1. Africa South Of The Sahara - Culture And Society An annotated guide to internet resources on african culture and society. architecture, Islam and indigenous african cultures, Shawabtis and her course peoples and Cultures of africa has information include Zambia, Hutu, tutsi, Zulu identity, the Yoruba http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/culture.html

Topics Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: Individual Countries Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Africa e Mediterraneo (Roma : Istituto sindacale per la cooperazione allo sviluppo) In Italian. A quarterly magazine about African culture and society. Has the table of contents. Topics covered: literature and theatre, music and dance, visual arts (painting, sculpture, photography), cinema, immigration. Owned by Lai-momo, a non-profit co-operative. Contact: redazione@africaemediterraneo.it [KF] http://www.africaemediterraneo.it Africa: One Continent. Many Worlds Extensive site for the traveling art exhibit from the Field Museum, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County

2. Africa theory is that more advanced Kushite peoples from the Ethiopian highlands came to dominate the indigenous Bantu. to be ancestors of the tutsi peoples of modern http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/africa3a.html

Africa Some 5 million years ago a type of hominid, a close evolutionary ancestor of present-day humans, inhabited southern and eastern Africa. More than 1.5 million years ago this toolmaking hominid developed into the more advanced forms Homo habilis and Homo erectus. The earliest true human being in Africa, Homo sapiens, dates from more than 200,000 years ago. A hunter-gatherer capable of making crude stone tools, Homo sapiens banded together with others to form nomadic groups; eventually these nomadic San peoples spread throughout the African continent. Distinct races date from approximately 10,000 BC. Gradually a growing Negroid population, which had mastered animal domestication and agriculture, forced the San groups into the less hospitable areas. In the 1st century AD the Bantu, one group of this dominant people, began a migration that lasted some 2000 years, settling most of central and southern Africa. Negroid societies typically depended on subsistence agriculture or, in the savannas, pastoral pursuits. Political organization was normally local, although large kingdoms would later develop in western and central Africa. see Aksum, Kingdom of

3. IPACC - Regional Information: Central Africa Under the tutsi kings, some Batwa Pygmies served legacy of French political ideology (see West africa). to ignore the needs of indigenous peoples assuming that http://www.ipacc.org.za/regional/regional.asp?Region=Central_Africa

4. Kingdoms Of Africa Kingdoms Of africa. africa was the homeland of several great civilizations dominate the indigenous Bantu. Other Kushites are believed to be ancestors of the tutsi peoples of modern http://www.afrc.af.mil/910AW/Black History Web/kingdoms_of_africa.htm

Kingdoms Of Africa Africa was the homeland of several great civilizations. On the gold-rich coast alone, which became the primary area for the capture and sale of Africans into slavery, were the kingdoms of Ghana, Benin, Mali, Ashanti, and the Songhai Empire. These early societies featured highly democratic forms of government with military divisions and profitable trade relations with European and Asian nations as well as with other smaller communities throughout the continent. They were also noted for their educational and cultural institutions. Many factors contributed to the decline of these kingdoms, inclluding the growth of the slave trade. The map right shows the major kingdoms on the African continent. East African Kingdoms kabaka ("king"). Farther to the south, in Rwanda, a cattle-raising pastoral aristocracy founded by the Chwezi (alternatively called Tutsi, or Hima in this area) ruled over settled Bantu peoples from the 16th century onward. Central African Kingdoms Bantu-speaking peoples moving east from the Congo region during the 1st millennium AD are thought to have assimilated local Stone Age peoples. Later Bantu immigrants, called the Karanga, were the ancestors of the present-day Shona people. The Karanga began constructing the Great Zimbabwe, an impressive stone compound housing the royal court, which became the center of powerful gold-trading state. They also formed the Mwene Mutapa Empire, which derived its wealth from large-scale gold mining. At its height in the 15th century, its sphere of influence stretched from the Zambezi River to the Kalahari to the Indian Ocean and to the Limpopo River.

