abroad in Uruguay
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These searches may be useful as well

27. Uruguay History
uruguay history. montevideo uruguay products. uruguay map features.flag of uruguay features. total uruguay and best uruguay picture.
http://bh90210.us/lyrics/uruguay-history.htm
Uruguay history
Home montevideo uruguay uruguay map flag of uruguay ... population uruguay montevideo uruguay by uruguay map uruguay weather flag of uruguay and total uruguay, uruguay picture, conrad uruguay.
flag of uruguay recipe uruguay of sports uruguay and uruguay history. About currency uruguay food uruguay. La Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de la República es la única Institución pública de Educación Superior del Uruguay en Ingeniería. Su historia comienza en 1888 y le ha correspondido la respo diario el pais uruguay and uruguay newspaper etc.
uruguay city of punta del este uruguay, Facultad de Ingeniería - Universidad de la República uruguay culture, travel to uruguay. The noticias uruguay to information uruguay etc. colonia uruguay. The uruguay gay by de diarios uruguay. The radio uruguay etc.
uruguay fact, uruguay news.
de fotos uruguay economy uruguay, Facultad de Ingeniería - Universidad de la República capital of uruguay is periodicos uruguay and de radio uruguay, uruguay chat, de periodicos uruguay. About bandera uruguay diarios uruguay etc. el pais uruguay is uruguay music of diario la republica uruguay. The de fotos uruguay, prensa uruguay is uruguay soccer. La Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de la República es la única Institución pública de Educación Superior del Uruguay en Ingeniería. Su historia comienza en 1888 y le ha correspondido la respo

28. WWW-VL History Index - Uruguay
WWWVL history uruguay. PLEASE NOTE that this site is currently without a maintainer, and needs one if URL http//www.cc.ukans.edu/history/VL/ americas/uruguay.html
http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/americas/uruguay.html
WWW-VL HISTORY: URUGUAY
ABOUT THIS NETWORK. If you are still interested or have any questions, please e-mail Lynn Harry Nelson [lhnelson@raven.cc.ku.edu].
Click here for:
The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) Main Catalog
The WWW-VL search facility.
The WWW-VL History Central Catalogue Click Here to access the Mirror at Florence, Italy
Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA

29. Uruguay Maps, Pictures, History And More
uruguay facts, maps, history, travel guides, and embassy information.
http://www.worldrover.com/country/uruguay_main.html

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    Uruguay
    Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassy info, flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email us if you have any questions or suggestions.
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    source: CIA World Factbook 1999
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  • 30. Uruguay
    Very basic information on the land, its people, history and government.
    http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108124.html
    in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia
    Infoplease Tools

    31. Countries Of The World
    Countries around the world. United Kingdom. United States. uruguay. Uzbekistan. Vanuatu. Vatican City Flags of Countries. Current Weather. history of Countries. Online Discussion
    http://www.emulateme.com/history/urughist.htm
    CountryReports.org 2004 Edition Countries profiled from around the world. Here you will find over 6,600 pages and 6,400 related links on over 260 countries! Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Arctic Ocean Aruba Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Congo, Democratic Rep. Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Gaza Strip Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau

    32. Uruwashi
    Welcome to the Web Site of the Embassy Of uruguay in Washington, DC. Here you will find diverse and practical information about our country and people.
    http://www.embassy.org/uruguay/history.htm

    Elecciones Nacionales
    National Elections Voluntary Consular Registration Welcome to the Web Site of the Embassy Of Uruguay in Washington, DC. Here you will find diverse and practical information about our country and people. It describes our mission and activities in the United States, as well as the services to our fellow citizens. Acceso a Información en idioma Español

    33. Columbus World Travel Guide - South America - Uruguay - History And Government
    World Travel Guide uruguay - history and Government - includesinformation on the constitution and politics.
    http://www.travel-guide.com/data/ury/ury580.asp
    OAS_sitepage = URL + '/SouthAmerica/Uruguay/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Uruguay hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses
    Overview

