61. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Turkmenistan turkmenistan. capital, Ashgabat. AkhalTeké, horse breed native to turkmenistan.business and economy. cities. foreign relations. geography and environment. http://encarta.msn.com/related_761555783/Turkmenistan.html

var fSendSelectEvents = true; var fSendExpandCollapseEvents = true; var fCallDisplayUAText = false; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Related Items from Encarta Turkmenistan capital, Ashgabat Akhal-Tek©, horse breed native to Turkmenistan business and economy cities ... , formerly Ashkhabad, capital and largest city of Turkmenistan, in the southwestern part of the country, about 25 km (about 15 mi) north of the... View article Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers Try MSN Internet Software for FREE! MSN Home My MSN ... Feedback

62. Travel Links And Country Facts To Maps And Geography Maps and geography turkmenistan. http//geography.about.com/library/maps/blturkmenistan.htmMaps and geography - turkmenistan, Hits 21 2003/3/21. http://travel.con2web.com/modules/mylinks/ratelink.php?lid=10238

63. Travel Links And Country Facts To Maps And Geography http//geography.about.com/library/maps/blturkmenistan.htm Maps and geography turkmenistan,Hits 21 2003/3/21. About.com - Maps and geography - turkmenistan. http://travel.con2web.com/modules/mylinks/brokenlink.php?lid=10238

64. LookSmart - Directory - Republic Of Turkmenistan TurkmenNet Provides access to the geography, language, and companylistings for turkmenistan. Discuss issues on a open forum. We http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317916/us559898/us559967/us560000/

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Society Countries Asia Republic of Turkmenistan - Directory supplies information about the Asian nation's government, media, society and news. Directory Categories Reference Desk Travel Directory Listings About allRefer Reference - Turkmenistan, Country Study Explore Turkmen history, environment, population, religion, society, education, welfare, transportation, health, politics, foreign policy, and national security. CIA World Factbook - Turkmenistan Resource on this central Asian country, detailing facts about the geography, economy, people and transportation. Includes a map. Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, DC Find a fact sheet on Turkmenistan, tourism features, business guides, and speeches and press releases. Includes links to related resources. Human Rights Watch- Turkmenistan Reports on crackdowns against political and religious dissidents in the year 2000. Infoplease.com - Turkmenistan Discover the capital of this Asian nation, its population, religions, and languages spoken. Find out facts on its history and geography, too. The University of Sheffield - Work in Turkmenistan Presents a detailed synopsis of current research at the sites of Bolshoi Balkan and Jeitun in southern Turkmenistan.

65. LookSmart - Directory - Turkmenistan Reference Desk Reference Desk. turkmenistan Reference Desk Survey maps, geography,flags, statistics, facts, and weather. Directory Categories. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317916/us559898/us559967/us560000/us1

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Society Countries Asia ... Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Reference Desk - Survey maps, geography, flags, statistics, facts, and weather. Directory Categories Country Facts Flags Directory Listings About allRefer Reference - Turkmenistan, Country Study Explore Turkmen history, environment, population, religion, society, education, welfare, transportation, health, politics, foreign policy, and national security. CIA World Factbook - Turkmenistan Resource on this central Asian country, detailing facts about the geography, economy, people and transportation. Includes a map. Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, DC Find a fact sheet on Turkmenistan, tourism features, business guides, and speeches and press releases. Includes links to related resources. Human Rights Watch- Turkmenistan Reports on crackdowns against political and religious dissidents in the year 2000. Infoplease.com - Turkmenistan Discover the capital of this Asian nation, its population, religions, and languages spoken. Find out facts on its history and geography, too. The University of Sheffield - Work in Turkmenistan Presents a detailed synopsis of current research at the sites of Bolshoi Balkan and Jeitun in southern Turkmenistan.