5. 'New Right', Neo-pagans, Ecology And Indigenous People and social unit in precolonial africa It sometimes sizeable herd of cattle was called tutsi and was And indigenous peoples themselves, how do they look upon http://www.stelling.nl/simpos/new_right.htm

'The Right to be Different' The alarming interest of the "New Right" in indigenous peoples Nederlandse versie A well-known expression of indigenous peoples is: "The Earth does not belong to us, we belong to the Earth." Man is only a small part of Creation, and he should not be its ruler. This view communicates a respectful, humble attitude towards nature. But with some evil will, this expression of relatedness with all that lives can easily be associated with dangerous "Blut und Boden"-thinking. In this regard, it could be instructive to look back in history to see how feelings of connection to nature have been misused in pre-Second World War Germany. Today, again, radical-rightist groups are standing up which pride themselves in saying that their conduct is being guided by "the laws of nature". Next to that, they claim to be big proponents of cultural self-determination, even - or expressly - for indigenous peoples. The National-Socialists promoted a return to a more simple, healthier and natural lifestyle, and introduced the concept of a "Nordic peasantry" organically tied to the earth. Part of that became a scientifically grounded Volksreligion, which proclaimed the sacredness of nature, and which celebrated man's immanent unity with the "mysteries of the blood". It was Hitler himself who declared that men "owe their higher existence ... to the knowledge and ruthless application of nature's stern and rigid laws." One Nazi author put it this way: "man is a link in the chain of living nature just as any other organism." This "religion of nature", the roots of which go back to German Romanticism and Idealism, was a core element of National Socialist ideology. An ideology which was based on anti-modern sentiments, but nevertheless formed the base for building a technologically ultra-modern, extreme nationalist and genocidal state.

6. Uganda On The Internet An annotated guide to internet resources on Uganda. the tutsi in Central africa indigenous knowledge in environmental conservation in africa " Has full text reports in Adobe PDF format "Protecting africa's Trees" "Forest peoples http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/uganda.html

Countries : Uganda Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home Uganda on the Internet See also: Uganda News Abuyudaya Jews of Uganda Jewish Virtual Library : http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Judaism/uganda.html Kulanu : Information on the Abayudaya Jews of Uganda , Jewish communities in Cape Verde Eritrea Ethiopia Ghana ... Zimbabwe . http://www.kulanu.org/ Acholi Peace. Acholi Religious Leaders Peace Initiative Information about the war in Northern Uganda from Acholi civil society leaders. Background to the 15 year war instigated by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), information on forceful recruitment by the Ugandan army, reports on mediation efforts. Has the full text of Seventy Times Seven. The Impact of the Amnesty Law in Acholi ," compiled and written by Father Carlos Rodriguez, Kathryn Smith Derksen, and Sarah Juliet Akera; recounts the return of formerly abducted adults and children. The Acholi Religious Leaders' Peace Initiative is based in Gulu, Uganda. http://www.acholipeace.org Action for Orphans In English and French. Site of the Association François-Xavier Bagnoud on

7. Education World® - *Social Sciences : Area Studies : Africa : Rwanda Association of Concerned africa Scholars Association of international about this group of indigenous people in Rwanda of the Hutu and tutsi peoples. From Backgroundbriefing.com http://db.educationworld.com/perl/browse?cat_id=3679

8. Forest Peoples Programme - Publications Twa relations with the Hutu and tutsi and presents indigenous rights in africa established international norms and principles of indigenous peoples’ rights. http://forestpeoples.gn.apc.org/body_publications.htm

Publications and Documents FPP reports and briefing papers Briefings FPP publications Latest publications April 2004 Indigenous Lands or National Parks? Cultural Survival Quarterly In Search of Recognition January 2004 Una guiá para los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en la Organización Internacional del Trabajo December 2003 November 2003 Extracting promises Extrayendo Promesas Aug/Sept 2003 Indigenous peoples and protected areas in Africa from principles to practice Les peuples autochtones et les aires protégées en Afrique du principe à la pratique From principles to practice September 2003 Salvaging nature . Indigenous Peoples, Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation Naturaleza cercada . Pueblos indígenas, áreas protegidas y conservación de la biodiversidad Nature sauvage, nature sauv ée ? Peuples autochtones, zones protégées et conservation de la biodiversité The list below details in date order, recent and past FPP publications that are available on request from Julie Manning at julie@forestpeoples.org

9. WRM Bulletin Nº 62 - Africa / September 2002 Parc des Volcans (the oldest park in africa, created in Batwa (socalled Pygmies) are the indigenous peoples of south The tutsi moved into the area after 1550. http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/62/AF.html

