161. ASK THE VET (Tuberculosis) Forum Talk. ASK THE VET (tuberculosis). tuberculosis is an infectious granulomatous (walled off area of infection) disease of animals and people. http://www.theaviary.com/s1295-63.shtml

Companion (Pet) Birds Main Page Articles Aviary Shop Area ... Forum Search The Aviary Search this site powered by FreeFind NEWSLETTER Join the Aviary-list our newsletter! Sign up now for twice-a-month tips, advice and more! Forum Talk ASK THE VET (Tuberculosis) by Linda Pesek, DVM Westbury Animal Hospital 319 Union Avenue Westbury, NY This article first appeared in SQUAWK, the newsletter of the Big Apple Bird Association, and appears here with permission. Tuberculosis is an infectious granulomatous (walled off area of infection) disease of animals and people. It is caused by an acid-fast bacterial rod known as mycobacterium. In humans, TB is caused by M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and occasionally, M. avium. In birds, M. avium is the usual agent although M. bovis and M. tuberculosis can cause disease as well. In humans, the incidence of TB is increasing, especially in people whose immune systems are compromised, such as those infected with the AIDS virus. All birds are susceptible to avian tuberculosis. It is most prevalent where there is a high population density, such as in zoos, or collections of birds. Brotogerid parakeets, ringneck and related parakeets, amazons, Grey Cheeks, and pionus parrots seem to be especially susceptible. Although sudden death can occur in a bird with normal body weight, the usual presentation of a bird with TB is one of progressive weight loss in spite of a good appetite. Depression, diarrhea, increased thirst, and respiratory difficulty may also be present. Decreased egg production often occurs in birds that were laying eggs. Once the disease appears, it is impossible to eliminate. Eventual death is the usual outcome.

162. DVOU Addresses issues and emerging areas of need in the lives of special needs orphans in Ukraine suffering from HIV/AIDS, Cerebral Palsy, Downs Syndrome, tuberculosis and other diseases. http://www.dvou.org/

Cyber-NY Interactive Cyber-NY Interactive

163. Patron Saints Index: Tuberculosis, Consumption PATRON SAINT INDEX TOPIC. tuberculosis, consumption Pantaleon; Therese of Lisieux. Saints Index Page Catholic Community Forum Contact Author Message Board, http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pst00730.htm

PATRON SAINT INDEX TOPIC tuberculosis, consumption Pantaleon Therese of Lisieux Saints Index Page Catholic Community Forum ... Message Board

164. Will Rogers Institute A charitable foundation in the USA supporting research in asthma, tuberculosis and pulmonary diseases. http://www.wrinstitute.org/

Tommy Lee Jones 2004 Spokesperson 2004 Summer Theatrical Fund-Raising Campaign Claim your Free Thank You! Will Rogers Institute supports research in asthma, tuberculosis and pulmonary ( lung ) diseases. Give to Will Rogers Institute. Will Rogers Institute supports research in lung ( pulmonary ) diseases. Website Map Home Page About Us Mission FAQ History Will Rogers Biography Board of Directors Financial Audience Collection Campaign Research and Health Health FAQ Laboratory Info Fellowships Pulmonary Panel Education Resources Booklets and Pamphlets TV/Radio PSA's Web Links News Desk Newsletter Press Releases 2004 Summer Fund-Raiser Donate Online Donations 2004 Summer Fund-Raiser Planned Giving and Other Options Contact Us Operated by the Will Rogers Motion Picture Pioneers Foundation, Tax I.D. # 15-0533551 Site Design: Rumble Design Site Maintenance: Cornerstone Coding

165. Tuberculosis Resources tuberculosis Annotated Internet Resources. Compiled by Allison Martin. Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis Infection in Adults and Children. http://www.comeunity.com/adoption/health/tuberculosis/resources.html

Tuberculosis : Annotated Internet Resources Compiled by Allison Martin Merck Manual Home Edition http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_home/sec17/181.htm Diagnosis, treatment and prevention. BCG Vaccine http://www.drgreene.com/960520.html Dr. Greene discusses the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine. CDC-NCHSTP-Division of TB Elimination : Major TB Guidelines http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/default.htm Technical articles on tuberculosis. International adoptions pose extra TB problems, on Dr. Ellen Aronson's website http://members.aol.com/jaronmink/tb2.htm Treatment of Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in Adults and Children. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Vol 149 1994 http://aepo-xdv-www.epo.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000413/p0000413.asp Slightly dated but substantial discussion of tuberculosis treatment of children and adults. Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center http://www.nationaltbcenter.edu/ The Online Learning section includes knowledgable factsheets on testing and treatment of TB in a Question and Answer format.

