81. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles Global. Language. All Religions. Religion. Turkmen, Trukhmeny of turkmenistan.geography. Country turkmenistan. Country Code (ROG3) TX. Location within Country http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=110306&rog3=TX

82. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles Global. Language. All Religions. Religion. Uzbek, Northern of turkmenistan. geography.Country turkmenistan. Country Code (ROG3) TX. Location within Country http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=107469&rog3=TX

83. No Title turkmenistan turkmenistan turkmenistanmap.png turkmenistan/Communications turkmenistan/Economy turkmenistan/geography turkmenistan/Government http://encyclopedia.fablis.com/sitemap.php?list=Tu

84. Turkmenistan People Groups geography Location Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and 379km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km Coastline 0 km note turkmenistan borders the http://www.whn.org/content/Turkmenistan.htm

People groups in Turkmenistan Statistics about Turkmenistan STATISTICS ABOUT TURKMENISTAN Geography: Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan Area: total: 488,100 sq km land: 488,100 sq km water: sq km Land boundaries: total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km Coastline: km note: Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: subtropical desert Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west Elevation extremes: lowest point: Sarygamysh Koli -110 m highest point: Ayrybaba 3,139 m Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 63% forests and woodland: 8% other: 26% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 13,000 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: NA chemicals, pesticides; salinization, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian

85. Guidez.net: Turkmenistan - Maps & General Information geography and Economy. by Guidez.net (source CIA WorldFactBook). Annexed byRussia between 1865 and 1885, turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. http://www.guidez.net/place=300/topic=19/sight=0/article=384

Subscribe to the FREE Guidez.net newsletter. Your personal travel guide Home About Help My Guidez.net ... add place Sights add sight show more Turkmenistan show sights ... add topic Sights add sight show more Articles Pictures ... send postcard Geography and Economy by Guidez.net (source: CIA WorldFactBook) Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects can be worked out. Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan Climate: subtropical desert Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt Industries: natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing Agriculture - products: cotton, grain; livestock

86. NCPA - The War On Terrorism: Geography And The Centers Of Taliban Gravity smaller than the state of Texas, has always justified its reputation as a geographicnightmare. Bordering six nations (turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan http://www.ncpa.org/iss/ter/gravity.html

Policy Issues NCPA Publications Both Sides Opinion Editorials ... CONTACT NOVEMBER 06, 2001 EMAIL TO A FRIEND Geography And The Centers Of Taliban Gravity by Michael P. Noonan A month into the war on terrorism, criticism of the Bush administration has begun to mount. Critics on the left are decrying the loss of innocent lives; critics on the right are asking why more is not being done. Additional tensions arise over the question of whether the United States and Britain should continue the conflict through the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. And concerns grow over whether the Northern Alliance is the ally the United States needs on the ground. To date the combination of aerial bombardment, Northern Alliance ground assaults, and the deployment of a small number of American and British special operations personnel is not producing noticeable results in defeating the Taliban and al-Qaeda. Recent statements by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld suggest that the introduction of American and allied ground troops is now on the table. As the harsh Afghan winter approaches, however, the introduction of large numbers of ground troops may not be necessary to ensure victory. A limited but direct approach may plant the seeds for victory in Afghanistan come spring. The Geography Of War Afghanistan's demographics also make matters difficult. According to CIA figures, its population of roughly 27 million people is made up of the Pashtun (38 percent), Tajiks (25 percent), Hazara (19 percent), Uzbeks (6 percent), and other minor ethnic groups (12 percent). The Taliban is composed mainly of the Pashtuns, who also make up a sizeable population across the border in Pakistan. The Taliban in fact emerged from the religious schools in the Peshawar region of northern Pakistan. The Northern Alliance conversely is predominantly composed of Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks. This explains Pakistan's sensitivity toward the non-Pashtun Northern Alliance faction and its years of tacit and covert support for the Taliban. Simply put, Islamabad fears a state not aligned with its interests as its northern neighbor.

87. Human Development Under Transition - Turkmenistan This is followed in Chapters II and III with Brief Characteristics of Turkmenistanin terms of history, geography and demography, and the formation of http://www.undp.org/rbec/nhdr/1996/summary/turkmenistan.htm

19. TURKMENISTAN 1. Human Development Indicators Human Developmetnt Index (HDI)* HDI Ranking out of 174 Land area (sq. kms) Population Estimated population (million) Pop'n growth (%) (1991-2000) Fertility (Avr.children per mother) Population density (per sq. km) Population distribution (%) (1991): - Rural - Urban Gender distribution (%): - Males - Females Age distrib'n ; Pop'n (%): - Under 14 - Over 65 Ethnic distribution (%): - Turkmens - Russian - Uzbeks Economy Total GDP (US$ billion) (1993) Real GDP per capita (1993)* Real GNP per capita ($PPP) (1993) Real growth in GDP (1994) (%) Employment by sector (%): - Agriculture - Industry - Services Unemployment (%): - Open - Hidden Education Adult literacy rate* School enrollment (primary and secondary)* Mean years of schooling* Health Avr. life expectancy (years): - Total* - Men - Women Child mortality (per 1,000 born) (1993) People per doctor Govt. expend. as % of GDP (1993) Total of which: - Defence - Education - Health - Social Protection *Indicators in italics included in Human Development Index 2. Features of the Report