WRM Bulletin To download the bulletin in RTF format click here For free subscription Previous issues Issue Number 62 - September 2002 Focused on Indigenous Peoples Index Viewpoint Asia Americas ... General AFRICA Cameroon: Bagyeli struggling to be heard Kenyan Indigenous Group Faces October 1 Court Date Rwanda: Dispossessed Twa people press for recognition Uganda: The Batwa organize to reassert their rights LOCAL STRUGGLES AND NEWS - Cameroon: Bagyeli struggling to be heard Since the 19th century the land rights of forest dwellers in Cameroon have not figured in the major decisions by the rulers. All forest lands, defined as vacant and without owners "vacant et sans maitres" became property of the state, and many forests were then opened for timber exploitation, which closed those areas for hunting by Bagyeli, Baka, and other so-called "Pygmy" hunter gathering communities, whose presence across Southern Cameroon predates the colonial State. Secondly, new restrictions on hunting and forest access in Bagyeli traditional areas near the border with Equatorial Guinea were brought about by the gazettement of Campo Ma'an National Park. The protection of this important area, which is traversed by a road used to export timber, forms part of the environmental compensation for the pipeline. However, its new status as national park means that Bagyeli hunting and gathering communities who have operated there since recorded history face being criminalised for continuing to pursue their livelihoods. These examples illustrate a total disregard of local land tenure and livelihood systems by those who prepared the pipeline plans.

10. Beyond Tribalism: Seeking A New Cultural Identity For East Africa question of which East African peoples appear in Those familiar with predominant indigenous groups throughout as Ankole, Buganda, Maasai, Toro, tutsi, or Acholi http://www.theartroom-sf.com/Beyond Tribalism.htm

Beyond Tribalism: Seeking a New Cultural Identity for East Africa An analysis and interview with artist James Kitamirike exploring cultural and personal elements within several of his paintings. Presumptions of tradition The subject matter chosen by artist James Kitamirike An understanding of the complex mosaic of prevailing cultures throughout East Africa reveals that cultural elements depicted in Kitamirike’s works converge in a completely new way. Instead of straight-forward representation, Kitamirike’s unique "cultural impressions" introduced within these works assemble a new vision for East Africa’s cultural legacy. Beyond representation: a question of cultural identity Examples of culture swapping Those familiar with predominant indigenous groups throughout the region are struck by the apparent paradox of "Beauty". Often with alarm, questions: "Where is this woman from? There is no tribe which dresses exactly like that, wears such jewelry, and appears this way! Her jewelry is from Kenya, her clothes are from Mali, and her features perhaps Ethiopian? It’s a beautiful image, yes, but it’s incorrect." It isn’t long before more "incorrect" cultural combinations are discovered within Kitamirike’s works. "

11. National Museum Of African Art Debuts Historic Congo Photo Exhibit by a European photographer traveling among the tutsi people in what of western and white attitudes towards the indigenous peoples of central africa who were http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/blackhis/a120602.htm

Gateway 06 December 2002 National Museum of African Art Debuts Historic Congo Photo Exhibit Images of colonial Africa enthrall Washington audiences By Bruce Greenberg Washington File Staff Writer Washington She peers majestically though disinterestedly down from a high-tech projection screen overlooking all who enter, an image of Africa captured long ago by a European photographer traveling among the Tutsi people in what is now Rwanda. She was queen mother to King Mutara III Rudahigwa, captured on film by an obscure Russian named Casimir Zagourski, who devoted the last twenty years of his life to recording the lives of the peoples of the Belgian Congo, known as the Congo Free State, at the turn of the last century. The two have been restored to life in a new exhibit "In and Out of Focus: Images from Central Africa, 1885-1960" that opened at the Smithsonian's National Museum of African Art December 6 and running through March 16, 2003. Zagourski's collection comprises a major portion of the exhibit, but there are photographs taken by anonymous amateurs, missionaries, colonial officials, curious tourists and jaded aristocrats and royalty, including Queen Elizabeth of Belgium. As a whole, they unearth a time capsule of western and white attitudes towards the indigenous peoples of central Africa who were by and large regarded as children and treated as chattel.