166. ADAP Drugs: Ethambutol Used in combination with other drugs for prevention and treatment of MAC and drug resistant tuberculosis (TB).(Myambutol) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/etha.html

ethambutol (Myambutol) Drug description Ethambutol is used in combination with other drugs for prevention and treatment of MAC and drug resistant tuberculosis (TB). MAC is caused by a type of mycobacteria. This type of organism causes TB as well as MAC. MAC and TB usually cause severe weight loss. It also may cause fevers, night sweats and chills. Maintenance therapy after an episode of MAC is now routine, although it is not known which of the existing available treatments is the most effective. The decision about what drug to take must partly be based on how sick you are and whether treatment has a chance of improving your quality of life. Those who have clinical symptoms but a relatively well-functioning liver and kidneys will respond best to treatment. Side effects Acute gout, chills, pain and swelling of joints, skin rash, fever, numbness, tingling, burning pain, weakness of hands or feet, blurred vision, eye pain, red-green color blindness, some loss of vision, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache and mental confusion. Dosage Ethambutol comes in 100 mg and 400 mg tablets. Adults take 15-25 mg/kg of body weight once daily. The total daily dose should not exceed 900-2500 mg. Ethambutol may be taken with food to reduce stomach irritation. The tablet can be crushed if that makes it easier to take.

167. MedWebPlus Subject Tuberculosis http://www.medwebplus.com/subject/Tuberculosis

168. ADAP Drugs: Streptomycin An antibiotic used in combination with other drugs to treat tuberculosis (TB). (Streptomycin sulfate) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/stre.html

streptomycin (Streptomycin sulfate) Drug description Side effects Severe nausea, vomiting, dizziness, rash and fever. Loss of hearing has been reported following long term use. Streptomycin should not be used in anyone with kidney impairment because it increases the risk of severe toxic reactions. Dosage Streptomycin is given by intramuscular injection. Adults are given 1 g daily in combination with 5 g of PAS and 200-300 mg of isoniazid. Ultimately the streptomycin should be stopped or reduced to 1 g two to three times weekly. How long it may take to work The total period of treatment for TB is a minimum of 1 year. Indication for stopping streptomycin may occur at any time earlier due to toxic symptoms, or if the infection becomes resistant to the drug. Managing side effects Symptoms subside and recovery is usually complete after you stop taking the drug. Roaring noises, or ringing in the ears are signs that treatment with streptomycin should be stopped. This information is specific to the use of this medication for HIV-related conditions. For additional information about this drug for other conditions, refer to: www.nursespdr.com/

169. Www-med.stanford.edu/MedSchool/DGIM/Teaching/Modules/TBcases.html tuberculosistuberculosis, Factsheet 17 October 1997. tuberculosis (TB) is illness caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb). http://www-med.stanford.edu/MedSchool/DGIM/Teaching/Modules/TBcases.html

170. ADAP Drugs: Ethionamide A treatment for MAC and tuberculosis (TB). (Trecator SC) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/ethi.html

ethionamide (Trecator SC) Drug description Ethionamide is a treatment for MAC and tuberculosis (TB) used in combination with as many as 5 other drugs. A number of different drugs are being tried for prevention and maintenance treatment of MAC. MAC is related to TB, but no one TB drug works against MAC. Maintenance treatment after an episode of MAC is now routine, though it is not known which of the existing treatments is most effective. Multidrug therapy reduces mycobacterial colony counts in blood and leads to clinical improvement, especially the reduction of fever. Side effects The most common side effects are nausea and vomiting. Other side effects can be depression, rash, low number of blood platelets, jaundice and/or hepatitis, inflammation of the mouth, mental depression, clumsiness or unsteadiness, confusion, mood or mental changes, changes in menstrual periods, coldness, decreased sexual ability, dry puffy skin, weight gain, high blood sugar levels, blurred vision, loss of vision, and skin rash. Dosage Ethionamide should be given with at least one other effective anti-TB drug. Adults take 0.5 to 1.0 gram/day in divided doses. Treatment with pyridoxine at the same time is recommended.

