81. Encyclopedia: History Of Turkmenistan Updated Feb 14, 2004. Encyclopedia history of turkmenistan. Theterritory of turkmenistan has been populated since ancient times http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/History-of-Turkmenistan

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #57 Hungarians die of cancer much, much more often than Finns Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: Feb 14, 2004 Encyclopedia : History of Turkmenistan Sponsored links: The territory of Turkmenistan has been populated since ancient times, as armies from one empire to another decamped on their way to more prosperous territories. Tribes of horse-breeding Turkmen drifted into the territory of Turkmenistan from ancient times, possibly from the

82. :: Ez2Find :: History Archaeology (5). Web Sites, history of turkmenistan Site Info - Translate- Open New Window history of turkmenistan with maps, links and articles. http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Regional/Asia/Turkmenistan/S

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83. Weather Underground: Saragt, Turkmenistan Forecast Current Conditions. Updated 500 AM TMT on May 14, 2004 Observed atSaragt, turkmenistan (history). 76 °F / 25 °C Clear. Humidity 52%. http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/38974.html

PDA/Mobile Find the Weather for any City State or ZIP Code , or Airport Code or Country Member Benefits: No Ads Weather Email $5 a year ... Signup Here Email Password Print This Page Features Favorites Wunder News Photos NEXRAD Radar Stations NEXRAD Regional Composites ... Education Maps Temperature HeatIndex Windchill Humidity ... Jet Stream International United States Canada Mexico Central America ... Antarctica Information Need Help? Link to Us About Us Custom Weather ... Dangerous Intersections Hotel Reservations Hotels London Hotels New York Hotels Orlando Hotels ... San Francisco Hotels Automotive Used Cars Auto Loans Cars For Sale Sleep Products Bedroom Furniture Home Furniture Waterbeds Lasik Eye Surgery Lasik Laser eye surgery Mortgage Info Mortgage Loan Refinancing Mortgage Calculator Mortgage Refinance Rate Vitamins Liquid vitamins Body Balance Colon Cleanse Vitamins Internet Access DSL Broadband Service Providers Maui Vacation Maui Weddings Maui Vacation Travel Google Search Search the Net! Powered by Google Jun 10 2004 16:04:40 Saragt, Turkmenistan this page to your Favorites Weather Email Local Time: 2:44 PM TMT Set My Timezone Lat/Lon: MSN Map Current Conditions Updated: 11:00 AM TMT on June 12, 2004

84. Weather Underground: Dashkhovuz, Turkmenistan Forecast Current Conditions. Updated 800 AM TMT on May 17, 2004 Observed at Dashkhovuz,turkmenistan (history). 67 °F / 20 °C Mostly Cloudy. Humidity 79%. http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/38392.html

PDA/Mobile Find the Weather for any City State or ZIP Code , or Airport Code or Country Member Benefits: No Ads Weather Email $5 a year ... Signup Here Email Password Print This Page Features Favorites Wunder News Photos NEXRAD Radar Stations NEXRAD Regional Composites ... Education Maps Temperature HeatIndex Windchill Humidity ... Jet Stream International United States Canada Mexico Central America ... Antarctica Information Need Help? Link to Us About Us Custom Weather ... Dangerous Intersections Hotel Reservations Hotels London Hotels New York Hotels Orlando Hotels ... San Francisco Hotels Automotive Used Cars Auto Loans Cars For Sale Sleep Products Bedroom Furniture Home Furniture Waterbeds Lasik Eye Surgery Lasik Laser eye surgery Mortgage Info Mortgage Loan Refinancing Mortgage Calculator Mortgage Refinance Rate Vitamins Liquid vitamins Body Balance Colon Cleanse Vitamins Internet Access DSL Broadband Service Providers Maui Vacation Maui Weddings Maui Vacation Travel Google Search Search the Net! Powered by Google Jun 10 2004 16:04:40 Dashkhovuz, Turkmenistan this page to your Favorites Weather Email Local Time: 2:44 PM TMT Set My Timezone Lat/Lon: MSN Map Current Conditions Updated: 11:00 AM TMT on June 12, 2004

85. United States Mission In Turkmenistan, Monthly Newsletter She also noted that the conference was being held during Women s history Monthin the United States and in concurrence with turkmenistan s Women s Day. http://www.usemb-ashgabat.rpo.at/newsletter305.html

