41. The Science Of Disasters However, they also are humanmade to a startling disasters have literally been spinningout of control have been triggering the notorious tsunamis (harbour waves http://www.punjabilok.com/india_disaster_rep/issue_significance/science_of_disas

Issues Of Significance Garma Garam Saddi Dharti Sadde Log The land of five rivers Punjabi Millennium Sabhyachaar Books Literature Fiction Humor ... Poetry Faith and Religion Sikhism Sufi and Bhakti Tradition Arya Samaj Hinduism ... Islam Rasoi Punjabi Delicacies Exotic Recipes Education Institutions Studying Abroad Career... Tourism Destination Punjab Links Media Newspapers Magazines Television Online ... Radio More Health InfoTech Science Environment ... Fashion At Your Service Weather Matrimonials Free e-mail Free Web Pages ... Home The Science of Disasters Y. S. Gill W hen we talk about ‘natural disasters’, the usual refrain is that they are the consequence of the interplay of the forces of nature. However, they also are humanmade to a startling degree. Not only has human intervention ravaged the earth's vegetative cover and pushed innumerable life-forms into extinction, it has also polluted nature in all its dimensions. Natural disasters are often described as the wrath of God. They are actually the wrath of nature. Floods, cyclones, landslides, and mudflows have multiplied. Earthquakes increasingly threaten our megalopolises. Millions of people, living in huge, unhygienic city slums, are prey to runaway epidemics. Diseases have also piggybacked around the world with modern means of travel.

42. The Psychological Symptoms Profile Of The Palestinian: Exposure To Political And o Weather catastrophes (earthquakes, major floods, tsunamis). secondary stressorscan also develop when human made perpetrated disasters occur, such http://www.pcc-jer.org/Articles/Article 1.htm

The Psychological Symptoms Profile of the Palestinian: Exposure to Political and Environmental Trauma-Related Stressors. By: Dr. Khaleel Isa, Clinical Psychologist Palestinian Counseling Center November 2003 Illegal Occupation has been the experience of the Palestinian people for over 55 years. As the economic and social devastating hardships increase so have the heightened vacuum of psychological problems. The traumatic related stressors which are inflicted on the Palestinian people have developed into a diverse spectrum of inter-related psychological symptoms. However, trying to understand and identify the Palestinian symptoms which are related to their trauma can be very difficult if one does not examine the severity and persistence of these related stressors. This is why it is very crucial that before deepening oneself into what are trauma related symptoms of the Palestinian people, West Bank mental health professionals must first define the meaning of trauma. According to trauma expert, Dr. Horrowitz, 1996, describes trauma as: a) The fluctuating nature of acute and/or grief reactions that can lead to complex characterlogical adaptations.

43. Benfield Hazard Research Centre communities perception of risk Methods for participatory risk assessment Globalization,humanmade disasters and political vulnerability Social interfaces of http://www.benfieldhrc.org/SiteRoot/people/cvs/cv_ah.htm

Earthquakes Floods Climate Change Volcanoes ... Institutional Affliliations Annelies Heijmans Specialisation Disaster risk reduction Research interests Disaster risk reduction considering communities' perception of risk Methods for participatory risk assessment Globalization, human-made disasters and political vulnerability Social interfaces of disaster response, i.e. dynamics of how various actors reshape their goals, perceptions, interests and relationships when they interact to respond to disasters Telephone Fax Email bbxah@yahoo.com Short curriculum vitae 1981-1988 MSc. Land Use Planning, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands Specialisation in Rural Planning, Forestry Management, Development and Transfer of Technology. Theses: (1) Gender issues in a land reform program in the 'Lage Maaskant', Brabant, the Netherlands; (2) Consequences of Nicaragua's land reform program on the socio-economic position of male and female farmers and on the environment, Matagalpa, Nicaragua: (3) 'Space for change', an historical overview of changing perceptions on planning our environment 1987-1988 Practical Period, MIDINRA Region 6, Matagalpa, Nicaragua. (1 year)

44. DMTP - Disaster Management And Training Programme of Fire.’ Volcanic activity, earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, cyclones, droughts ManagementTeams; and Terrorism and other Human Made disasters – is currently http://undmtp.org/news.htm

