1. Turkey History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Cu No claims are made regarding the accuracy of turkey history information contained here for corrections of any errors about turkey history should be addressed to the Library of http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/turkey/turkey_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Turkey History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/turkey/turkey_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting Ancient Anatolia Hittites ... Economic Stabilization and Prospects for the 1990s NOTE: The information regarding Turkey on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Turkey History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Turkey History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/turkey/turkey_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

2. Turkey History And Lore Turkey for the Holidays is your guide to this traditional holiday meal. Includes cooking techniques, selection, carving, side dishes, nutrition, food safety, using leftovers, and interesting facts http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/turkey/history.html

Dressing a Really Big Bird Without turkeys, Big Bird would be naked. Big Bird, of Sesame Street fame, is actually dressed in turkey feathers. Although he is not a turkey, his costume is made of nearly 4,000 white turkey feathers, which have been dyed bright yellow. The First Turkey Trot Turkey: The National Bird? Ben Franklin thought the North American wild turkey should be the national bird. Of course, the turkey of his day was nothing like the domesticated descendants we know today. The wild turkey of Ben Franklin's day was a brightly plumed, cunning bird of flight. Unlike eagles, turkeys live in flocks. Imagine seeing a flock of birds as large as turkeys flying across the sky. It must have been a wondrous sight. Wild turkeys have longer necks and legs as well as smaller breasts than turkeys bred for the table. The true American turkey was "wild and wary to the point of genius," said author G. T. Klein. Ben Franklin on the Turkey as the National Bird http://www.clickondetroit.com/sh/holidays/stories/holidays-20001113-135438.html

3. Turkey History | Lonely Planet World Guide Muhammed was born in Mecca and the scene was set for one of history s most astounding of the 11th century was the first to rule what is now Turkey, Iran and http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/middle_east/turkey/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Postcards Turkey History The Ottoman Empire began as the banding together of late 13th century Turkish warriors fleeing the Mongols. By 1453 the Ottomans under Mehmet the Conqueror were strong enough to take Constantinople. Sultan S¼leyman the Magnificent (1520-66) oversaw the apogee of the empire: beautifying Constantinople, rebuilding Jerusalem and expanding the Ottomap to the gates of Vienna. But few of the sultans succeeding S¼leyman were capable of great rule and the Ottoman Empire's long, celebrated decline had begun by 1585. By the 19th century, decline and misrule made ethnic nationalism very appealing. The subject peoples of the Ottoman Empire revolted, often with the direct encouragement and assistance of European powers. After bitter fighting in 1832, the Kingdom of Greece was formed; the Serbs, Bulgarians, Rumanians, Albanians, Armenians and Arabs would all seek independence soon after. The European powers hovered vulture-like over the disintegrating empire, while within Turkey various disastrous attempts to revivify the country were undone by the unfortunate decision to side with Germany in WWI. In 1918, the victorious Allies set to carving up Turkey. It didn't look good. At this point Ottoman general Mustafa Kemal began to organise resistance, sure that a new government must seize the fate of Turkey for the Turkish people. When Greece invaded Smyrna and began pushing east, the Turks were shocked then galvanised into action. The War of Independence lasted 1920-22, ending in a bitterly won Turkish victory and the abolition of the sultanate. Mustafa Kemal (Atat¼rk or Father Turk) undertook the job of completely remaking Turkish society. By the time he died in 1938, a constitution had been adopted, polygamy abolished and the fez, mark of Ottoman backwardness, was prohibited. Islam was removed as the state religion, Constantinople became Istanbul and women obtained the right to vote. Atat¼rk remains a true hero in Turkey: his statue is everywhere and there are laws against defaming or insulting him.

4. Turkey: History turkey history. CONTENT. INTRODUCTION 1. Political situation 2. Economy 3. Health Education 4. Religions Peoples 5. History, This http://i-cias.com/e.o/turkey_5.htm

Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Turkey: History CONTENT INTRODUCTION Political situation Economy History This summary starts in 1923, which marked the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and the rise of the new Turkey. For full pre-1923 history, see the articles on Ottoman Empire After the postwar occupation, and a war for independence, the Turkish republic is proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal takes the position of president. Ankara is being prepared to become the capital of the new country. Kemal defines the new Turkey as a secular republic, based on the indirect will of its people, on a Turkish national feeling and on governmental influence on the economy. All these changes were to be implemented immediately. The Caliphate is abolished, but this was short-lived, and never had much international influence. The abolishment instituted by Kemal was another effort to break free from the Ottoman past of Turkey. The 15 years of Kemal at the lead, was a period of clever and moderate political leadership, based upon European ideals. Turkey had significant economical growth, and made great steps in direction of being considered a European state. Mustafa Kemal receives the honorary title Atatürk , 'father of the Turks', from the Grand National Assembly.

