141. Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan Trip Report 1994 turkmenistan travelogue http://www.csd.uu.se/~pierref/travel/turkmenistan.trip/

Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan Trip Report 28 July - 9 August 1994 Do not duplicate or redistribute in any form without written permission. istanbul - Tashkent - Samarkand - Bukhara - Urgench - Khiva Tashauz - Ashkabad - istanbul Introduction This is a report of a solo-trip to Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, undertaken during July/August 1994. I have compiled this from my travel notes, often omitting irrelevant details such as where I ate what, where I was sick with what, and so on, but adding some afterthoughts and hindsight. This journey was totally improvised, reservations - except for flights being a concept totally alien to me. Of course I did some homework beforehand, so as to know the must-sees. Valuable information sources were the Cadogan guide "Central Asia: The Practical Handbook" (UK, 1993, by Giles Whittell: excellent value), the Lonely Planet guide "USSR - A Travel Survival Kit" (Australia, 1991, by John Noble and John King: a great book, but it unfortunately came out as the Soviet Union was collapsing, and was thus aging badly), and the "Blue Guide to the USSR" (an excellent source of background knowledge). Descriptions are kept informative enough so that those who have been there should recognize the places, while those who would like to go there should be able to locate them. This report is not intended to be a crash course on Central Asian history. By the way, I compiled an

142. The Times Of Central Asia Includes a recipe for Pillao, a Turkmen rice dish with mutton. http://photo.times.kg/turkmenistan/?pub=tm009

143. Turkmenistan President Amnesties Two-thirds Of Prison Population CNN http://cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/central/12/22/turkmenistan.amnesty.ap/index.html

144. Country Study Turkmenistan Social Studies CIA The World Factbook turkmenistan A detailed look at turkmenistan includinghistory, culture, political structure, economy and many other topics. http://www.archaeolink.com/country_study_turkmenistan_histo.htm

Turkmenistan People History Culture Home Afghanistan Albania Algeria ... Vietnam You may find additional information about the country of your choice in the sections for Archaeology Anthropology or Ancient Civilizations CIA - The World Factbook Turkmenistan A detailed look at Turkmenistan including history, culture, political structure, economy and many other topics. - From US Central Intelligence Agency - http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tx.html Country Profile: Turkmenistan "Turkmenistan is made up mainly of desert and has the smallest population of the five former Soviet republics in Central Asia... It was also the poorest republic within the Soviet Union." - illustrated - From BBC - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1298497.stm Embassy of Turkmenistan A good place to begin a study of Turkmenistan. You will find general information, history, politics, culture and much more. - illustrated - From Embassy of Turkmenistan - http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/

145. CNN.com - Turkmenistan Signs $1.39 Billion Gas Deal With Ukraine - October 4, 20 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/central/10/04/turkmenistan.ap/index.html

asianow Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search AsiaNow TIME Only Asiaweek Only CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web ASIANOW TOP STORIES Faith, madness, magic mix at sacred Hindu festival MORE TOP STORIES Tanker spills remaining fuel near Galapagos as captain detained Final two Texas fugitives make first court appearance Gore accepts visiting professor post at Columbia Lott calls Justice Department 'cesspool,' Ashcroft foes 'extremists' ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Turkmenistan signs $1.39 billion gas deal with Ukraine October 5, 2000

146. Turkmen/English Dictionary Downloadable dictionary, prepared by the Peace Corps turkmenistan (MS Word format). http://www.chaihana.com/dict.doc

<E <Q <X <b <m =J=U=f=q=~=„=ˆ=’=œ=£=´=Â=Ø=ß=í=÷=> >>>!>.>8>@>O>V>W>c>j>p>r>s>z>†>>Ÿ>ª>À>Ç>Ñ>Ü>è>ó>ü>???3?;?>?G?P?[?d?ýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýú÷ýúýóýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýú÷ýúýúU^ cHVcUcc`d?i?t? ?’? ?¯?¶?Á?Ð?ß?ì?ô?þ?@ @@@"@4@ <žüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúü÷úüúüú÷úü÷ú÷üúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüVccUcb <íCíZísííí‘í™íží¬íÁíÈíÍí×íßíæíííôíùíî(î1î7îBîJîTî`îhîqîîî—î¡î®î»îÉîèîöîïï*ï=ïKïVïdïtïŠï”ïžï¯ï¼ïÆïÕïâï÷ïðððð)ð3ð;ðOð[ðjðqðwððüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúücUccð«ð½ðÐðäðñðüðññ+ñ4ñ < Q < f < r > #> .> B> J> Z> b> ‚> > ž> ©> ³> À> Â> Í> Ö> Ø> ã> ñ> þ> ? -? 7? üúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúü÷úüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüú÷úüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúü÷úü÷úüúüúüVccUcb7? J? X? ž? ©? »? Ç? ×? â? ì? ÷? @ #@ B@ K@ T@ w@ —@ ¢@ ¯@ ¸@ ã@ !A #A /A

