21. South Africa: White Settlement In South Africa --  Encyclopædia Britannica Sotho, South Sotho, Swazi Swati, Tsonga, tswana, Venda, Xhosa powers staked their claims in africa in the from most of the indigenous peoples, whether living http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=122071

22. People using iron implements, ancestors of the present indigenous peoples, came to South africa about 1 that they were early Sotho or tswana-speaking communities http://www.nfi.org.za/Tswaing/people.htm

800-year old Iron Age potsherds found near the crater lake (courtesy National Cultural History Museum) People At Tswaing Home Vision What Is Tswaing? The Crater Lake ... Crater Chat Stone Age people It is quite possible that the meteorite impact event was actually seen by humans, as the Magaliesberg and, in particular, the Wonderboompoort area south of Tswaing, had been periodically inhabited by Early Stone Age people since 500 000 years ago. However, none of the typically large and rather crude tools made at Wonderboom have yet been found at Tswaing. While there were many inhabited sites along the Magaliesberg, there probably was no need to visit Tswaing where animal and plant life only slowly re-established itself after the impact. Regular visits by people only began during Middle Stone Age times, about 150 000 to 30 000 years ago. Small nomadic groups came to Tswaing from time to time to hunt, gather edible and medicinal plants and to collect salt. They made tools and weapons of bone, stone and wood, although smaller and in greater variety then their Early Stone Age predecessors. Many scrapers, point and other stone tools that were thrown away or lost have been found at Tswaing. These objects were probably brought from elsewhere, because the Tswaing rocks are not suitable for the making of stone artefacts. At Tswaing a few stone artefacts from the Late Stone Age have been found, brought there by the ancestors of the San (Bushman) people, who lived from 30 000 to 2 000 years ago.

23. 100gogo Expedition Of Africa, Africa's Super Predators & Mammals Safari The other indigenous groups are all Bantuspeaking peoples, originally from establishing the conquest states of the Zulu, Swazi, tswana, Ndebele (Matabele http://www.100gogo.com/africa/

Africa - The Birthplace of Modern Humans You either love it or hate it . . . Africa Map Click here to see large map Introduction Features of Africa Africa is the second-largest continent , after Asia, covering 30,330,000 sq km; about 22% of the total land area of the Earth. It measures about 8,000 km from north to south and about 7,360 km from east to west. The highest point on the continent is Mt. Kilimanjaro - Uhuru Point - (5,963 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania. The lowest is Lake 'Asal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. The Forests cover about one-fifth of the total land area of the continent. The Woodlands, bush lands, grasslands and thickets occupy about two-fifth. And the Deserts and their extended margins have the remaining two-fifths of African land. World's longest river : The River Nile drains north-eastern Africa, and, at 6,650 km (4,132 mi), is the longest river in the world. It is formed from the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, and the White Nile, which originates at Lake Victoria. World's second largest lake : Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the is the world's second-largest freshwater lake - covering an area of 69,490 sq km (26,830 sq mi) and lies 1,130 m (3,720 ft) above sea level. Its greatest known depth is 82 m (270 ft).

24. Zfsheet09 Part of the tswana strategy for maintaining a Resource Management in southern africa regional workshop indigenous peoples and Sustainability Cases and Actions http://www.sardc.net/imercsa/zambezi/zfsheet/zfsheet09.html

25. FOEover the use of rhythm instruments of indigenous peoples of africa in developing an awareness of indigenous culture, the africa, among Zulu, Xhosa,tswana and Swazi http://www.fireomearth.com/lorna.html

focusing on the use of rhythm instruments of indigenous peoples of Africa Lorna is an enthusiastic consultant and motivational facilitator specializing in developing an awareness of indigenous culture, the function of ancient belief systems, and the connection with today's communities and societies. Her professional artistic and teaching career developed at an early age, while growing up in southern Africa, among Zulu, Xhosa,Tswana and Swazi tribal people. Lorna's life experiences and energy are reflected in her multi media creations which include a multitude of collective talents in jewelry design, sculptural and functional clay forms and ritual drums and rattles. Her work is included in private collections in the united states, Canada, Africa, Japan, Russia, and Europe. Colleges, Galleries, Care giving facilities, Women's associations and Boards of education have invited Lorna to percent workshops , seminars and lectures for educators and staff, students, people with special needs and the public.