    General Information

    Passport/Visa
    ... South America /Uruguay URUGUAY History and Government
    History: The final split between the two cities was triggered in 1808, by the overthrow of the Spanish King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon, in favour of the latter’s brother, Joseph. Soon afterwards, the military governor of Montevideo, Javier Elio, successfully lobbied to allow him control of the city independent of Buenos Aires, while paying nominal subservience to King Ferdinand. In 1810, the criollos of Buenos Aires – descendants of Spanish families who had emigrated to South America – unseated the Spanish Viceroy. But in the interior, in the region known as the Banda Oriental , most of the population backed the new regime in Buenos Aires and rallied to a regional military commander, Jose Artigas, in opposition to Elio. Although Artigas’ 9-year military campaign was ultimately unsuccessful – he was eventually exiled to Paraguay, where he died in 1850 – it laid the seeds of Uruguayan independence. Artigas himself is now recognised, along with Bolivar, Zapata and others, as one of the founding fathers of the independent nations of South America. His example and the political momentum it had created inspired others, notably Juan Antonio Lavalleja, whose ‘Liberation Crusade’ finally led to the 1825 declaration of independence by the political representatives of the

    34. MapZones.com History
    uruguay, history, Back to Top. When spaniards discovered the territoryof presentday uruguay in 1516, they found only a rolling prairie
    http://www.mapzones.com/world/south_america/uruguay/historyindex.php
    Country Info Uruguay Introduction Uruguay General Data Uruguay Maps Uruguay Culture ... Uruguay Time and Date Uruguay History Back to Top The conquistadors imported cattle, which were well suited to the region, with its abundant pastureland, temperate climate, and ample water supply. Cattle soon became the main source of wealth and consequently the main attraction of the region, and the territory was opened up by hardy pioneers and gauchos, or cowboys, whose wide-ranging way of life contributed in no small part to the spirit of independence that has long characterized Uruguay. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early eighteenth century as a military stronghold. The Spanish fleet used its natural harbor, which soon developed into a commercial center competing with Buenos Aires, the Argentine capital established on the opposite shore of the Río de la Plata. The move to independence began, as elsewhere in Latin America, in the early nineteenth century. Uruguay's revolt against Spain was initiated in 1811 by José Gervasio Artigas, a gaucho chieftain who became a hero of the independence movement. Artigas is known to Uruguayans as the father of Uruguayan independence, although his attempt to gain autonomy for the country within the boundaries of a regional federation was unsuccessful. Independence was not finally and formally achieved until 1828, following a war between Brazil and Uruguayan patriots supported by Argentina. British diplomatic mediation ended the conflict and resulted in the recognition of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay) as an independent state. Nevertheless, civil wars, invasions, and foreign intervention continued to disrupt the nation's development until the end of the nineteenth century.

    35. Uruguay/History - Encyclopedia Article About Uruguay/History. Free Access, No Re
    encyclopedia article about uruguay/history. uruguay/history in Free onlineEnglish dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. uruguay/history.
    http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Uruguay/History
    Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia
    Uruguay/History
    Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition The only inhabitants of Uruguay The Oriental Republic of Uruguay is a country in southern South America, bordered by Brazil to the north, the Uruguay River to the west, the estuary of the Rio de la Plata (River Plate) to the southwest, with Argentina on the other bank of both, and finally the South Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. República Oriental del Uruguay
    (In Detail)
    Click the link for more information. before European colonization of the area were the Charrua Indians, a small tribe driven south by the Guarani Indians The Guarani are a tribal people indigenous to Paraguay and some regions of Argentina, Brazil and Bolivia. They were described for the first time in 1903 by Croatian explorers Mirko and Stjepan Seljan. See also: Guarani language, Guarani mythology
    Click the link for more information. of Paraguay The Republic of Paraguay is a landlocked republic in South America. Lying on both banks of the Paraguay River, it borders Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the northeast and Bolivia to the northwest. República del Paraguay
    (In Detail)
    National motto: Paz y justicia
    (Peace and justice)
    Official languages Spanish and Guarani
    Click the link for more information.

