41. Access International Domains IMF intervention may be necessary, although the turkmenistan governmentwould not welcome IMFimposed structural adjustments. Democratic http://webdb.iu.edu/internationalprograms/scripts/accesscoverpage.cfm?country=tu

42. Mirago : Regional: Asia: Turkmenistan: Government British Embassy in Ashgabat Photos, travel advisories, country information; PoliticalResources on the Net - Turkmenistan - Index of Turkmenistan political http://www.mirago.co.uk/scripts/dir.aspx?cat=Top/Regional/Asia/Turkmenistan/Gove

43. Daily Times - Site Edition to Pakistan set up their bases and conspired against Pakistan’s interests,”he said adding that consequently the turkmenistan government restricted its http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_20-3-2004_pg7_34

44. Worldinformation.com Before the fall of the Taliban, US authorities encouraged the turkmenistan governmentto avoid the Afghan option, which would have involved the construction of http://www.worldinformation.com/World/asia/Turkmenistan/profile.asp?p=8&country=

45. Government - Turkmenistan Government Turkmenistan. Government. Governmentturkmenistan government. http://www.wowdirectory.com/dir/8976/207.php

Government - Turkmenistan Government Government Turkmenistan Government WoW Search Engine and Directory Service > Government > Turkmenistan Add Url Suggest Category Last 10 Searches Cross-referenced categories in "Government - Turkmenistan": Civic Participation Documents Ethics Intelligence ... Web Directories No results found in "Government - Turkmenistan" Click Here With Comments or Questions NEW Submissions WoW World News ... Sign Up For FREE WoW Email Service Welcome to WoW Search Engine and Directory. WoW is becoming one of the Webs largest Free Directories with over 200 million topics and over 200 thousand pages indexed by Google. WoW was designed and created for the small business as an affordable quality web presence. Our topic structure is comprehensive enough to accommodate all types of business and services without excessively long topics that can give you poor position and few viewers. This is a professionally edited directory so you can be assured of friendly, consistent and quality service. Sponsoring Links About Us and Privacy Notice Site Map: Main Topics Arts and Humanities Business and Economy Computers and Internet Education ... Hosted By V7 Inc.

46. NodeWorks - Asia: Turkmenistan: Government in entire NodeWorks Directory. http://asia.dir.nodeworks.com/Turkmenistan/Government/

in entire NodeWorks Directory in Asia in Turkmenistan in ++ Government Top Asia Turkmenistan Government Political Resources on the Net - Turkmenistan Index of Turkmenistan political sites. Turkmenistan, History, Human Rights Extended history of Turkmenistan, internet links, and human rights information. NodeWorks boosts web surfing! Page Returned in seconds - HTML Compressed Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Update a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor

47. Business Wire: Turkmenistan Government Announces New Turkmenistan 2000 Oil & Gas You are Here Articles Business Wire March 28, 2000 Article. TurkmenistanGovernment Announces New Turkmenistan 2000 Oil Gas Licensing Initiative. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m0EIN/2000_March_28/60830372/p1/article.jhtml

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN all publications this publication Business Automotive Business Computing Entertainment Health News Reference Sports YOU ARE HERE Articles Business Wire March 28, 2000 Content provided in partnership with Print friendly Tell a friend Find subscription deals Business Wire ... March 28, 2000 Business/Energy Editors ASHGABAT, Turkmenistan(BUSINESS WIRE)March 28, 2000 The Turkmenistan Government has announced a new licensing initiative, "Turkmenistan 2000." This initiative offers foreign investors the chance to negotiate for concessions on 32 blocks in the Turkmenistan sector of the Caspian Sea. The details of the announcement were made at the 5th Turkmenistan International Oil and Gas Conference (TIOGE) which was officially opened in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, by His Excellency Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan, with a Welcome Address delivered by Deputy Prime Minister, Mr. Gorbanmuradov. In his speech, the President referred to TIOGE as the "first significant international meeting in the golden `Century of Turkmenistan' focusing on Turkmenistan's Oil and Gas Sector, which plays a vital role in Turkmenistan's economic structure." Developing the oil and gas industry, by integrating Turkmenistan into the worldwide oil and gas matrix is one of the government's highest priorities. The President added that it was, therefore, desirable to create an attractive climate for foreign company investment, which could be achieved by means of an Open Door Policy.

48. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Middle East - Turkmenistan - Government And Politica Middle East turkmenistan government and Political Conditions ( Notes) turkmenistan government and Political Conditions (Notes) http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/tx/Turkmenistan_government_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Turkmenistan (Notes) Turkmenistan - Government and Political Conditions (Notes) GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS Following the end of the Cold War and the breakup of the Soviet Union, Turkmenistan declared its independence on October 27, 1991. Saparmurat Niyazov became the first president of the new republic and still remains the supreme decisionmaker. On December 28, 1999, Niyazov's term was extended indefinitely by the Mejlis (parliament), which itself had taken office only a week earlier in severely flawed elections that included only candidates hand-picked by President Niyazov. Independent political activity is not allowed in Turkmenistan, and no opposition candidates are allowed. The Democratic Party of Turkmenistan (DPT) is the only legal political party. Political gatherings are illegal unless government sanctioned, and the citizens of Turkmenistan do not have the means to change their government democratically. While the constitution provides for freedom of the press, there is virtually no freedom of the press or of association. The government has full control of all media and has recently moved to restrict foreign newspapers. International satellite TV is available. On November 25, 2002, an armed attack against President Niyazov's motorcade was made. The Government of Turkmenistan moved quickly against perceived sources of opposition. There were widespread reports of human rights abuses committed by officials investigating the attack, including torture and punishment of families of the accused. The Government of Turkmenistan denied the charges, but refused to allow independent observers at trials or to accept a mandatory OSCE fact-finding mission. It has instituted new measures to stifle dissent and limit contact with the outside world.

49. Turkmenistan : Government turkmenistan government, turkmenistan government homepage, turkmenistan governmentweb, turkmenistan government net, information about turkmenistan http://search.asiaco.com/Turkmenistan/Government/

Home Add Site Change URL Search A S I A C O , T H E A S I A S E A R C H E N G I N E Turkmenistan : Government Home Turkmenistan : Government Categories Departments Embassies and Consulates Military Ministries ... Politics Malaysia, Singapore. Search Mobile content click here: Sites Country Commercial Guides in Turkmenistan An official site covering informations about commercial guide to Turkmenistan from the US Department of State. URL: www.state.gov/www/about_state/business/com_guides/1999.html Options Help Help Site Map ... SMSJet Global Mobile Gateway. Privacy Notices This site is powered by Asiaco Network Servers

50. Turkmenistan : Government : Embassies And Consulates turkmenistan government Embassies and Consulates, turkmenistan government Embassies and Consulates homepage, turkmenistan government Embassies and http://search.asiaco.com/Turkmenistan/Government/Embassies_and_Consulates/

Home Add Site Change URL Search A S I A C O , T H E A S I A S E A R C H E N G I N E Turkmenistan : Government : Embassies and Consulates Home Turkmenistan Government : Embassies and Consulates Malaysia, Singapore. Search Mobile content click here: Sites American Embassy in Ashgabat This site contains detail info about the mission of the departments, Turkmenistan informations and other links. URL: http://www.usemb-ashgabat.usia.co.at Turkmenistan This site contains comprehensive info about political includes elections, government of Turkmenistan, Soros Foundation, embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington and others. URL: http://www.politicalresources.net/turkmenistan.htm Options Help Help Site Map ... SMSJet Global Mobile Gateway. Privacy Notices This site is powered by Asiaco Network Servers

51. ABC Country Book Of Turkmenistan - Government Flag, Map, Economy, Geography, Cli turkmenistan Interactive Factbook GEOGRAPHY, Flag, Map,Geography,People, government, Economy, Transportation, Communications. http://www.theodora.com/wfb/turkmenistan_government.html