66. Tolerance.org TURKMENISTAN A Cultural Geography turkmenistan A Cultural geography Area 488,000 sq km (188,418 sq mi) Slightlylarger than California, turkmenistan is 80% covered by the subtropical, sandy http://www.tolerance.org/news/article_tol.jsp?id=290

67. Turkmenistan Chaihana - Introduction (go to links page) For more extensive information about the culture, geography,and history of turkmenistan, please visit the other links. http://www.chaihana.com/turktext.html

A Very Brief Introduction to Turkmenistan by Greg Lastowka Turkmenistan is a desert country located in Central Asia to the north of Iran and to the east of the Caspian Sea. It is a newly independent state as of 1991, and was formerly a republic of the Soviet Union. The Turkmen people speak the Turkmen language, which is a Turkic language (similar to Turkish, Kazakh, and Uzbek). Turkmenistan was a birthplace of early civilization. In Bairamali, the walls of Ancient Merv, over 2000 years old, are incorporated into the walls of contemporary houses. Though the territory of Turkmenistan was at times a part of various dynasties and empires, "Turkmenistan" was never really a country prior to the twentieth century, but was instead a region inhabited by distinct tribes that shared a common culture. The history of Turkmenistan and the Parthian and Selucid empires, can be found on various Internet websites. ( go to links page The contemporary borders of Turkmenistan were drawn by Josef Stalin. Soviet membership changed Turkmenistan's culture and people in many ways. Though initial resistance to Russian occupation had been fierce, over time the majority of Turkmen, especially those in the urban centers, came to regard themselves as Soviets citizens. Many Turkmen people learned to speak Russian, and Russian language ability was a practical requirement for participation in government. Russian schools were built to promote the goals of Soviet society, and achieved some remarkable results. The Soviets helped develop agriculture and industry in the area, though some of their methods, most notably the draining of the Aral Sea, have led to serious ecological problems.

68. Turkmenistan Tours | Turkmenistan Tour Guide 81.00 m; note Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern turkmenistan with a geography- note landlocked; the western and central low-lying, desolate portions of http://iexplore.nationalgeographic.com/dmap/Turkmenistan/Overview

dateString = 1120423181; Home Site Index Customer Service Shop MAGAZINES: National Traveler Adventure NG Kids NG Explorer TV AND FILM: Channel (U.S.) Channel (Intl) Explorer GUIDES: Adventure and Animals and History and Maps and News Photography Travel For Kids For Students For Teachers Complete Site Complete Site Index Subscribe Shop Call 1-800-iExplore Keyword Trip Search: Home Trip Finder Destination Guides Join / Sign-in ... Turkmenistan Overview E-mail this page Keyword Search Help Turkmenistan Travel Travel and Trips Turkmenistan Overview Visa and Travel Advisories ... Health and Vaccinations Monthly Newsletter Sign-up for monthly travel specials Save up to 50% Privacy Statement Turkmenistan Tours Overview Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects can be worked out. Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan

69. Geography geography. on the north west by the Caspian Sea, on the east by Xorâsân province,on the west by Mâzandarân province, on the nortn by turkmenistan, and on http://medlem.spray.se/davidgorgan/Geography.html

W elcome to homepage (Northern Iran) Birds Climate Caspian Sea Fishes ... Home Geography Geology Caspian Sea Lakes Noqre Tape ... Water Supply Gonbad Steppe Block SeeMap Accessibility and Water Supply Geology Hezar Masjed mountains* basin. The lower Cretaceous Tirgan formation was gas bearing in Qezel Tape structure. The active mud volcano of Naftice is also located in this block. Tectonic: The brown beds are folded in the Pasadenian folding phase. As the area is covered by recent sediments, the structures are defined by seismic survey. Previous Works: Geological studies are carried out in the surrounding mountains and drilled wells. The region is covered by the gravity, magnetic and seismic surveys. Minimum Expected Scope of Work: The following studies is recommended:1) 1,000 km 2D seismic survey. 2) 180 km 3D seismic survey. 3) Drilling and testing of 2 wells. *In some documents a part of the HezarMasjed mountain range is known as Kopeh Daq. The direction of the Hezar Masjed Links: Biosphere Reserve Directory Engineering geological survey for...

70. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results 1. World geography turkmenistan (turkmen-uh-STAN, turk-men-uh-STAHN, turk-MEN-uh-stan)The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy; January 1, 1988 http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_dictiona

71. Turkmenistan.it - Geography The summary for this Esperanto page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.turkmenistan.it/turkgeogru.html

72. BUBL LINK / 5:15 Internet Resources: Turkmenistan CIA World Factbook 2000 turkmenistan Basic reference information about turkmenistan,including details of geography, people, economy, government http://bubl.ac.uk/link/t/turkmenistan.htm