88. TURKMENISTAN turkmenistan. turkmenistan. turkmenistan. geography turkmenistan is situatedin Central Asia. Its area is 488,100 sq. km, or around 188,456 sq. http://vacations.lycos.com/packages/show_country.asp?countryid=TM

89. Zeal.com - United States - New - Library - Society - Countries - Asia - Turkmeni 8. TurkmenNet http//www.turkmen.net/ Provides access to the geography, language,and company listings for turkmenistan. Discuss issues on a open forum. http://zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=560000

90. Turkmenistan turkmenistan. turkmenistan. geography. Location Central Asia , bordering the CaspianSea , between Iran and Kazakhstan. Geographic coordinates 40 00 N, 60 00 E. http://www.khilafah.com/ca_special/Stats/Turkmen.htm

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Geography Location: Central Asia , bordering the Caspian Sea , between Iran and Kazakhstan Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 60 00 E Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States Area: total: 488,100 sq km land: 488,100 sq km water: 0 sq km Land boundaries: total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km Coastline: km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: subtropical desert Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran ; borders Caspian Sea in west Elevation extremes: lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81.00 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m) highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt Land use: arable land: permanent crops: permanent pastures: forests and woodland: other: 26% (1993 est.)

91. Definition Of Turkmenistan - WordIQ Dictionary & Encyclopedia geography. Main article geography of turkmenistan Enlarge Map of turkmenistan.The country is approximately 488,100 square kilometers. http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Turkmenistan

Encyclopedia Dictionary Thesaurus The Web eBooks loadkeyword("Turkmenistan"); Encyclopedia Definition of: Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia . It has borders with Afghanistan Iran Kazakhstan Uzbekistan and has a coastline on the Caspian Sea Turkmenostan Respublikasy In Detail (Full size) National motto none Official language Turkmen Capital Ashgabat ... Area - Total - % water Ranked 51st Negligible Population - Total (2002) Density Ranked 113th Independence - Declared - Recognised October 27 (Year) Currency Turkmen manat Time zone UTC National anthem ... Internet TLD .TM Calling Code Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Politics 3 Welayatlar 4 Geography ... 8 Miscellaneous topics History Main article: History of Turkmenistan Annexed by Russia between and , Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in . It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in See also: Republics of the Soviet Union Politics Main article: Politics of Turkmenistan President Saparmurat Niyazov retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. An all pervasive cult of personality is in place, with President Niyazov as

92. Encyclopedia4U - Geography Of Turkmenistan - Encyclopedia Article geography of turkmenistan. Table of contents. Documentation License. Ituses material from the Wikipedia article geography of turkmenistan . http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/g/geography-of-turkmenistan.html

ENCYCLOPEDIA U com Lists of articles by category ... Encyclopedia Home Page SEARCH : Geography of Turkmenistan Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Physical Features 2 Climate 3 Miscellaneous Physical Features Turkmenistan 's average elevation is 100 to 220 meters above sea level, with its highest point being Mount Ayrybaba (3,137 meters) in the Kugitang Range of the Pamir-Alay chain in the far east, and its lowest point in the Transcaspian Depression (100 kilometers below sea level). Nearly 80 percent of the republic lies within the Turon Depression, which slopes from south to north and from east to west. Turkmenistan's mountains include 600 kilometers of the northern reaches of the Kopetdag Range, which it shares with Iran. The Kopetdag Range is a region characterized by foothills, dry and sandy slopes, mountain plateaus, and steep ravines; Mount Shahshah (2,912 meters), southwest of Ashgabat, is the highest elevation of the range in Turkmenistan. The Kopetdag is undergoing tectonic transformation, meaning that the region is threatened by earthquakes such as the one that destroyed Ashgabat in 1948 and registered nine on the Richter Scale. The Krasnovodsk and Üstirt plateaus are the prominent topographical features of northwestern Turkmenistan. A dominant feature of the republic's landscape is the Garagum Desert, which occupies about 350,000 square kilometers (see Environmental Issues, this ch.). Shifting winds create desert mountains that range from two to twenty meters in height and may be several kilometers in length. Chains of such structures are common, as are steep elevations and smooth, concrete-like clay deposits formed by the rapid evaporation of flood waters in the same area for a number of years. Large marshy salt flats, formed by capillary action in the soil, exist in many depressions, including the Kara Shor, which occupies 1,500 square kilometers in the northwest. The Sundukly Desert west of the Amu Darya is the southernmost extremity of the Qizilqum (Russian spelling Kyzyl Kum) Desert, most of which lies in Uzbekistan to the northeast.