26. TRC- S5-Black South Africa's Political Traditions a very well formed largescale tswana society unity had already emerged as an ideal amongst indigenous peoples. the last attempt by black South africa to throw http://www.ifp.org.za/Archive/trc/trc515.htm

BLACK SOUTH AFRICA'S POLITICAL TRADITIONS By the middle of the nineteenth century the Kingdoms of Swaziland, KwaZulu and Lesotho had already come to the realisation that continued warfare between them was destructive. King Moshoeshoe I had sent peace emissaries to King Mpande, and King Sobhuza I did likewise. There was common recognition that the growth of Kingdoms by the process of conquest could not be continued indefinitely and that there was a need for clearly defined foreign relations between the then established Kingdoms. Black leadership in the country, after the Act of Union, accepted the need for black political unity both because of the newly formed unity between whites and because the cause of black unity had already emerged as an ideal amongst indigenous peoples. The country's black leaders at the time of the Act of Union had discarded warfare as a prime mechanism of political expansion or as a mechanism best designed to maintain territorial political integrity. The Bambatha Rebellion of 1906 must be seen as the last attempt by black South Africa to throw off the yoke of oppression through revolutionary violence. They had to face the reality of the white presence in the country and they had to face the reality of the fact that this white presence had destroyed the boundaries of existing black Kingdoms. They recognised that these boundaries would never be re-established and they recognised the fact that a new multi-racial South Africa had come into existence. They recognised that blacks had either to drive the white man into the sea and reclaim the country as their own, or they had to be participants in the new reality and accept the fact that the country was destined to be a multi-racial state.

27. The Languages And Writing Systems Of Africa language, but the population is mainly tswana, who speak Yoruba, Ibo and a number of indigenous languages are in the south and Voltaicspeaking peoples in the http://www.intersolinc.com/newsletters/africa.htm

English Deutsch Español Français ... Português Three Pointe Dr. Suite 301 Brea, California 92821 U.S.A. Tel.: Fax: Toll Free (U.S.) With a global network of experienced resources, InterSol provides customized, cost-effective solutions to the challenges of international communications. Other Editions Africa The Languages and Writing Systems of Africa Country Language Script Algeria, Al Djazair, Algérie, (Democratic and Popular Republic of) Arabic, French and a Berber language. Arabic, Latin, Berber Angola, (Republic of) Portuguese is the official language, but a Bantu language is widely spoken. Latin, Bantu Benin, former kingdom, situated in present-day SW Nigeria French and Fon Latin, Fon Botswana, ( Republic of) English is the official language, but the population is mainly Tswana, who speak a Bantu language. Latin, Bantu Burkina Faso or Burkina, formerly Upper Volta French is the official language. Latin Burundi, Republic of Official languages are French and Kurundi (a Bantu language) Swahili is also spoken Latin, Bantu

28. Christianity In South Africa of Xhosa prophets, Christianity among the tswana and Sotho of the influence of indigenous religion on Shell discusses slaves and freed peoples relationship to http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v2/v2i4a12.htm