12. Cultural Survival a handpicked tribal minority (tutsi) was placed in when the colonists outnumber the indigenous peoples, as in in Uganda, Indians in East africa, Indians and http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/csq/csq_article.cfm?id=000001CB-000

13. Forgotten People: The Batwa 'Pygmy' Of The Great Lakes Region Of Africa - Bullet also killed for fear that they were tutsi sympathizers. a broader term for the indigenous huntergatherer for Tribal peoples, the ‘Pygmy’ peoples in africa http://www.refugeesinternational.org/cgi-bin/ri/bulletin?bc=00625

14. QUOTES ON RACE RACISM Are indigenous peoples merely not inferior? The tutsi of central africa, the Bedouin of the certain Mediterranean and Arabic populations, and people in India. http://homepage.eircom.net/~odyssey/Quotes/Life/Science/Race.html

Even if it were proved - which it is not - that the incidence of men of potentially superior brain power is greater among the members of certain races than among the members of others, it would still tell us nothing about any given individual and it would be irrelevent to one's judgment of him. A genius is still a genius, regardless of the number of morons who belong to the same race. - Ayn Rand, "The Virtue of Selfishness" If races exist, then one must be supreme. Much of the Race Does Not Exist cant stems from the following logic (if you can call it logic): "If there really are different racial groups, then one must be The Master Race, which means - oh my God - that Hitler Was Right! Therefore, we must promote whatever ideas most confuse the public about race. Otherwise, they will learn the horrible truth and they'll all vote Nazi." - Steve Sailer, "Seven Dumb Ideas About Race" # RACIAL DIFFERENCES Are indigenous peoples merely not inferior? In truth, on their own turf many ethnic groups appear to be somewhat genetically superior to outsiders. Many people appear to confuse the concepts of genetic superiorities (plural) and genetic supremacy (singular). The former are circumstance-specific. For example, a slim, heat-shedding Somalian-style body is inferior to a typically stocky, heat-conserving Eskimo physique in Nome, but it's superior in Mogadishu. In contrast, genetic supremacy is the dangerous fantasy that one group is best at everything. Before the European explosion began in the 15th Century, it seemed apparent that no race could be supreme. Even the arrogant Chinese were periodically overrun by less-cultured barbarians. The recent European supremacy in both the arts of war and of peace was partly an optical illusion masking the usual tradeoffs in talents within Europe (e.g., Italian admirals were as inept as English cooks). Still, the rise and reign of Europe remains the biggest event in world history. Yet, the era when Europeans could plausibly claim supremacy over all other races has been dead for at least the 60 years since Hitler, of all people, allied with Japan.

15. List Of Ethnic Groups Tutchone; tutsi of Rwanda and southern africa; Tuvan Zhuang; Zulu - of southern africa; Zuni - of the ethnic groups in Laos; Northern indigenous peoples of Russia. http://www.fact-index.com/l/li/list_of_ethnic_groups.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index List of ethnic groups This is a list of names of ethnic groupss . A group can have several names (e.g., names in English language and in native language, obsolete names, versions of spelling, etc.) A B C D ... Z A Abenaki Native Americans once widespread in eastern North America Abkhaz - Minority in Georgia Turkey and Russia Abkhazia Acadian French-Canadians of the Canadian Maritimes Accohannock - Native Americans of Maryland Achang Yunnan China Achomawai - Native Americans of California Acoma - Native Americans of the southwest United States and Mexico Adja Afar Ethiopia ... African-American - Descendants of African slaves brought to North America Afrikaan - Dutch -descended settlers of southern Africa Agni Ahtna - Native Alaskans, along the Copper River Aimaks - Minority group in Afghanistan Aimaq - Minority group in Afghanistan Ainu - Natives of Japan and Sakhalin Aja Ak Chin Akan Akha Alabama-Coushatta Alak Albanian - from the Balkans Aleut - natives of Alaska, and the Yukon Nunavut and Northwest Territories Algonquian Native Americans of the eastern United States and Canada Altay - of Siberian Russia Americo-Liberians - descendants of African slaves repatriated to Liberia Amhara Ethiopia Amish ... North American religious minority, of

16. RWANDA-US: Papers Imply Hutu Hard-Liners Downed President's Plane Secretary of State for africa Prudence Bushnell killing prominent Hutu and tutsi civilians, Rwandan indigenous peoples American Indians Take Charge of Healing. http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=23238