U.S. Mission Monthly Newsletter, Issue 30 Women in Society Conference Women's History Month Reception The Public Affairs Section of the Embassy organized a Women's History Month reception at the Ambassador's Residence on March 25, inviting guests from the Turkmen Government, civil society and the diplomatic community. The reception recognized the guests' contributions to development of U.S.-Turkmenistan relations and served as an informal forum to discuss potential joint projects. In her opening remarks, Ambassador Jacobson noted that, "Without the free participation of all citizens at all levels, a democracy cannot flourish. Likewise a nation's economy cannot develop fully if half the population is prevented from participating actively in all aspects of commerce." Attendance of highly ranked female Turkmen government officials honored the organizers of the evening event. Alumni Discussion Cafe The Embassy's Public Affairs Section, in cooperation with IREX, organized an alumni discussion café in recognition of Women's History Month entitled, "Women in Development." Guest-speaker Shannon E. Runyon, the Embassy's Public Affairs Officer, gave a brief history of the origins of Women's History Month and shared President Bush's and Secretary Powell's comments on International Women's Day. She then spoke about her varied career path and the overall situation of women in the U.S. The follow-up discussion addressed some of the key dilemmas facing today's career-focused and family oriented women around the world. The event gave local alumni the opportunity to hear first-hand about the career path, opportunities and choices made by one American woman and provided an atypical window on the situation of women in the U.S.

86. Turkmen Carpets Online Classic Turkmen and Bukhara handmade carpets. Sales, history, information. http://www.turkmenistan-online.com

87. Weather Underground: Carsanga, Turkmenistan Forecast Current Conditions. Updated 1100 AM TMT on May 13, 2004 Observed atCarsanga, turkmenistan (history). 96 °F / 36 °C Clear. Humidity 12%. http://www.weatherunderground.com/global/stations/38915.html

PDA/Mobile Find the Weather for any City State or ZIP Code , or Airport Code or Country Member Benefits: No Ads Weather Email $5 a year ... Signup Here Email Password Print This Page Features Favorites Wunder News Photos NEXRAD Radar Stations NEXRAD Regional Composites ... Education Maps Temperature HeatIndex Windchill Humidity ... Jet Stream International United States Canada Mexico Central America ... Antarctica Information Need Help? Link to Us About Us Custom Weather ... Dangerous Intersections Hotel Reservations Hotels London Hotels New York Hotels Orlando Hotels ... San Francisco Hotels Automotive Used Cars Auto Loans Cars For Sale Sleep Products Bedroom Furniture Home Furniture Waterbeds Lasik Eye Surgery Lasik Laser eye surgery Mortgage Info Mortgage Loan Refinancing Mortgage Calculator Mortgage Refinance Rate Vitamins Liquid vitamins Body Balance Colon Cleanse Vitamins Internet Access DSL Broadband Service Providers Maui Vacation Maui Weddings Maui Vacation Travel Google Search Search the Net! Powered by Google Jun 10 2004 16:04:40 Carsanga, Turkmenistan this page to your Favorites Weather Email Local Time: 2:44 PM TMT Set My Timezone Lat/Lon: MSN Map Current Conditions Updated: 11:00 AM TMT on June 12, 2004

88. Weather Underground: Bakherden, Turkmenistan Forecast Current Conditions. Updated 1100 AM TMT on May 13, 2004 Observed at Bakherden,turkmenistan (history). 78 °F / 26 °C Overcast. Humidity 51%. http://www.weatherunderground.com/global/stations/38774.html

PDA/Mobile Find the Weather for any City State or ZIP Code , or Airport Code or Country Member Benefits: No Ads Weather Email $5 a year ... Signup Here Email Password Print This Page Features Favorites Wunder News Photos NEXRAD Radar Stations NEXRAD Regional Composites ... Education Maps Temperature HeatIndex Windchill Humidity ... Jet Stream International United States Canada Mexico Central America ... Antarctica Information Need Help? Link to Us About Us Custom Weather ... Dangerous Intersections Hotel Reservations Hotels London Hotels New York Hotels Orlando Hotels ... San Francisco Hotels Automotive Used Cars Auto Loans Cars For Sale Sleep Products Bedroom Furniture Home Furniture Waterbeds Lasik Eye Surgery Lasik Laser eye surgery Mortgage Info Mortgage Loan Refinancing Mortgage Calculator Mortgage Refinance Rate Vitamins Liquid vitamins Body Balance Colon Cleanse Vitamins Internet Access DSL Broadband Service Providers Maui Vacation Maui Weddings Maui Vacation Travel Google Search Search the Net! Powered by Google Jun 10 2004 16:04:40 Bakherden, Turkmenistan this page to your Favorites Weather Email Local Time: 2:44 PM TMT Set My Timezone Lat/Lon: MSN Map Current Conditions Updated: 11:00 AM TMT on June 12, 2004