5. Turkey History & Turkey Culture | IExplore turkey history. Turkey Travelers Reviews. Ken Leiter What did you enjoy most about Turkey? The buildings and history around them. The artwork. http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Turkey/History

dateString = 1120400423; FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 4 YEARS IN A ROW TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Your experts in adventure and experiential travel Keyword Search: Home Trip Finder Destination Guides Join / Sign-in ... Turkey History E-mail this page Turkey Travel Travel and Trips Turkey Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Monthly Newsletter Sign-up for monthly travel specials Save up to 50% Privacy Statement Popular Trips to Turkey Istanbul Antalya Ankara Izmir ... Blue Mosque Turkey History One look at the names of its ancient cities confirms Turkey's place in the history of human civilization: Constantinople (Byzantium), Troy, Midas, Antioch, Philadelphia, Halicarnassus, Mt. Ararat. The land has a rich and complicated history - and the "Turks" have only been there for about a thousand years! Also known as Anatolia and Asia Minor, Turkey was settled as early as 7000 BC, but historians don't really know much about the people who lived there until the Hittites arrived around 2000 BC. The Hittites managed to control a good portion of Anatolia, but their rule was interrupted and overthrown by a succession of smaller states, including the Phrygians, the Lydians and Lycians. Eventually, the great empires of Greece and Persia showed up, too, followed by the Romans. Constantinople (formerly Byzantium and later Istanbul) was founded in the 4th century AD. It soon came to rival Rome as the seat of the Christian world, and the city flourished in this position for hundreds of years. Not until the formal split between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy (AD 1054) and the arrival of the Selcuks (Turks) in the late 11th century did the city begin to lose its luster.

6. History Of Turks And Turkey History of Turks and Turkey. The Republic of Turkey, founded in 1923, has its roots in two historical sources deep in the depths of the past. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/grupc/ca/cab/default.htm

Printer Friendly Version History of Turks and Turkey The Republic of Turkey, founded in 1923, has its roots in two historical sources deep in the depths of the past. One of these resources inherited by modern Turkey is the successful and shining history of the Turks over a time frame of more than 4,000 years. The other is the fact that Turks have been settled in Anatolia since the 11th century. The Huns The first Turkish tribe that is mentioned in history is the Huns. Clear records about the Huns made their appearance in the 8 th century B.C. Chinese sources refer to the Huns as Hiung-nu and in time, some of the Huns migrated to the West. The Gokturks Founded in 552 AD by Bumin Khan, the Gokturks engaged in widespread diplomatic activity. The famed Orhun epitaphs from this period are made up of the tombstone inscriptions of Tonyukuk (d.720), Kültigin (d.731) and Bilge Kagan (d.734) The Uygurs The rule of the Göktürks was brought to an end in the year 745 by the Uygurs, who were of the same ethnic stock as themselves. In this manner all the Turks who had converged under the banner of the Göktürks were dispersed to that of the Uygurs that the agricultural basin where they lived became known as Turkistan. In the year 1229, the Mongols put an end to Uygur sovereignty; the Uygurs however, became their cultural and political mentors. The Turks and Islam Contacts between the Turks and Moslems commenced at the beginning of the 8th century and some of the Turks began to favour Islam. However the pro-Arab policies of the Omayads (661-750 A.D) restricted these relations somewhat. Later, many Moslem Turks took office in the Abbside government and because of this, great interest in the Islamic world spread among the Turks beyond the River Ceyhun. Commercial caravans also played a major role in the spread of Islam into the steppes of Central Asia. The Turks became fully Moslem by the 10th century, and this resulted in the achievement to political unity. Following these developments, the first Moslem Turkish state was formed by the Karahans.