147. Turkmenistan - Zentralasienreise Von Franz Koelbl Reiseerlebnisse und zahlreiche Fotos aus vielen Teilen des Turkmenistans als Etappe einer Reise durch Zentralasien. http://www-ang.uni-graz.at/~koelblf/zentralasien/turkmenistan.html

Turkmenistan Start der Reise Landkarte Reiseroute Kasachstan ... Usbekistan Turkmenistan Iran andere besuchte Reiseziele im Orient: Armenien Jemen Turkmenistan Konye Urgench, Dashovuz Ashgabad Reisebeschreibung © 2001-04, alle Fotos:

148. Welcome To Iceland Embassy of Iceland in Moscow, accredited to Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Byelorussia, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kirghizia, Moldova, Tadzhikistan, turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. http://www.iceland.org/ru/

149. Patkerphoto.com - Photodocumentary & Photojournalism - Caucasus & Central Asia P Photodocumentary and Photojournalism Caucasus and Central Asia photo source. Reportage covering Southern Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Russia) and Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). http://www.patkerphoto.com/

New visitor? Register now for free. Keep me signed in on this computer. HOME THE PROJECT PHOTO ARCHIVE PHOTO STORIES ... REGISTER FIND PHOTOS FROM All Countries Armenia Azerbaijan Belgium Georgia Iran Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Kyrgyzstan Russian Federation Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan TBILISI, GEORGIA Parliamentary Elections in Georgia Patker Photo Agency represents a group of professional photographers working in the Southern Caucasus Armenia Azerbaijan , and Georgia Central Asia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan Tajikistan ... Uzbekistan ) and beyond. Patker Photo Agency offers intriguing photojournalism and photodocumentary of this region that is more important than ever. The world is watching. Social and political conflicts have impacted the Kurdish population, and governments in Chechnya, Georgia, Russia, Uzbekistan and beyond have polarized to eradicate terrorism. Natural gas, oil, and minerals have put the region on the map. And diverse cultures, lifeways, and stunning natural beauty entrance readers. With many years of combined professional experience, the agency delivers reportage, photo essays, stock photos, and news stories about the region. With photographers that are residents and experts in the region, we provide the most up-to-date coverage of issues in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Photo Stories More stories Circumcision Ceremony in Uzbekistan PARKENT, UZBEKISTAN

150. Turkmenistan Map Relief map from the University of Texas. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/turkmenistan_relief.jpg

151. Business & Economy from the Turkmen Embassy in the United States http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/business/uscomp.html

U.S. Companies Doing Business With Turkmenistan Please note that this list is not all inclusive. Those companies listed here are those which have contaced the Embassy or the U.S. Department of Commerce. There are some companies not included here which may be represented by other distributors. Also, please note, the country code for Turkmenistan has changed Old codes were: 7-3632 for Ashgabat 7-37022 for Mary 7-37822 for Charjou New codes are: 993-12 for Ashgabat 993-522 for Mary 993-422 for Charjou ALMA INDUSTRIAL INC. Construction of a glass plant and a pharmaceutical plant and sale of turnkey dairy and meat processing plants. Mr. Vladimir Karlinkiy, President 1265 Firwood Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15243

152. The Times Of Central Asia Good singlepage guide to turkmenistan http://www.times.kg/?D=cg&c=5&d=&m=&dt=

153. Turkmenistan - Consular Information Sheet Travel advisories for visitors to turkmenistan. http://travel.state.gov/turkmenistan.html

U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular Affairs Washington, DC 20520 Consular Information Sheet This information is current as of today, Turkmenistan April 9, 2004 COUNTRY DESCRIPTION: Turkmenistan is a Central Asian nation roughly the size of California. It shares borders with Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Iran. Turkmenistan gained its independence in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Primarily a desert country, it has a small population of around six million people. Tourist facilities, especially outside of the capital city of Ashgabat, are not highly developed. Many of the goods and services taken for granted in North American and Western European countries are not yet available. Travel within the country can be difficult due to limited infrastructure and government imposed internal travel restrictions. ENTRY/EXIT REQUIREMENTS: American citizens must have a valid passport and visa to enter and exit Turkmenistan. To apply for a visa, all U.S. citizens must complete an application and have a letter of invitation approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) in Ashgabat. The letter of invitation on behalf of an American citizen must be submitted to the MFA by an individual or organization in Turkmenistan. The MFA requires at least ten working days for approval. The U.S. Embassy in Ashgabat does not issue letters of invitation to citizens interested in private travel to Turkmenistan. Applications for a Turkmen visa can be submitted to the Turkmen Embassy in Washington, D.C. or directly to the MFA in Ashgabat. A traveler with a stamped and approved invitation letter from the MFA may also obtain a visa at the Ashgabat International Airport upon arrival in Turkmenistan.