Christianity in South Africa: A Political, Social, and Cultural History. Richard Elphick and Rodney Davenport, eds. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997, 480pp. Cloth $50, Paper $25. The book is divided into five sections: The Transplanting of Christianity; The Churches of Modern South Africa; Christianity in South African Subcultures; Christianity and the Creative Arts; and Christianity, Power and Race. Since this is an edited collection, various sources are used including architecture, musical scores, indigenous poetry and oral tradition, as well as primary and secondary missionary and other written archival sources. The first section recounts the establishment of Christianity from the seventeenth through the nineteenth century in what became South Africa. Chapters deal with the rise of Xhosa prophets, Christianity among the Tswana and Sotho, the Zulu and Swazi, as well as the spread of Christianity in Transorangia. Part Three draws the reader into fascinating discussions of Christianity in mining communities, Indian communities, women's Christian organizations, and of relations between Jews and Christians. Robert Shell discusses slaves and freed peoples' relationship to Islam and Christianity in the Cape Colony during slavery and under emancipation. Shell's sensitive study draws careful distinctions between the experiences of slaves and free in town and countryside and argues that while Islam was a prime site of resistance to slavery, it declined in importance as emigration and Christian prosletyzing successfully made South Africa a Christian country.

29. EDUCATION: Zimbabwe's Miracle Fades to send their children to Zimbabwe and not South africa. they make their way into Zimbabwe, tswana parents cross indigenous peoples Where are the Missing Women http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=22401

30. The Baha'i Faith In South Africa and settled, they should teach the indigenous people of that being several different tribes and peoples in South tswana Dorothy and Ephens Senne of Phokeng http://www.bci.org/southafrica/history.html

Home News Introduction History HIV/AIDS Statement TRC Statement Calendar More Information History Only one Bahá'í remained a firm believer from that period. She was Mrs. Agnes Carey, a social worker amongst women prisoners who had been released from Pretoria prison. Because of her staunchness she was later honoured with the title of "The Mother of the Bahá'ís of South Africa". The next phase started in 1949 when a South African from Ladybrand, the painter Reginald Turvey, returned to South Africa from England where he had become a Bahá'í through his association with the well-known painter, Mark Tobey. He was unaware of the existence of Agnes Carey who was in a nursing home in Durban and so he spent a lonely 13-year period of steadfastness in the Faith. For his patience, devotion and subsequent services to the African Bahá'ís in his latter years, he was given the title of "The Father of the Bahá'ís of South Africa". During the course of the Ten-Year Crusade, 65 other pioneers from the United States, Canada, Germany, New Zealand and England came with some settling permanently. The term "pioneer" used in the Bahá'í Faith pertains to believers who voluntarily leave their homes and settle in other places which have usually been named as expansion goal areas. They are not paid for this work, but simply set up home, find paid employment and live as members of the society. In so doing, they meet people, make friends, and eventually others are attracted to the Bahá'í Faith and new communities grow.

31. H-Net Review: Elizabeth Akingbola On Fiona Macdonald, Ed., Peoples Of Africa The chapters separate indigenous african beliefs from Christianity identifies a family of tswana people despite their of Fiona Macdonald, ed, peoples of africa http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=40801012584859

32. SAfm and the Great Lakes of East africa spring to interacting in different ways with indigenous peoples with whom as high as 60%), followed by the tswana and then http://www.safm.co.za/columns/?columnarticleid=882

33. GOVZA: The Land And Its People Southern, Northern and Western Sotho (tswana); the Tsonga cater for South africa s diverse peoples, the Constitution and status of the indigenous languages, the http://www.gov.za/yearbook/2002/landpeople.htm

Deputy Presiden Ministers Documents Speeches ... Search The Land and its People South Africa can be compared to a multitude of countries rolled up into one. It offers citizens and visitors the opportunity to experience the extremes of the deserts and the savannas, the breath-taking beauty of snow-capped mountains, grasslands and the high forests and tropical mangrove swamps. South Africa also boasts a long stretch of coastline as diverse as the landscape. It is home to the Big Five (lion, leopard, elephant, buffalo and rhino) and some of the world's finest bird and plant species. But the country's biggest asset is its people; a rainbow nation with a rich and diverse culture. South Africa is often called the cradle of civilisation, for this is where archaeologists have discovered 2,5 million-year-old fossils of the earliest ancestors, as well as 100 000-year-old remains of modern man. Although South Africans come from many cultural traditions, they belong to one nation, a dynamic blend of age-old customs and modern ways, building a new South African society to create a better life for all.