93. Turkmenistan Country Information. turkmenistan Remarks - Fact Sheets - Press Releases - U.S. Embassy - Quick Links to Major Reports - Photo Gallery. turkmenistan. This site is managed by the Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State. http://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/tx

Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs Country Information Turkmenistan Remarks Fact Sheets Press Releases U.S. Embassy ... Photo Gallery Turkmenistan Ambassador Tracey Jacobson Background Notes Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members (CIA) World Factbook (CIA) ... Country Studies (Library of Congress) This site is managed by the Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views contained therein.

94. Economy Of Turkmenistan facts, maps, flags and pictures from countries around the world.The Economy of turkmenistan. Economy overview turkmenistan is http://www.abacci.com/atlas/economy.asp?countryID=346

95. Turkmenistan News.Net Local Weather, Ashgabat, turkmenistan, Tuesday, 30°C/86°F. Clear. Wednesday,30°C/86°F. Clear. Map of turkmenistan, User Poll, What is your preferred pastime? http://www.turkmenistannews.net/

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96. Turkmenistan:Geography Geographic location Central Asia Longitude 40 00 N Latitude 60 00 E Land bordariesTotal 3,736 km Afghanistan 744 km Iran 992 km Kazakhstan turkmenistan. http://www.cac-biodiversity.org/tkm/tkm_geography.htm

Your browser does not support script Welcome to Turkmenistan Country Profile Visitor's Notepad Maps ... Photo Gallery PGR in Turkmenistan Institutions PGR Unit Members Status of Database Collection Missions ... PGR Projects Geographic location: Central Asia Longitude: 40 00 N Latitude: 60 00 E Land bordaries: Total: 3,736 km Afghanistan: 744 km Iran: 992 km Kazakhstan: 379 km Uzbekistan: 1,621 km t u r k m e n i s t a n Area: Total: 488,100 sq km water: sq km land: 488,100 sq km Land use: arable land: 4% permanent crops: 0% other: 96% (1998 est.) Irrigated land: 18,000 sq km (1998 est.) Terrain: Flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west Elevation extremes: Highest point: Gora (mountain) Ayribaba 3,139 m Lowest point: Vpadina (gully) Akchanaya -81 m. Note! Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m) Landlocked; the western and central low-lying, desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau.

97. SESRTCIC The most significant geographic feature is the Kara Kum Desert which is the largestdesert in the world Most of the mountains in turkmenistan are inaccessible. http://www.sesrtcic.org/members/tmn/tmnhome.shtml

Links Site Map Search REPUBLIC OF TURKMENISTAN General Information Total Land Area: 469,930 km Land boundaries: 3,736 km Coastline: km (Landlocked) Capital: Ashgabat Other Large Cities: Chardzhou, Dashhouruz, Mary Official Language: Turkmen National Currency Unit: Turkmen Manat (TMM) National Day: October 27 Location and Geography Turkmenistan is located in Central Asia, to the North of the Kopet Dag mountain range between the Caspian Sea and Amu Derya River. The country is bordered by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the North and North-east, and Iran and Afghanistan in the South and South-east. The most significant geographic feature is the Kara Kum Desert which is the largest desert in the world and covers 80 percent of the country’s total land area. Most of the mountains in Turkmenistan are inaccessible. The relic of the ancient “silk road” runs from central China through Turkmenistan until it reaches to the Mediterranean coast. Turkmenistan is located in one of the world’s highest seismic regions. The climate is subtropical desert and quite hot in summer. Demography Population: 4.84 million (2001)

98. CIA WORLD FACTBOOK 1995 Via The Libraries Of The University Of Missouri-St. Loui Match 243 DB Rec 7,695 Dataset-WOFACT Title turkmenistan Text turkmenistanGeography Location Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact95/wf950242.htm

From: The CIA's THE WORLD FACTBOOK 1995 University of Missouri-St. Louis Index to The World FactBook 1995 UMSL Government Documents ... UMSL Home Cite: The World Factbook IN National Trade Data Bank: The Export Connection (disk 2 of a 2 disk set), January, 1996, United States Department of Commerce ( http://www.doc.gov/ ),Economics and Statistics Administration ( http://www.doc.gov/resources/ESA_info.html SuDoc No: C1.88:996/2/v.2 This publication is also available online from the CIA ( http://www.odci.gov/cia ) as 1995 World Factbook http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/index.html The printed version of this item can be found under the title: The World Factbook 1995 SuDoc No: PREX 3.15:995 Select this link for contact information about the UM-St. Louis Librarians maintaining this site. Updated: March 12, 1996

99. GEODOK - Search For Turkmenistan List of papers in the Virtual Geographic Library Database GEODOK Searchfor turkmenistan. Virtual Geographic Library Database GEODOK. http://www.geodok.uni-erlangen.de/cgi-bin/geodok/_geodok.pl?s1=Turkmenistan

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