    36. Uruguay - History
    history. uruguay Table of Contents
    http://countrystudies.us/uruguay/2.htm
    History
    Uruguay Table of Contents History Contents
    FROM PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES TO THE CONQUEST

    THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 1811-30

    Artigas's Revolution, 1811-20

    From Insurrection to State Organization, 1820-30
    ...
    The Transition to Democracy, 1984-85
    FROM PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES TO THE CONQUEST
    In contrast to most Latin American countries, no significant vestiges of civilizations existing prior to the arrival of European settlers were found in the territory of present-day Uruguay. Lithic remains dating back 10,000 years have been found in the north of the country. They belonged to the Catalan and Cuareim cultures, whose members were presumably hunters and gatherers. Other peoples arrived in the region 4,000 years ago. They belonged to two groups, the Charrúa and the Tupí-Guaraní, classified according to the linguistic family to which they belonged. Neither group evolved past the middle or upper Paleolithic level, which is characterized by an economy based on hunting, fishing, and gathering. Other, lesser indigenous groups in Uruguay included the Yaro, Chaná, and Bohane. Presumably, the Chaná reached lower Neolithic levels with agriculture and ceramics. In the early sixteenth century, Spanish seamen searched for the strait linking the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Juan Díaz de Solís entered the Río de la Plata by mistake in 1516 and thus discovered the region. Charrúa Indians allegedly attacked the ship as soon as it arrived and killed everyone in the party except for one boy (who was rescued a dozen years later by Sebastian Cabot, an Englishman in the service of Spain). Although historians currently believe that Díaz de Solís was actually killed by the Guaraní, the "Charrúa legend" has survived, and Uruguay has found in it a mythical past of bravery and rebellion in the face of oppression. The fierce Charrúa would plague the Spanish settlers for the next 300 years.

    37. History Of Uruguay
    uruguay s early19th century history was shaped by ongoing fights between the British,Spanish, Portuguese, and colonial forces for dominance in the Argentina
    http://www.worldrover.com/history/uruguay_history.html
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    Uruguay
    HISTORY
    The only inhabitants of Uruguay before European colonization of the area were the Charrua Indians, a small tribe driven south by the Guarani Indians of Paraguay. The Spanish discovered the territory of present-day Uruguay in 1516, but the Indians' fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the absence of gold and silver, limited settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish introduced cattle, which became a source of wealth in the region. Spanish colonization increased as Spain sought to limit Portugal's expansion of Brazil's frontiers. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold; its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial center competing with Argentina's capital, Buenos Aires. Uruguay's early-19th century history was shaped by ongoing fights between the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and colonial forces for dominance in the Argentina-Brazil-Uruguay region. In 1811, Jose Gervasio Artigaswho became Uruguay's national herolaunched a revolt against Spain which resulted in the formation of a regional federation with Argentina. In 1821, Uruguay was annexed to Brazil by Portugal, but Uruguayan patriots declared independence from Brazil in 1825. With the support of Argentine troops and after three years of fighting, they defeated Brazilian forces. The 1828 Treaty of Montevideo brought Uruguay independence, and the nation's first constitution was adopted in 1830. The remainder of the 19th century under a series of elected and appointed presidents saw interventions by, and conflicts with, neighboring states, political and economic fluctuations, and large inflows of immigrants, mostly from Europe.
  • 38. History Of Uruguay
    From the 16th century to modern times, taken from the Area Handbook of the US Library of Congress.
    http://www.motherearthtravel.com/uruguay/history.htm
    History of Uruguay
    Mother Earth Travel Country Index Uruguay Map ... Economy History
    Contents
    Introduction

    Historical Setting

    From Pre-Columbian Times to the Conquest

    The Struggle for Independence, 1811-1830
    ...
    The Military Government, 1973-1985