171. Vigilancia Epidemiológica Informaci³n sobre leptospirosis, c³lera, dengue, hepatitis viral, paludismo, sarampi³n, HIV/SIDA, t©tanos y tuberculosis. http://www.netsalud.sa.cr/ms/estadist/enferme/

Cólera Dengue Dengue Hemorrágico Hepatitis Víricas ... Tuberculosis La información contenida en cada web de las enfermedades fue tomada de: "Las Enfermedades Transmisibles en el Hombre", Unidad Centro de Información de la Dirección Vigilancia de la Salud del Ministerio de Salud. Vigilancia Epidemiologica MINISTERIO DE SALUD - COSTA RICA 2001 (c) *Bienestar y salud igual para todos*

172. Guidelines For The Prevention Of Opportunistic Infections In Persons Infected Wi US Public Health Service and Infectious Disease Society of America document outlining prevention of opportunistic infections in persons with HIV. PDF file includes pneumonia, tuberculosis, herpes, hepatitis and others. http://www.thebody.com/cdc/oiguide/guidelines.html

173. LACLATYER Liga Argentina de Lucha Contra la tuberculosis y Enfermedades Regionales, sin fines de lucro. Informaci³n, objetivos, historia, servicios (laboratorio, radiograf­as, rehabilitaci³n, medicina del trabajo). Requiere Flash. http://ar.geocities.com/laclatyer

174. American Lung Association Of California Working to prevent lung disease and promote lung health with educational programs about air quality, smoking, tobacco use, asthma, emphysema, bronchitis and tuberculosis. http://www.californialung.org/

Global Warming Concerns and Need for Cleaner Cars Rank High on Statewide Public Opinion Poll 34 California Counties Flunk Clean Air Test for Smog and Particle Pollution Diesel Systems Designed to Disable Cleaner Technology Tuberculosis Cases Increase in California ... Carol Burnett and Others Promote Free Online Quit Smoking Program Click below for FREE ads about quitting smoking and diesel health effects. Freedom From Smoking Diesel Ads Advocacy Health Network for Clean Air ... Woodburning Enter your ZIP code to see if your legislator accepts tobacco money Enter Zip Code Sign up to receive Breathe Easy , our bi-annual news magazine. Current Issue: Spring-Summer 2004 Take Action Online join the a simple way to make a difference Tell Gov. Shwarzenegger to Clean up CA's Dirty Air Reduce Air Pollution and Get Your Reduced Rental Rate or Purchase Price for an Electric, Natural Gas or Hybrid Car Now! Call 1-800-LUNG-USA to connect automatically to your local American Lung Association office. Home Local Offices Donate Volunteer ... Search 424 Pendleton Way, Oakland, CA 94621

175. British Columbia Centre For Disease Control Research and teaching centre affiliated with the University of British Columbia. Provides resources for healthcare providers, researchers, and the general public with an emphasis on tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, and hepatitis. Also includes monthly epidemiology reports. http://www.bccdc.org/

What's New Health Alerts Announcements New on the Site Employment Opportunities ... WNV: West Nile Virus West Nile Virus Strategy for 2004 Announced. See April 14 Press Release Comprehensive West Nile Information Pages Report a Dead Bird Sighting On-Line June 4, 2004 More Rabies Caution Advisory for Stanley Park Rabies Caution Advisory for Stanley Park, Vancouver. For more information see: May 25, 2004 Press Release by VCHA May 28, 2004 Press Release by VCHA June 1, 2004 More Lyme Disease Health Advisory VANCOUVER, April 23, 2004 - The warmer weather brings with it an annual note of caution against ticks that carry Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases. Precautions are recommended for anyone spending time outdoors in tall grass or wooded areas between the months of May and November here in BC. Click to download full article April 30, 2004 More SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus, called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS CoV). SARS was first seen in Asia in November 2002 in Guangdong Province, China. In February 2003, an infected person inadvertently exported SARS from Guangdong. Over the next few months, the illness spread to more than two dozen countries worldwide, including Canada, the United States, Singapore, Vietnam and many others. The SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained; however, it is possible that the disease could re-emerge. The BCCDC will continue to post updated information relating to SARS on this site as needed. For recent global updates on SARS and information and press releases about BC’s experience with SARS in early 2003, please click below.