17. RIGHTS-RWANDA: Can The Gacaca Courts Deliver Justice? Haavisto, who researches Central africa for Amnesty members of Rwanda s minority tutsi group, which indigenous peoples American Indians Take Charge of Healing. http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=23234

18. Vive Le Canada - Genocide In Africa And The So-Called War On Terror new reign of terror falling on the indigenous peoples of Darfur Genocide in africa and the SoCalled War on Then they started killing tutsi civilians Rwandan http://www.vivelecanada.ca/article.php?story=20040407120830209

19. GfbV's Mandate Sudanese peoples and Nuba in Sudan, tutsi and Batwa colonialism, the borders in Asia, africa or South World Bank, the rights of indigenous peoples are eithert http://www.gfbv.de/gfbv_e/structur/mandat-e.htm

last update: 16/02/2000 Urgent Projects Worldwide For peace in Europe Arms Trade as a Cause for Minority Conflicts Free Trade against Human Rights Write to us when you would like to know more A round the globe minorities are oppressed and persecuted. From the destruction of the Armenians and Assyrians in Turkey to the holocaust of the Jews, Sinti and Roma, the deportation of the peoples of the Caucasians during Stalin’s dictatorship until the genocide of the Amazonian Indians, Eritreans, South Sudanese peoples and Nuba in Sudan, Tutsi and Batwa in Ruanda, Chittagong Hill Tract tribal people as well as East Timorese and West Papuans, these are some examples of the persecution and destruction of minorities in the 20th century. During colonialism, the borders in Asia, Africa or South America were drawn according to the strategies and economic interests of the European “motherlands”. Because ethnic and cultural contexts were mostly ignored in this process, the peoples were divided - for example, the Kurds who today live in four different states in the Middle East. For Peace in Europe A s war in declining Yugoslavia broke out in 1991, after 46 years of peace in Europe, the GfbV campaigned vehemently for an end to the Serbian attack on Croatia and Bosnia, the genocide of the Bosnian muslims as well as the terror directed against the Albainians in Kosovo. In addition, the GfbV sharply condemned the Russian assault on Chechnya as it was tolerated by the Western governments as Russian “internal affairs”. After the Dayton Peace Agreement in December 1995, we campaigned against the decision of the German Minister of the Interior to rashly deport more than 300,000 Bosnian refugees and exilees from Germany while up to 3,000 war criminals still held civil and military positions in the Serbian occupied area of Bosnia. We demanded that the Dayton security forces undertake the imprisonment and delivery of the war criminals to the tribunal in the Haag, as well as the establishment of freedom of movement and democracy in Bosnia.

20. MOST Ethno-Net Publication: Anthropology Of Africa the incorporation of the various indigenous african peoples Laurent Kabila was supported by tutsi and other Murdock, GP (1959) africa Its People and their http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/pubs/p95modo.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA PUBLICATIONS Anthropology of Africa and the Challenges of the Third Millennium - Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts, PAAA / APA, 1999 An Anthropologist’s View of Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts in Africa I.V.O. Modo Department of Social Anthropology/Sociology National University of Lesotho P.O. Roma 180 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Ethnicity denotes an extreme consciousness of and loyalty to a particular linguistic and cultural group unidentified with any other group (Udoh 1998:38). Such groups usually possess myth of origin, traceable to an epical ancestor or ancestress. With a strong ruling house such ethnic groups like the Yoruba, Edo, Fante were able to organize themselves into Empire or Kingdoms, conquering and incorporating other lesser ethnic groups as vassals. With the coming of colonial masters, treaties were signed with such kingdoms wherever they existed; especially during the 17th and 18th centuries (Bradbury et al 1965; Igbafe 1972). Origin of ethnicity in Africa Ethnicity in post-colonial Africa is principally a response to the new social structure the indigenous people found themselves in during the colonial era and at independence. The cultural upbringing is seriously at variance with the social processes of the modern era. Bohannan (1957) speaks of the philosophy of limited good among the Tiv of Nigeria. All goods are communally owned and so the possession of a good by one person is the loss of that good by another. This concept is applicable to every tribe in most circumstances. Ethnic discrimination has its root in the favouritism shown to kin group members as could be seen from the principle of segmentary opposition among the Tiv of Nigeria (Bohannan 1969) or Nuer of Southern Sudan (Evans-Pritchard 1940).

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 1     1-20 of 98    1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20