89. Turkmenistan - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia 8 Miscellaneous topics. history. Main article history of turkmenistan Annexed byRussia between 1865 and 1885, turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia . It has borders with Afghanistan Iran Kazakhstan Uzbekistan and has a coastline on the Caspian Sea Turkmenostan Respublikasy In Detail (Full size) National motto none Official language Turkmen Capital Ashgabat ... km² Negligible Population Density Ranked 113th 9.4/km² Independence October 27 (Year) Currency Turkmen manat Time zone UTC National anthem ... Internet TLD .TM Calling Code Table of contents 1 History 2 Politics 3 Welayatlar 4 Geography ... edit History Main article: History of Turkmenistan Annexed by Russia between and , Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in . It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in See also: Republics of the Soviet Union edit Politics Main article: Politics of Turkmenistan President Saparmurat Niyazov retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. An all pervasive cult of personality is in place, with President Niyazov as Turkmenbashi ("The Leader of all Turkmens"). His face adorns almost everything in Turkmenistan, from banknotes to bottles of vodka . A slogan popular among Turkmens is "Halk! Watan! Türkmenbashy!" meaning "People! Motherland! Leader!", which observers have noted is strikingly similar to the slogan "Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Führer" ("One People, One Realm, One Leader") coined by the leadership of

90. UNITED NATIONS IN TURKMENISTAN Some excellent resources. http://www.untuk.org/

Created on Oct'2001

91. Turkmenistan Chaihana Peace Corps Friends of turkmenistan Turkmen Dictionary, Journals, and Pictures http://www.chaihana.com

The Peace Corps Friends of Turkmenistan Website Peace Corps Friends of Turkmenistan Turkmen Language Resources Turkmenistan Photographs Chaihana Guestbook Journals, Essays, and Information Turkmenistan Links Sign up for the Turkmenistan Email Discussion List: Archives available here The Chaihana is the home page of the Friends of Turkmenistan, a group of over 150 returned Peace Corps volunteers who served in Turkmenistan. The Chaihana website is maintained by Greg Lastowka , who was a Peace Corps volunteer in Turkmenistan from 1994-96 (The "T2" group.) Please do not reprint or repost words or photographs from this site without permission. To donate to the Friends of Turkmenistan, click here About this website Site statistics: Latest Turkmenistan News from Moreover.com

92. Turkmenistan Freight Forwarders Directory Listings of freight forwarders, shipping agents and NVOCCs. http://sailings.to/turkmenistan/freight-forwarders-directory.html

turkmenistan Freight Forwarders and Shipping Agents, Links to Telephone Numbers, Fax Numbers, eMail Addresses and Company Websites. Freight Directory Main Menu Freight Forwarders / NVOCCs Listing

93. Turkmenistan: Selected Internet Resources (Portals To The World, Library Of Cong Annotated directory covering a broad range of subjects selected by Library of Congress specialists. http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/amed/turkmenistan/turkmenistan.html

The Library of Congress Global Gateway Portals to the World Portals to the World Web Pages International Horizons Web Pages All Library of Congress Web Pages Turkmenistan Created and maintained by the , Area Studies Directorate General Resources Business, Commerce, Economy Culture Education ... Society Wearing traditional dress and headgear, a Turkmen camel driver poses with his camel, laden with what is most likely grain or cotton. Image from the online exhibition "The Empire that was Russia the Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated" Suggest a Link African and Middle Eastern countries African and Middle Eastern Reading Room ... Portals to the World January 27, 2003 Ask a Librarian

94. Travel & Tourism from the Turkmen Embassy in Washington http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/travel/airline.html

Flying to Turkmenistan SPECIAL NOTE TO TRAVEL AGENTS: Turkmenistan Airlines' IATA code is T5. International schedules are published in OAG. For fares and availability, bookings, and ticketing instructions, please contact Turkmenistan Airlines' London office listed below. Several airlines fly to Turkmenistan including Turkmenistan Airlines and Lufthansa. Below is listed the contact numbers for Turkmenistan Airlines offices throughout Europe and Central Asia as well as the specific flight available from Birmingham, and London, England. Turkmenistan Airlines - the only airline offering non-stop service from Europe to Turkmenistan. Check Birmingham International Airport's Home Page for flight changes Aircraft types: 733: Boeing 737-300 757: Boeing 757-200 Convenient connections to Delhi, Karachi, Abu-Dhabi, and Central Asia

95. WashingtonPost.com: International: Turkmenistan Weather, information, some links. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/worldref/country/turkmeni.ht

Search the World World Section The oil refinery in the coastal town of Turkmenbashy is part of an oil rush in the Caspian Sea. (AP Photo/ Misha Japaridze) The links below will take you out of this site. Use the BACK button to return. CIA World Factbook A detailed list of facts and figures for Turkmenistan. U.S. State Department Notes This document describes the history, government, politics and economy of Turkmenistan. Internet Links Select Internet sites and Web publications: Embassy of Turkmenistan: Washington, D.C. Turkmenistan Resource Page Destination Turkmenistan The Unofficial Peace Corps Turkmenistan Site News Recent stories about Turkmenistan: The Washington Post The Associated Press World Currency/Stocks: International Currency International Stocks World Weather: International Weather Page Country Search Enter a country name for news, background and Internet links: Complete Country List If you got to this page by way of the pop-up interactive map, click here to bring the window to the front. Search the Site: Enter a keyword to find a section or special package.