176. BROWN UNIVERSITY TB/HIV RESEARCH LABORATORY-------HOME Researches vaccine development for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). Also engaged in developing vaccines for Hepatitis C, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and cancer. http://www.brown.edu/Research/TB-HIV_Lab/

T he Brown TB/HIV Research Laboratory is dedicated to research into the prevention and treatment of two infectious diseases of global importance - human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) Our primary focus is the development of vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) . We are also engaged in developing vaccines for Hepatitis C, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and cancer. Best if viewed at 1024x768 or 832x624 screen size, using the latest version of Internet Explorer or Site Design By Steve Gleadow © 2002, SGDesign

177. Welcome To The American Presidency Encyclopedia Americana (1786-1853), 13th vice president of the United States. He was born in Sampson county, N.C., on April 7, 1786. The Democratic vice-presidential nominee elected with Franklin Pierce in 1852, King never presided over the Senate as vice president. Ill with tuberculosis, he was in Havana, Cuba, on Inauguration Day, where, by an act of Congress, he took the oath of office. Returning to his home near Cahaba, Ala., he died the next day, April 18, 1853. http://gi.grolier.com/presidents/ea/vp/vpking.html

Ronald Reagan Dead at 93 From Radio Sportscaster to the Great Communicator Bold Economic Moves Breakthrough With the Soviets, Slip With Iran ... Bush, Kerry Campaigns Echo Reagan's Themes From Classroom Magazines Times Past - 1980: Ronald Reagan Goes to Washington (The New York Times Upfront, 2/23/04) ELECTION 2004: Summer Conventions Preview (Junior Scholastic, 5/10/04) ... HELP

178. Home - American Lung Association Site TAKE ACTIONSend the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to the Senate for Ratification (May 11, 2004) Health Effects of Ozone and Particle Pollution. The American Lung Association State of the http://www.lungusa.org/diseases/lungtb.html

window.onload = RunScroller; The American Lung Association Turns 100! (June 6, 2004) Research Improving Lives: Jan Martin American Lung Association scientific research saves and improves lives in every community in America. Through research we can eliminate lung disease and the suffering it causes millions of Americans. Read about how the American Lung Association changed Jan Martin's life. (May 21, 2004) Public Health Groups Strongly Support Bipartisan FDA Tobacco Legislation (May 20, 2004) Lung Association Applauds U.S. for Signing Global Tobacco Control Treaty (May 11, 2004) Health Effects of Ozone and Particle Pollution The American Lung Association State of the Air: 2004 Knowing the truth about air pollution, and what you can do to help, is the first step in protecting you and your family's health. (April 29, 2004) Web-Based Smoking Cessation Support Let our online program help you reach your smoke-free goal. Lung Champions Share you experience and be inspired by your peers on the 'Living with Lung Disease Wall of Lung Champions.' American Lung Association of Vermont At the American Lung Association of Vermont’s Champ Camp. For Kids With Asthma, 8 to 12 year olds experience the excitement and fun of a week long co-ed summer camp in a safe, medically supervised environment at YMCA Camp Abnaki located on Lake Champlain. Our campers are mainstreamed with Camp Abnaki Campers and participate in Abnaki recreational activities. Camp Abnaki is accredited by the American Camping Association.

179. The Website Has Moved To A New Address. If In 5 Seconds You Are The website has moved to a new address. If in 5 seconds you are not transferred to the new website, please click on the link below. http://www.umdnj.edu/~ntbcweb/ntbchome.htm

The website has moved to a new address. If in 5 seconds you are not transferred to the new website, please click on the link below. http://www.umdnj.edu/ntbcweb

180. Automatic Page Redirection Notice - Public Health Web Site Dear visitor,. The page you have requested has moved. You will be automatically transferred to its new location in 5 seconds. Please http://hna.ffh.vic.gov.au/phb/hprot/tb/tb.html

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