Index Flag Geography People ... Feedback Turkmenistan Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Digraph: TX Type: republic Capital: Ashgabat Administrative divisions: 5 welayatlar (singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty (Charjew), Mary Welayaty note: names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from welayat name Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Constitution: adopted 18 May 1992 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Saparmurad NIYAZOV (since NA October 1990); election last held 21 June 1992 (next to be held NA 2002); results - Saparmurad NIYAZOV 99.5% (ran unopposed); note - a 15 January 1994 referendum extended NIYAZOV's term an additional five years until 2002 (99.99% approval) head of government: Prime Minister (vacant); Deputy Prime Ministers Orazgeldi AYDOGDIYEV (since NA), Babamurad BAZAROV (since NA), Khekim ISHANOV (since NA), Valeriy OTCHERTSOV (since NA), Yagmur OVEZOV (since NA), Matkarim RAJAPOV (since NA), Abad RIZAYEVA (since NA), Rejep SAPAROV (since NA), Boris SHIKHMURADOV (since NA), Batyr SARJAYEV (since NA)

52. Turkmenistan/Government - Encyclopedia Article About Turkmenistan/Government. Fr encyclopedia article about turkmenistan/government. turkmenistan/governmentin Free online English dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Turkmenistan/Government

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Turkmenistan/Government Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Following the end of the Cold War A reorganization of this article is being worked on at Cold War/temp, feel free to help. The Cold War (c. 1945-1990) was the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between groups of nations practicing different ideologies and political systems. On one side were the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) and its allies, often referred to as the Eastern bloc . On the other side were the United States and its allies, usually referred to as the Western bloc . The struggle was called the Cold War because it did not actually lead to fighting, or "hot" war, on a wide scale. The term was first used by the American financier and presidential adviser Bernard Baruch during a congressional debate in 1947. Click the link for more information. and the breakup of the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Click the link for more information. , Turkmenistan declared its independence on October 27 October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining.

53. Turkmenistan - Government, History, Population, Geography And Maps exchange rate, allocation of government credits by auction, and strict limits onbudget deficits. Privatization goals remain limited. turkmenistan is working http://www.worldrover.com/vital/turkmenistan.html

Search the Net: History 100% Free Clip Art including world flags and 1000's more images and photos! Turkmenistan source: CIA World Factbook 1998 Turkmenistan Geography [Top of Page] Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 60 00 E Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States Area: total: 488,100 sq km land: 488,100 sq km water: sq km slightly larger than California Land boundaries: total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km Coastline: km note: Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: subtropical desert Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west Elevation extremes: lowest point: Sarygamysh Koli -110 m highest point: Ayrybaba 3,139 m Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt Land use: arable land: permanent crops: permanent pastures: forests and woodland: other: 26% (1993 est.)

54. Turkmenistan - Government According to the constitution and to literature printed by the government, Turkmenistanis a democratic, secular, constitutional republic based on law and http://countrystudies.us/turkmenistan/27.htm

Government Turkmenistan Table of Contents The post-Soviet government of the Republic of Turkmenistan retains many of the characteristics and the personnel of the communist regime of Soviet Turkmenistan. The government has received substantial international criticism as an authoritarian regime centering on the dominant power position of President Saparmyrat Niyazov. Nevertheless, the 1992 constitution does characterize Turkmenistan as a democracy with separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Centers of Political Power Political behavior also is shaped by the technocratic elites, who were trained in Moscow and who can rely on support from most of the educated professionals in Ashgabat and other urban areas. Most of the elites within the national government originate from and are supported by the intelligentsia, which also is the source of the few opposition groups in the republic. According to a law passed in December 1992, all permanent residents of Turkmenistan are accorded citizenship unless they renounce that right in writing. Non-residents may become citizens if they can demonstrate that they have resided in Turkmenistan for the past seven years and that they have some knowledge of the Turkmen language. Dual citizenship with certain other former Soviet republics is permitted. The CIS summit held in Ashgabat in December 1993 resulted in an accord on dual citizenship between the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan, allowing Turkmenistan's 400,000 ethnic Russians to achieve that status.