7. Turkey History & Turkey Culture | IExplore turkey history. Turkey Travelers Reviews. Ken Leiter What did you enjoy most about Turkey? The buildings and history around them. The artwork. http://iexplore.nationalgeographic.com/dmap/Turkey/History

dateString = 1120401044; Home Site Index Customer Service Shop MAGAZINES: National Traveler Adventure NG Kids NG Explorer TV AND FILM: Channel (U.S.) Channel (Intl) Explorer GUIDES: Adventure and Animals and History and Maps and News Photography Travel For Kids For Students For Teachers Complete Site Complete Site Index Subscribe Shop Call 1-800-iExplore Keyword Trip Search: Home Trip Finder Destination Guides Join / Sign-in ... Turkey History E-mail this page Keyword Search Help Turkey Travel Travel and Trips Turkey Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Monthly Newsletter Sign-up for monthly travel specials Save up to 50% Privacy Statement Popular Trips to Turkey Istanbul Antalya Ankara Izmir ... Blue Mosque Turkey History One look at the names of its ancient cities confirms Turkey's place in the history of human civilization: Constantinople (Byzantium), Troy, Midas, Antioch, Philadelphia, Halicarnassus, Mt. Ararat. The land has a rich and complicated history - and the "Turks" have only been there for about a thousand years! Also known as Anatolia and Asia Minor, Turkey was settled as early as 7000 BC, but historians don't really know much about the people who lived there until the Hittites arrived around 2000 BC. The Hittites managed to control a good portion of Anatolia, but their rule was interrupted and overthrown by a succession of smaller states, including the Phrygians, the Lydians and Lycians. Eventually, the great empires of Greece and Persia showed up, too, followed by the Romans.

8. Turkey History An ancient civilization dating back to the Hittites, Turkey has witnessed all from the Persians to Alexander, Rome and the Byzantines, history is encapsulated http://www.nationbynation.com/Turkey/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY ... TURKEY An ancient civilization dating back to the Hittites, Turkey has witnessed all the great empires and conquerors marching on its territory. From Troy, to the Assyrians, from the Persians to Alexander, Rome and the Byzantines, history is encapsulated in this region of Asia Minor. By the end of the 13th century, the Ottomans had begun to expand, eventually encompassing Europe, the Middle East, Arabia, and Iran. After some 500 years, the Ottomans began to weaken. Known as 'the sick man of Europe', the empire saw its possessions begin to disappear. By the first World War, the empire was almost completely reduced and it took the Father of modern Turkey, Kamal Ataturk, to seize power, regain territory (with the help of the Soviet Union) and set the borders of what is modern Turkey. In 1923, it was declared a republic and the last vestiges of Ottoman power (the Caliphate) was officially at an end. Turkey became a founding member of the United Nations following World War II (for much of the war, Turkey maintained a careful neutrality but did end up declaring war on Nazi Germany in 1945). Turkey became a major ally of the United States, which regarded it as an important bulwark both against communism and Islamic fundamentalism. Turkey has faced a variety of political crises over the years, including Cyprus (major conflict with Greece), corruption, and the emergence of Islamic fundamentalist agitation.

9. 1Up Travel : Turkey - History And Culture Of Turkey. turkey history and Culture. History The first major civilization in Anatolia was that of the Hittites, about 1900 to 1200 BC, which http://www.1uptravel.com/international/middleeast/turkey/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Airline Tickets Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Middle East Turkey ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography Life Cuisine ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Attractions Shopping Eating Out ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Turkey Guide Turkey Maps Turkey Flag More Turkey Flags ... Turkey Travel Warning Turkey History and Culture History The first major civilization in Anatolia was that of the Hittites, about 1900 to 1200 BC, which originated in the central plateau. The Ottomans emerged in history as leaders of Turks who fought the Byzantines in northwestern Anatolia. The Ottoman Empire reached its peak during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, and the social, administrative, and governmental institutions that had been evolving since the 14th century were formalized in a series of codes till the end of the century.

10. Wild Turkey History The History Timeline is also available for printing by downloading it in pdf format. Official Nest Wild Turkey Bourbon Word With The Bird Rare Breed http://www.wildturkeybourbon.com/nest/history.htm

The History Timeline is also available for printing by downloading it in pdf format Official Nest Wild Turkey Bourbon Word With The Bird ... Century Council

11. Turkey History And Geography Background Turkey was created in 1923 from the Turkish remnants of the Ottoman Empire. In 1945 Turkey joined the UN and in 1949 it became a member of NATO. http://www.worldhistory.com/geos/tu.htm

12. Turkey History Recent history (Last updated in April 2003). 1918. Defeat of the Ottoman Empire in WW I; armistice of Mudros, Turkey partly occupied by the Allied Powers. 1919. http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/laenderinfos/laender/laender_ausgabe_html?