BUBL LINK / 5:15 Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus A-Z ... About Turkmenistan A-Z Index Titles Descriptions CIA World Factbook 2000: Turkmenistan Ethnologue Language Database: Turkmenistan Human Rights in Turkestan Internet Resources for Russian Studies ... World Travel Guide: Turkmenistan Page last updated: 17 March 2003 Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk CIA World Factbook 2000: Turkmenistan Basic reference information about Turkmenistan, including details of geography, people, economy, government, communications, transportation, military and transnational issues. Geographical information includes area, population, flag, maps, high and low points, co-ordinates, boundary length, border countries, climate, land use and natural resources. Author: CIA Subjects: turkmenistan DeweyClass: ResourceType: document Location: usa Last checked: Ethnologue Language Database: Turkmenistan A catalogue of all the languages and dialects spoken in Turkmenistan, with details of the numbers of speakers of each language. Also some demographic data such as rates of literacy, blindness and deafness. Author: Summer Institute of Linguistics Subjects: turkmenistan DeweyClass: ResourceType: document Location: usa Last checked: Human Rights in Turkestan Set of resources providing news and historical information about Turkestan and the Uzbek capital, Tashkent. Offers a general discussion on human rights in Central Asia and more detailed accounts of conditions throughout Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan and Eastern Turkestan.

73. Sample: Atlas: Turkmenistan: Full Data Elevation extremes, lowest point Vpadina Akchanaya 81.00 m; note - Sarygamysh Koliis a lake in northern turkmenistan with a water geography - note, landlocked. http://sps.clevernamehere.com/sps/stage/tx_geo.html

[Flag image missing. Images distributed separately.] Home Atlas Turkmenistan Summary Map ] [Geography] [ Population Economy Government Communications ... All Data Location Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran [ info ] and Kazakhstan [ info Geographic coordinates 40 00 N, 60 00 E Map references Commonwealth of Independent States Area total: 488,100 sq km land: 488,100 sq km water: sq km Area - comparative slightly larger than California Land boundaries total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan [ info ] 744 km, Iran [ info ] 992 km, Kazakhstan [ info ] 379 km, Uzbekistan [ info ] 1,621 km Coastline km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Maritime claims none (landlocked) Climate subtropical desert Terrain flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west Elevation extremes lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81.00 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m) highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m

74. Regional Links CULTURE Turkmens International Homepage by Farzad Marjani; Magtumguly s Poetry- in Russian. ENVIRONMENT State of the Environment turkmenistan 1998. geography http://www.wisc.edu/creeca/links/turkmenistan.html

Turkmenistan - We are currently overhauling our links pages. Most broken links have been removed. Thanks for your patience. General Sites Country Overview Online News Laws ... Travel GENERAL SITES Turkmenistan Resource Page - by EurasiaNet.org Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, DC Baskurt: A Turkmenchelik Site CountryWatch.com - Turkmenistan COUNTRY OVERVIEW CIA World Factbooks - Trukmenistan Factbook 2000 Enhanced Version of Factbook 1994 UNDP Human Development Report - Turkmenistan 1996 Report Summaries of National Human Development Reports 1995 - Turkmenistan Trukmenistan - A Country Study - US Library of Congress Nations in Transit - Trukmenistan - from Freedom House's 1998 annual report ONLINE NEWS Turkmenbashi - in Russian Washington Post/AP - Turkmenistan Turkmenistan - Political Background - "Media in the CIS" Web Site Turkmenistan Elections Watch - by EurasiaNet Mejlis (Parliament) of Turkmenistan - information from the PARLINE database Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members in Turkmenistan Saparmurad Nijazov NUPI Database - Nijazov's short biography Danko's pages: Turkmenbashi Cult - by Danko Taborosi Institution-Building and Decay in Post-Soviet Turkmenistan - by Alexander Cooley (December 1997) Formation of the Foreign Policies of Turkmenistan - by Murad Esenov (1994, in Russian)

75. Search Results For Turkmenistan - Encyclopædia Britannica turkmenistan Brief essays on history, geography, foreign policy, healthand medical issues, and transportation and infrastructure. http://www.britannica.com/search?query=turkmenistan&ct=&fuzzy=N

76. Turkmenistan Definition Meaning Information Explanation geography. Main article geography of turkmenistan The country is approximately 488,100square kilometers. 90% of the country is covered by the Kara Kum desert. http://www.free-definition.com/Turkmenistan.html