96. Inner Asia Expedition - Turkmenistan June 1995 turkmenistan bike trip report http://www.gordian.com/users/nathan/Trek/turkmenistan.html

97. Photo Album - Making Bread Gulya Orazahatov demonstrates how to make traditional Turkmen churek. http://www.chaihana.com/album5.html

home training the landscape bairamali ... ancient merv Making Traditional Turkmen Bread Gulya Orazahotov a retired math teacher from Bairamali, graciously agreed to show me how to make Turkmen churek - the traditional Turkmen bread. Bread holds an important place in Turkmen culture. When our training group first arrived in the country, we were greeted with bread and salt. The Turkmen say that bread and salt is all you need to live. (I would add green tea to that short list.) Fueling the tamdyr Here, Gulya is adding sawdust and kindling to the tamdyr, a traditional clay and brick oven. The tamdyr, as you can see, is about waist high and shaped like a huge anthill. The walls are about a foot thick. Gulya's tamdyr was about 10 yards outside of her house. After Gulya pours in the kindling, she sets it on fire and lets it burn for about 40 minutes or so until the soot that clings to the inside walls of the tamdyr is white rather than black. While the fuel is burning, she covers the top of it with a piece of sheet metal. Preparing the churek The bread is made with flour, water, salt, and a little bit of sour milk. The sour milk is a kind of yeast substitute. Carol and I tried to get Gulya to give us the exact recipe, but when we asked her for exact measurements, she wasn't really sure - she just measured by handfuls and pinches.

98. Turkmenistan - Ashgabat Describes the activities of the Embassy and the services it offers, with additional background information about Britain and turkmenistan. http://www.britishembassytm.org.uk/

99. MapZones.com Culture turkmenistan General Data. turkmenistan Maps. turkmenistan Culture. turkmenistanHistory. turkmenistan Economy. turkmenistan Currency. turkmenistan Education. http://www.mapzones.com/world/asia/turkmenistan/cultureindex.php

Country Info Turkmenistan Introduction Turkmenistan General Data Turkmenistan Maps Turkmenistan Culture ... Turkmenistan Time and Date Turkmenistan Culture Back to Top Fundamental social institutions generally remained unchanged by the presence of Marxist dogma for over seventy years, although the presence of large numbers of Russians changed the distribution of the classes and the cultural loyalties of the intelligentsia. With some weakening in urban areas in the twentieth century, kinship and tribal affiliation retain a strong influence over the structure of Turkmen society. Today's Turkmen have fully embraced the concepts of national unity and a strong national consciousness, which had been elusive through most of their history. The Turkmen have begun to reassess their history and culture, as well as the effects of Soviet rule. Some of the more notable changes since independence have been a shift from open hostility to cautious official sanctioning of Islam, the declaration of Turkmen as the state language, and the state's promotion of national and religious customs and holidays. For example, the vernal equinox, known as Novruz ("New Year's Day"), is now celebrated officially country-wide. Interest and pride in national traditions were demonstrated openly prior to independence, particularly following the introduction of glasnost' by Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev in 1985. Since independence, the government has played a less restrictive and at times actively supportive role in the promotion of national traditions. For example, in a move to replace the Soviet version of Turkmen history with one more in harmony with both traditional and current values, President Niyazov formed a state commission to write the "true history of sunny Turkmenistan."

100. CNN.com - China Records Strong Earthquake In Turkmenistan - December 6, 2000 CNN http://cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/central/12/06/quake.turkmenistan.02.reut/index.html

asianow Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search AsiaNow TIME Only Asiaweek Only CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web ASIANOW TOP STORIES Faith, madness, magic mix at sacred Hindu festival MORE TOP STORIES Tanker spills remaining fuel near Galapagos as captain detained Final two Texas fugitives make first court appearance Gore accepts visiting professor post at Columbia Lott calls Justice Department 'cesspool,' Ashcroft foes 'extremists' ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: China records strong earthquake in Turkmenistan December 7, 2000

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