154. Turkmenistan News.Net News from turkmenistan and Central Asia. http://turkmenistannews.net

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155. Turkmenistan Frees 57 Afghan Prisoners CNN http://cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/central/12/30/afghan.turkmenistan.reut/index.html

156. CNN.com - Turkmenistan Begins Construction Of Huge Irrigation Reservoir - Octobe CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/central/10/20/turkmenistan.reservior.ap/index.ht

asianow Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search AsiaNow TIME Only Asiaweek Only CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web ASIANOW TOP STORIES Faith, madness, magic mix at sacred Hindu festival MORE TOP STORIES Tanker spills remaining fuel near Galapagos as captain detained Final two Texas fugitives make first court appearance Gore accepts visiting professor post at Columbia Lott calls Justice Department 'cesspool,' Ashcroft foes 'extremists' ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Turkmenistan begins construction of huge irrigation reservoir October 21, 2000

157. Small English - Turkmen Glossary Prepared by the Peace Corps turkmenistan. http://www.chaihana.com/dicet.txt

158. Turkmenistan Tours, Turkmenistan Tourism, Turkmenistan Trips You are here Home » Asia » turkmenistan, Trip Listing Service, turkmenistan. Marchto November. Destination turkmenistan. Activity Desert Expeditions. Duration http://www.infohub.com/TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/Turkmenistan.html

You are here: Home Asia Trip Listing Service Home Categories Active Adventure Affinity Family Hobby ... Sports Destination Africa Asia Australia Caribbean ... Maps Weekend Getaways Backroad CityEscape Unique Stays Castle Hotel Eco Lodge Outdoors Fishing Lodge Guest Ranch Hunting Lodge Resorts Diving Golf Naturist Spa Turkmenistan Below you'll find some of the best guided and self-guided Turkmenistan tours and Turkmenistan holiday packages available online. Many of these tours feature unique travel activities that you are not likely to find anywhere else. We try to compile the best of special interest Turkmenistan tourism available we can find on the internet. If you are interested in any of these tours, please contact the tour operator directly with any questions, for ordering free brochures or booking. The list is updated frequently so visit early and check often. Route of the Caravans Season: January to December Destination: Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Activity: Cultural Expeditions Art/Architecture Archeology/History Duration: 17 days Price: $3385 and above Season: March to November Destination: Turkmenistan Activity: Desert Expeditions Duration: 10 days Price: $880 and above On the horseback of Akhal Teke .

159. Im Land Des Turkmenbashi Kurzer Reisebericht mit diversen Fotos aus turkmenistan, Aschchabad und Nisa mit einer abenteuerlichen Zugfahrt nach Buchara. http://www.studyrussian.com/seidenstrasse/reisebericht/Turkmenistan.htm

Reisebericht 10: Im Land des Turkmenbashi Wir fahren mit dem Zug Richtung Usbekistan, vorbei am Rande der grossen Sandwüsten. Im Zug laden uns einige turkmenische Bergbauern zu Vodka und Wurst ein und erzählen uns über ihr hartes Leben an der Grenze Turkmenistans zu Afghanistan und Usbekistan, einem Grossanbaugebiet von Mohn. Sie sind zufrienden mit der neuen Führung und er Unabhängigkeit Turkmenistans. Dank dem Turkmenbashi erhalten sie pünktlich ihre Renten, und alle Frauen bekommen jedes Jahr zum Unabhängigkeitstag ein Kleid geschenkt. Hoch lebe der Turkmenbashi! Weitere Reiseberichte unserer Reise entlang der Seidenstrasse

160. Turkmenistan:History turkmenistan. While shirts. turkmenistan was slow to pick up on the politicalchanges in the other Soviet republics during the 1980s. http://www.cac-biodiversity.org/tkm/tkm_history.htm

Your browser does not support script Welcome to Turkmenistan Country Profile Visitor's Notepad Maps ... Photo Gallery PGR in Turkmenistan Institutions PGR Unit Members Status of Database Collection Missions ... PGR Projects Though never a goal in itself, the sun-scorched, barren land between the Caspian Sea and the Amu-Darya passed in ancient times from one empire to another as armies decamped on the way to richer territories. Alexander the Great established a city on his way to India, the Romans set up near present-day Ashghabat and, in the 11th century the Seljuq Turks used Alexander's old city, Merv, as a base from which to expand their empire into Afghanistan. Two centuries later, the heart of the Seljuq empire was torn out as Jenghiz Khan stormed down from the steppes into Trans-Caspia (the region east of the Caspian Sea) on his way to terrorise Europe. t u r k m e n i s t a n A group of counter-revolutionaries briefly held sway in Ashghabat when WWI and the Bolshevik revolution distracted the Russians. A small British force, dispatched from northern Persia to back up the provisional Ashghabat governemt, skirmished with the Bolsheviks but withdrew in 1919 and the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) was formed in 1924. Soviet attempts to settle the tribes, collectivise farming and ban religion inflamed the nomadic Turkmen and a guerilla war raged until 1936. More than a million Turkmen fled into the desert or into northern Afghanistan and a steady stream of Russian immigrants began settling in their stead to undertake the modernisation of the SSR. A big part of the plan was cotton: Massive irrigation works bled the Amu-Darya and the Aral Sea all in the cause of crisp white shirts.

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