34. OneWorld US - Full Coverage: Southern Africa former homeland of Bophuthatswana, the International Information Network Related africa Governance ICT of the rights of indigenous peoples - the banning http://us.oneworld.net/article/country/958/240

OneWorld U.S. Home In Depth Africa Southern Africa Search for in OneWorld Sites OneWorld Partners OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld United Kingdom OneWorld United States AIDSChannel CanalSIDA Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel TODAY'S NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... EDITIONS Southern Africa Botswana Bouvet Island Heard and McDonald Islands Lesotho ... About OneWorld Full Coverage: Southern Africa keyword topic select Development Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency Relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate Technology International Cooperation Labor Land Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social Exclusion Capacity Building Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/Sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and Investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate Change Conservation Environmental Activism Animals Forests Genetics Atmosphere Nuclear Issues Biodiversity Oceans Pollution Renewable Energy Rivers Soils Health Disease/treatment HIV/AIDS Infant Mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/Malnutrition Human Rights Civil Rights Disability Gender Indigenous Rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social Exclusion Communication Culture Freedom of Expression ICT Internet Knowledge Media Science Politics Activism Civil Society

35. Edumela Message Board ::: EDumela.com ::: Botswana, Africa, Batswana, Motswana, Posted by tswana Guy. that a country has invested so much in the betterment of its indigenous peoples . it be V that you are threatened by an africa that is http://www.edumela.com/edm_forum_viewtopicdetails.asp?category=1&topicid=469

36. THE OKAVANGO DELTA PEOPLES OF BOTWANA of the Batawana, a Tswanaspeaking group, began to conferences regarding Bushmen peoples throughout southern africa. There are are common to indigenous peoples all over the world http://www.kalaharipeoples.org/documents/Okavango.htm

THE OKAVANGO DELTA PEOPLES OF BOTWANA JOHN BOCK AND SARA E. JOHNSON Cultural Overview The People Understanding the historical distribution of people and their patterns of migration and association are key elements to interpreting the present. Members of all of these ethnic groups live outside of Botswana as well. Bugakwe, Dxeriku, and Hambukushu live in northern Namibia and southern Angola. There are also Hambukushu people in southwestern Zambia. Some Xanekwe and Wayeyi people also live in northern Namibia. Due to the Namibian war for independence and the Angolan civil war, communication and travel between Botswana, Namibia, and Angola has been difficult since the 1970s. As a result, the ethnic communities in these countries have grown apart. Although now travel along the Okavango River is easier between Botswana and Namibia, the ongoing civil war in Angola has left Angolan members of these ethnic groups relatively isolated. Today, people from all five ethnic groups live throughout the Okavango Delta. Historically the Bugakwe, Dxeriku, and Hambukushu lived in the Panhandle and eastern edge of the Delta. The Xanekwe lived in the Panhandle and along the Jao and Boro Rivers in the central and western Delta, and the Wayeyi lived along the Jao River in the northern Delta, on the northwestern side of the Delta, and on the southern edge of the Delta. The Setting South of the town of Seronga, the narrow Panhandle gives way to the wide Delta, which spreads out for over one hundred kilometers to the south, east, and west. This area is a patchwork of swampy areas and islands. The swamp is similar to that of the Panhandle. The islands are heavily forested with acacia, palm, and figs. Animal life here consists of mostly the same species as both the Panhandle and the desert savanna, with hippo, crocodile, sitatunga, and lechwe (another aquatic antelope) in the swamps and other types of antelope, elephants, zebra, baboons, giraffe and predators such as lions, leopards, cheetah, hyena, and African wild dogs on the islands.