    INTRODUCTION URUGUAY USED TO BE KNOWN as the "Switzerland of South America," but clearly not because of any geographical similarity. Although it is the second smallest country in South America (after Suriname), Uruguay is more than four times larger than landlocked Switzerland, and its highest peak is only 501 meters. Rather, the analogy was made because Uruguay enjoyed other Swiss-like attributes. It was a peaceful, conservative country with a bountiful, livestock-based economy. It was also home to South America's first social democracy; a cradle-to-grave welfare system; and a largely urban, homogeneous, and relatively well- educated population. A political slogan of the 1940s proudly boasted, "There's no place like Uruguay." Beginning with the prolonged stagnation of their country's industrial and livestock sectors in the mid-1950s, however, Uruguayans began losing their economic well-being, civility, and tranquillity. By the late 1960s, Uruguay was suffering from high inflation and public deficits and was governed by an authoritarian president, instead of by the former revolving collegial executive (

    39. Flesh Wetsuits Uruguay - History
    uruguay is a country with chilly winters. Between 1987 y 1997, FLESH wasconsolidated in the uruguay as the first and major surfing industry.
    http://www.fleshwetsuits.com/en/history.htm
    Here we are at the REEF CLASSIC 97, with our Surfing Team
    From left to right: Indro Montanelli, Pancho Gomez, Todd Holland, Tenaza De Sosa, Diego Rigabert y Bita Gimenez. With the surfboard is Luisma Iturria.
    Uruguay is a country with chilly winters. Even during the summer the water is usually under 17ºC. In 1985, Pancho Gomez and Diego Rigabert decided that it was time to go surfing without freezing. They started renting a house in Montevideo which was simultaneously the factory and Diego's home. The first wetsuits were born there. It wasn't easy. They were hand cutted and then sewn with an "Elgin" home sewing machine and an overlock machine that it wasn't even for sewing neoprene. But the quality of the materials used (all Japanese made) and the effort to produce a quality wetsuit became what FLESH is today. Later in 1987, they decided to move to Punta del Este, the major summer resort in Uruguay and considered as the most exclusive of South America. They rented a new factory building with much more working space than before. This was the first step to an industrial production of wetsuits. At the same time, they also opened the store at Punta del Este, which is now a classic for surfers. The FLESH brand was beginning to be recognized by South American surfers and considered as excellent quality and design.

    40. Travel In Montevideo, Uruguay - History
    Montevideo history. uruguay s aboriginal inhabitants were the CharruaIndians, a hunter-gatherer people who cared little for outsiders.
    http://www.americatravelling.net/uruguay/montevideo/montevideo_history.htm
    Montevideo - History Uruguay's aboriginal inhabitants were the Charrua Indians, a hunter-gatherer people who cared little for outsiders. They killed the explorer Juan Diaz de Solis and most of his party when the Spaniards encountered them in 1516. By the 17th century, the Charrua's had prospered and, abandoning hostilities, began trading with the Spanish. In 1680, the Portuguese founded Colonia on the estuary of the Rio de la Plata as a rival to Spanish-held Buenos Aires on the opposite shore. Spain responded by building its own citadel at Montevideo. Uruguayan hero Jose Artigas fought against the Spanish but was unable to prevent a Brazilian takeover of the Banda (the original name of the eastern shore of the Rio de la Plata). Exiled to Paraguay, he inspired the "33 Orientales" who, with Argentine support, liberated the area in 1828 and established Uruguay as an independent buffer state between Argentina and Brazil. Uruguay's fragile independence was repeatedly threatened during the 19th century - militarily by Argentina and Brazil, and economically by Britain. Federalist forces in collusion with Argentina besieged Montevideo from 1838-51 and helped create two warring political parties, the Blancos and the Colorados. Around the same time, the British introduced new wool, meat and rail industries. They also replaced the rangy criollo stock with their own cattle, thus commercializing one of the country's few abundant resources. For the remainder of the century, the contest between the Blancos and Colorados continued, immersing the country in civil war, dictatorship and political intrigue.

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