55. Turkmenistan - Government Structure The government of turkmenistan is divided into three branchesthe executive branchheaded by the president, the legislative branch consisting of the National http://countrystudies.us/turkmenistan/28.htm

Government Structure Turkmenistan Table of Contents The government of Turkmenistan is divided into three branchesthe executive branch headed by the president, the legislative branch consisting of the National Assembly (Milli Majlis), and the judicial branch embodied in the Supreme Court. A People's Council nominally has the ultimate power to oversee the three branches. A Council of Elders exists as an advisory body to the government, everyday affairs of which are conducted by a Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president. President The office of president ( türkmenbashi , "Leader of the Turkmen") was established in conjunction with the ratification of the 1992 constitution. The president functions as head of state and government and as commander in chief of the armed forces, serving for an elected term of five years. Presidential powers include the right to issue edicts having the force of law, to appoint and remove state prosecutors and judges, and to discontinue the National Assembly if it has passed two no-confidence votes on the sitting government (Cabinet) within an eighteen-month period. The government is administered by the Cabinet of Ministers, who are appointed by the president with National Assembly approval. Niyazov, who was president of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic at the time of independence, is a Turkmen of the Teke tribe who was born in 1940. Trained as an engineer, Niyazov rose through the ranks of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan, reaching the top of the party hierarchy as first secretary in 1985. During his tenure, Niyazov remained aloof from

56. Turkmenistan - Government - Flag Description IndexMundi Home. Flag of turkmenistan turkmenistan Flag description. http://www.indexmundi.com/turkmenistan/flag_description.html

Turkmenistan - Flag description Home Turkmenistan Government green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five carpet guls (designs used in producing rugs) stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to the olive branches on the UN flag; a white crescent moon and five white stars appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe Source: CIA World Factbook Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of January 1, 2003 Home About Search

57. Turkmenistan - Government - Government Type IndexMundi Home. Flag of turkmenistan turkmenistan government type. http://www.indexmundi.com/turkmenistan/government_type.html

Turkmenistan - Government type Home Turkmenistan Government republic Source: CIA World Factbook Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of January 1, 2003 Home About Search

58. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Middle East - Turkmenistan - Government Facts And Fi turkmenistan government (Facts). Country name conventional longform none conventional short form turkmenistan local long form http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/tx/Turkmenistan_government.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Turkmenistan (Facts) Turkmenistan - Government (Facts) Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic local short form: Turkmenistan Government type: republic Capital: Ashgabat Administrative divisions: 5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Constitution: adopted 18 May 1992 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

59. Home : Country Focus : Turkmenistan : Government Home Country Focus turkmenistan government.Country Focus turkmenistan government. http://www.slavophilia.com/pages/Country_Focus/Turkmenistan/Government/

Home Search Options Home : Country Focus : Turkmenistan : Government Country Focus : Turkmenistan : Government Home Add a Site Modify a Site What's New ... Advertising info Inside Home Translation/Interpretation Services Software Dictionaries Slavophilia Forums Reserve your hotels/hostels worldwide Categories: Foreign Affairs Law Military Ministry ... Politics Links: Niyazov, Saparmurat - president of Turkmenistan and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers. - (Added: 30-Jan-2003) [Rate It] You can post your questions, suggestions, ideas, news on Slavophilia Bulletin Board Join Slavophilia Forums Send comments, suggestions and corrections to webmaster@slavophilia.com

60. Home : Country Focus : Turkmenistan : Government : Ministry Home Country Focus turkmenistan government Ministry.Country Focus turkmenistan government Ministry. http://www.slavophilia.com/pages/Country_Focus/Turkmenistan/Government/Ministry/

Home Search Options Home : Country Focus : Turkmenistan : Government : Ministry Country Focus : Turkmenistan : Government : Ministry Home Add a Site Modify a Site What's New ... Advertising info Inside Home Translation/Interpretation Services Software Dictionaries Slavophilia Forums Reserve your hotels/hostels worldwide Links: Ministry of Communications of Turkmenistan - (En/Ru). - (Added: 30-Jan-2003) [Rate It] You can post your questions, suggestions, ideas, news on Slavophilia Bulletin Board Join Slavophilia Forums Send comments, suggestions and corrections to webmaster@slavophilia.com

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