13. Turkey History laender_ausgabe_html?type_id=9 land_id=176. Friday 14.05.04 / 0401. Turkey. Recent history. (Last updated in April 2003). 1918. Defeat of the http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/laenderinfos/laender/print_html?type_id=9&

14. Turkey History Links Search EurasiaNet. Eurasia Policy Forum. • Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia. • Caspian Revenue Watch. turkey history LINKS. http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/turkey/links/history.shtml

Eurasia Insight Analysis of current affairs Deals, Developments, and Trends Environment Hazards and Solutions Expert and Observer Interviews Culture News, Book Reviews, and Photo Essays Human Rights Monitoring and Actions Recaps Summaries of Expert Meetings Election Watch Results and Analysis East of Magnum An Online Photo Exhibition EurasiaNet Partners Contributing Sites Grants and Employment Opportunities in Central Eurasia Search EurasiaNet Eurasia Policy Forum Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia Caspian Revenue Watch TURKEY HISTORY LINKS History of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Turkish history General History from Turizm.net Discover Turkey: History of Anatolia Turkey History from the WWW Virtual Library Lycian history General history/handcraft history Kurdish History Books on Turkish History ... Ataturk history Subscribe to EurasiaNet Enter your email address below to receive our weekly bulletin: Check here to be notified of our meetings in New York

15. The Wild Turkey Zone: Wild Turkey History Pre Colonial. Early America. Restoration Efforts. Ancient North Central American History of the Wild Turkey. 15th Century Aztec Drawing of a Wild Turkey. http://www.wildturkeyzone.com/wildturkey/species.htm

Home Wild Turkey Hunting Info Turkey Calls Turkey Store Articles ... Misc. F E A T U R E S Intro to Wild Turkey Eastern Rio Grande Merriam's ... Populations Introduction to the Wild Turkey - Meleagris Gallopavo History Characteristics Flocks Reproduction Diet ... Management Pre - Colonial Early America Restoration Efforts 15th Century Aztec Drawing of a Wild Turkey There are two types of wild turkey, both of which are strong fliers (up to 55 mph for short distances) and among the fastest runners (15-30 mph). One type is originally from Yucatan and Guatemala (Agriocharis ocellata; family - Phasianidae) and the other is from Mexico and the US (Meleagris gallopavo; family -Phasianidae). Fossil records have shown they were once much more widespread. They diverged from pheasants 11 million years ago and were likely distributed continuously from middle latitudes of North America to northern South America during the Pleistocene.

16. The Wild Turkey Zone: Wild Turkey History Pre Colonial. Early America. Restoration Efforts. Early Colonial American History of the Wild Turkey. In 1620, the Pilgrims disembarked http://www.wildturkeyzone.com/wildturkey/speciesb.htm

Home Wild Turkey Hunting Info Turkey Calls Turkey Store Articles ... Misc. F E A T U R E S Intro to Wild Turkey Eastern Rio Grande Merriam's ... Populations Introduction to the Wild Turkey - Meleagris Gallopavo History Characteristics Flocks Reproduction Diet ... Pre - Colonial Early America Restoration Efforts Early Colonial American History of the Wild Turkey In Some experts think that roast turkey adorned the first Thanksgiving dinner the Pilgrims had in 1621. Others credit the settlers of Virginia's Jamestown with celebrating the first Thanksgiving as their version of England's ancient Harvest Home Festival. Wild Turkey as Our National Bird On July 4 1776, the First Continental Congress selected a committee to design the Great Seal of the United States of America. It was the task of three founding fathers: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson to select a political icon that best reflected the new country.

17. Turkey History Book Finder, Book Reviews and Compare Prices for turkey history History Asia History turkey history. turkey history Book Review and Price Comparison. http://www.bookfinder.us/History/Asia_History/Turkey_History.html