37. South African Court Rules: Indigenous Peoples Own Their Own Land – Disposs The decision is that indigenous people who own land Dutch legal system, and where indigenous Bushmen tribes against by the dominant tswana tribes – are http://www.survival-international.org/sa_bushman_031015.htm

On 14 October 2003, in one of the most historic court judgments ever made in favour of indigenous peoples, the Constitutional Court of South Africa ruled that an indigenous people had both communal land ownership and mineral rights over their territory. Laws which tried to dispossess them were 'racial discrimination'. The case concerned the 3,000 Richtersveld people who live in Northern Cape Province. They are from the Nama subgroup of Khoikhoi peoples, and have always lived in the area called Richtersveld until they were evicted in the 1950s to make way for a diamond mine, now owned by the South African government. Five years ago, the people took both the government and the mining company to court, claiming ownership rights over both 85,000 hectares of land and the minerals it contains. They lost the case but then appealed, and the appeal court ruled in their favour. But then the mining company itself appealed against the decision. The 14 October judgment, from the Constitutional Court, is final. The decision is that indigenous people who own land under their own, unwritten, law have the right to have this upheld in spite of other legal systems which are subsequently imposed by the state.

38. Land Reform Shock In South Africa Evictions Were Illegal, Court Rules. Land Reform Shock in South africa. Here is an exciting news announcement from survivalinternational.org. in favour of indigenous peoples, the Constitutional http://www.progress.org/2003/land49.htm

Evictions Were Illegal, Court Rules Land Reform Shock in South Africa Here is an exciting news announcement from survival-international.org South African court rules: indigenous peoples own their own land – dispossessing them is 'racial discrimination' On 14 October 2003, in one of the most historic court judgments ever made in favour of indigenous peoples, the Constitutional Court of South Africa ruled that an indigenous people had both communal land ownership and mineral rights over their territory. Laws which tried to dispossess them were 'racial discrimination'. The case concerned the 3,000 Richtersveld people who live in Northern Cape Province. They are from the Nama subgroup of Khoikhoi peoples, and have always lived in the area called Richtersveld until they were evicted in the 1950s to make way for a diamond mine, now owned by the South African government. Five years ago, the people took both the government and the mining company to court, claiming ownership rights over both 85,000 hectares of land and the minerals it contains. They lost the case but then appealed, and the appeal court ruled in their favour. But then the mining company itself appealed against the decision. The 14 October judgment, from the Constitutional Court, is final. The decision is that indigenous people who own land under their own, unwritten, law have the right to have this upheld in spite of other legal systems which are subsequently imposed by the state.

39. Encyclopedia: South Africa/People slaves, and the indigenous peoples. They comprise about 9% of the total population. Most Asians descend from Indian workers brought to South africa in the mid http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/South-Africa/People

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #35 Almost half of Ecuador is protected Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: Apr 04, 2003 Encyclopedia : South Africa/People Sponsored links: Until South Africa n law divided the population into four major racial categories: blacks (African), whites, coloreds, and Asians. Although this law has been abolished, many South Africans still view themselves and each other according to these categories. These categories are also retained for the purposes of Employment Equity (affirmative action). Black Africans comprise about 78% of the population and are divided into a number of different ethnic groups. Whites comprise about 10% of the population. They are primarily descendants of

40. Community Perspectives -- TBNRM Areas In Southern Africa Natural Resource Management Areas in Southern africa african environment, the indigenous peoples were not active participants the fact that indigenous peoples and local communities http://www.bsponline.org/bsp/publications/africa/trans_perspectives/tbnrm_comm_p

Study on the Development of Transboundary Natural Resource Management Areas in Southern Africa COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES Simon Metcalfe The Biodiversity Support Program BSP Communications Our communications activities are designed to share what we are learning about how best to achieve conservation while doing it. To accomplish this, we try to analyze both our successes and our failures. We hope our work will serve conservation practitioners as a catalyst for further discussion, learning, and action so that more biodiversity is conserved. Our communications programs include print publications, web sites, presentations, and workshops. Visiting BSP Web Sites We invite you to visit our general and program-specific web sites at the following addresses: www.BSPonline.org Biodiversity Support Program www.BCNet.org Biodiversity Conservation Network www.bsp-kemala.or.id/ KEMALA: Supporting Indonesian NGOs for Community Based Natural Resource Management BSP Listserv Register to receive e-mail updates about BSP through www.BSPonline.org

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