A B C D ... Contact Beta 0.71 powered by: akademie.de PHP PostgreSQL Google News about your search term Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia . It has borders with Afghanistan Iran Kazakhstan Uzbekistan and has a coastline on the Caspian Sea Turkmenostan Respublikasy coat of arms In Detail (Full size) National motto : Xxxxx Official language Turkmen Capital Ashgabat ... Area - Total - % water Ranked 51st Negligible Population - Total (2002) Density Ranked 113rd Independence - Declared - Recognised (Event Xxxx) October 27 (Year) Currency Turkmen manat Time zone UTC National anthem Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem Internet TLD .TM Calling Code Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 History 2 Politics 3 Welayatlar 4 Geography ... 8 Miscellaneous topics History Main article: History of Turkmenistan Annexed by Russia between and , Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in . It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in See also: Republics of the Soviet Union Politics Main article: Politics of Turkmenistan President Saparmurat Niyazov retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. An all pervasive cult of personality is in place, with President Niyazov as

77. Vitalog.com - Search By Location geography, Country name turkmenistan Capital city Ashgabat Location CentralAsia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan Population http://www.vitalog.com/cgi-bin/exploring/country.cgi?cod=1244&ctype=birth&sort=n

78. Turkmenistan - Atlapedia Online LOCATION AND geography turkmenistan is located in Central Asia andis a former republic of the USSR. It is bound by the Caspian http://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/turkmeni.htm

OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Turkmenistan CAPITAL: Ashgabat SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: Multiparty Republic AREA: 488,100 Sq Km (188,500 Sq Mi) ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION: LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY: Turkmenistan is located in Central Asia and is a former republic of the USSR. It is bound by the Caspian Sea to the west, Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the northeast and east, Afghanistan to the southeast and Iran to the south. Around 85% of the land area consists of the Kara Kum Desert while the only significant upland areas are along the southern and eastern borders, of which Mt. Kopet rises to 2,940 metres (9,650 feet). The country's only major river is the Amu-Darya which flows along the Uzbekistan border in the northeast. Major Cities (pop. est.); Ashgabat 416,400, Charjew 166,400, Dashhowuz 117,000, Mary 94,900, Nebit-Dag 89,100 (1991). Land Use; forested 8%, pastures 63%, agricultural-cultivated 3%, other 26% (1993). CLIMATE: Turkmenistan has an arid, continental climate with long hot summers and short cold winters. Average annual precipitation varies from 76 mm (3 inches) in the desert areas to 305 mm (12 inches) or more in the southern mountains. Cold air masses from Siberia can cause winter temperatures to reach -34 degrees Celsius (-29 degrees Fahrenheit), however, the average temperature in summer is 29 degrees Celsius (85 degrees Fahrenheit) and degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) in winter. PEOPLE: The principal ethnic majority are the Turkmen who account for 72% of the population while 10% are Russians and 9% are Uzbeks. Other ethnic minorities include Ukrainians, Armenians, Azerbaiji, Kazakhs, Tartars and Belarussians.

79. Turkmenistan History And Geography Introduction. Top of Page. Background Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885,turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. geography. Top of Page. http://www.worldhistory.com/geos/tx.htm

80. TULP's Sites For Geography & General Information geography General Information. excellent subject maps Links to Chapters on Azerbaijan,Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/tcimo/tulp/topical/geogen.htm

The Turkology Update Leiden Project(TULP) Turkey From the Republic of Turkey From the USA Central Asia Country Profiles From the USA Resources From the Republic of Turkey DIE, Prime Ministry State Institute of Statistics (SIS) - Homepage - Provided by the DIE - All sorts of official figures on Turkey - Links to statistics pages on Main Economic and Social Indicators, 1997 General Population Census, Latest Figures and more... (especially on economy) From the CIA The World Factbook - Alphabetical Index - Provided by the CIA - Gives up-to-date geographical, demographical, economical information and more, for any country (or region) you choose. Includes several excellent subject maps - Links to Chapters on Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and many more... CIA Atlas of the Middle East - Map Collection - Provided by the CIA - A collection of beautiful subject maps of all middle eastern countries from the Perry Castaneda Library. Unfortunately some of the information is obsolete. For every country there's not only a general country map, but also maps and illustrations on administrative divisions, area comparison, country information, economic activity, land use, population density and time lines - Links to maps on Turkey include Country Map (709k), Administrative Divisions (119k), Area Comparison (34k), Country Information (88k), Economic Activity (126k), Land Use (112k), Population Density (110k), Time Line (158k)

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