Book Reviews and Compare Prices for Turkey History History : Asia History : Turkey History Home Browse Books Bookstore List Top Selling Books ... Rate Book Stores Search: Title/Author/Keywords/ISBN History Asia History Turkey History Book Review and Price Comparison Pages: Next Top Selling Books for Turkey History Crescent and Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds AUTHOR: Stephen Kinzer ISBN: 0374528667 Publish Date: September 2002 Format: Paperback Compare prices for this book Turkey Unveiled AUTHOR: Pope, Hugh ISBN: 1585670960 Format: Paperback Compare prices for this book AUTHOR: Alan Warwick Palmer ISBN: 156619847X Publish Date: August 1995 Format: Hardcover Compare prices for this book Not Even My Name AUTHOR: Halo, Thea ISBN: 0312262116 Format: Hardcover Compare prices for this book Turkey: Past and Present AUTHOR: Auretta Monesi, Enrico Lavagno (Editor), Maria Valeria Urbani Grecchi (Editor), Richard Pierce (Translator), Designed by Paola Piacco ISBN: 0760739226 Publish Date: December 2002 Format: Hardcover Compare prices for this book The Truth Will Set Us Free: Armenians and Turks Reconciled AUTHOR: George Jerjian ISBN: 0954459903 Format: Hardcover Compare prices for this book Istanbul AUTHOR: Freely, John

18. Turkey History Anatolia Ottoman Empire And Byzantium Culture And Art INTRODUCTION to the History of Anatolia. The culture. The early Bronze Age marks an important break through for the history of Anatolia. http://www.bigglook.com/biggtraveleng/history/index.asp

Bigglook Biggcinema Biggmenu Biggistanbul ... Turkish H I S T O R Y Reservations Hotels Tours Blue Cruises Air Tickets ... Weather Community Message Board Travel Articles Restaurants Recipes About Us Company Info Contact Us FAQ Recommend us History Introduction Byzantium Ottomans Ataturk Introduction 7. Century B.C. Hellenistic Age Romans Selcuks INTRODUCTION to the History of Anatolia The earliest traces of mankind in Asia Minor date back to the Upper Paleolithic era, roughly 100.000 BC.. Excavations, carried out in several major sites, provided important clues on a number of substantial human settlements from 8.000 BC on. Çayönü (7.250-6.750 BC) and Hacýlar (7.040 BC) are both dated to the aceramic age. The Catalhoyuk settlement (6.500-5.650 BC), with twelve subsequent levels discovered so far, stands out as a most distinguished center of prehistoric culture and demonstrates the first systematic urban settlement (an estimated population of 5 to 10 thousand) recorded in history. Can Hasan (5.500 BC on) to the first settlement in Troy (correspond to 3.000 BC.), Anatolia falls into a dark age with almost no remarkable progress over the dominant rural culture. HITTITES (18th-12th. BC.):

19. History Of Anatolia And Turkey History Of Turkey -Info History Of Anatolia And T History of turkey history Of Anatolia and Turkey Online reservation for turkey hotels, hotels in turkey, hotels istanbul, Turkey Hotels, hotels in ankara and http://www.istanbulreservation.com/yeni/index.php3?what=information&parentid=12&

20. Turkey History - World66 Urartians, Lycians, Lydians, Ionians, Persians, Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks and Ottomans have all held important places in Turkey s history. http://www.world66.com/asia/middleeast/turkey/history

the travel guide you write Recent Changes login register Home ... Turkey Sections Turkey Map History Getting There ... [Add Section] Maps View Enlargement History [edit this] This is no World66 image. It was found using an Internet search. more.. [Change image] [Upload image] Turkey is often called "the cradle of civilization," as it has been home to a rich variety of tribes and nations of people since 6500 B.C. Hattis, Hittites, Phrygians, Urartians, Lycians, Lydians, Ionians, Persians, Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks and Ottomans have all held important places in Turkey's history. Ancient sites and ruins throughout the country attest to each civilization's unique character. The new republic concentrated on westernizing the empire's Turkish core Anatolia and a small part of Thrace. Social, political, linguistic, and economic reforms and attitudes introduced by Ataturk before his death in 1938 continue to form the ideological base of modern Turkey. Referred to as Kemalism it comprises secularism, nationalism, and modernization and turns toward the West for inspiration and support. The continued validity and applicability of Kemalism are the subject of frequent discussion and debate in Turkey's political life. Turkey entered World War II on the allied side shortly before the war ended and became a charter member of the United Nations. Difficulties faced by Greece after World War II in quelling a Communist rebellion and demands by the Soviet Union for military bases in the Turkish Straits caused the United States to declare the Truman Doctrine in 1947. The doctrine enunciated American intentions to guarantee the security of Turkey and Greece and resulted in large-scale U.S. military and economic aid. After participating with United Nations forces in the Korean conflict, Turkey in 1952 joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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