DMTP ACTIVITIES United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme (DMTP), located in the Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR), Disaster Reducation and Recovery Unit (DRU), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Geneva New Initiatives: Meetings: DMTP Advisory Committee Meeting held, January 31, 2003 The DMTP workplan for 2003 was approved by the members of the DMTP Advisory Committee. Twenty one countries were selected for DMTP workshops in 2003. It was acknowledged that this is an ambitious goal but not an impossible one provided that DMTP receive necessary support from its member agencies, field staff, and the regional advisors from UNDP and OCHA. Committee members were encouraged to participate actively and support DMTP activities. In addition, the DMTP secretariat plans to develop two new training modules in 2003, one on HIV/AIDS and one on Environmental Emergencies. Eastern and Central Europe: Second DMTP Workshop in Kosovo, held in Pristina, 1-3 October, 2003

45. EQ Hazards & Risks Natural disasters. Tulane University, Flooding Flooding is a secondary effect thatmay occur due to rupture of human made dams, due to tsunamis, and as a http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/eqhazards&risks.htm

EENS 204 Natural Disasters Tulane University Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Earthquake Hazards and Risks Earthquake Risk Many seismologists have said that "earthquakes don't kill people, buildings do". This is because most deaths from earthquakes are caused by buildings or other human construction falling down during an earthquake. Earthquakes located in isolated areas far from human population rarely cause any deaths. Thus, earthquake hazard risk depends on Population density Construction standards (building codes) Emergency preparedness Examples: Worst earthquake in recorded history occurred in 1556 in Shaaxi, China. Killed 830,000 people, most living in caves excavated in poorly consolidated loess (wind deposited silt and clay). Worst earthquake in this century also occurred in China (T'ang Shan Province), killed 240,000 in 1976. Occurred at 3:42 AM, Magnitude 7.8 Earthquake and magnitude 7.1 aftershock. Deaths were due to collapse of masonry (brick) buildings. Contrast - In earthquake prone areas like California, in order to reduce earthquake risk, there are strict building codes requiring the design and construction of buildings and other structures that will withstand a large earthquake. While this program is not always completely successful, one fact stands out to prove its effectiveness. In 1989 an earthquake near San Francisco, California (The Loma Prieta, or World Series Earthquake) with a Richter Magnitude of 7.1 killed about 62 people.

46. ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION DISASTER MENTAL HEALTH NEWSLETTER hurricanes, typhoons, earthquakes, floods, tsunamis ( tidal waves to specific kindsof natural disasters, human made and technological disasters, and acts http://www.angelfire.com/biz3/news/mhm127b.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION DISASTER MENTAL HEALTH NEWSLETTER Learning From The Past and Planning For The Future MENTAL HEALTH MOMENT July 18, 2003 "Here in America we are descended in blood and in spirit from revolutionists and rebels - men and women who dare to dissent from accepted doctrine. As their heirs, may we never confuse honest dissent with disloyal subversion." - Dwight D. Eisenhower Short Subjects LINKS Mental Health Moment Online CISM/CISD Annotated Links Gulf War Syndrome WILDLAND FIRE INFORMATION ... FIRE CAREER ASSISTANCE CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS: NIMH Meeting Announcements Extension Disaster Education Network (EDEN) September 30 - October 4, 2003 Denver, Colorado THIRD ANNUAL CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP SERIES Rocky Mountain Region Disaster Mental Health Institute Laramie, WY: November 12-15, 2003 Casper, WY: November 19-22, 2003 Contact: George W. Doherty Box 786 Laramie, WY 82073 Email: rockymountain@mail2emergency.com

47. Heritage At Risk 2001-2002: Libraries At Risk fires, landslides, tidal waves, tsunamis, tempests, hurricanes Among humanmadecatastrophes, armed conflicts are differentiated from disasters due to http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2001/ifla2001.htm

H@R! : Heritage at Risk 2001-2002 LIBRARIES AT RISK Ever and again libraries have been or are at risk and not a month goes by without IFLA (International Federation of Libraries Associations and Institutions) being warned of a new catastrophe. To list all the libraries that have sustained damage for one reason or another, or that are immediately threatened, would be a fastidious task and would only attract a limited interest. Knowing those dangers, how to confront them, and how to minimise their causes and their effects in the future seems to be a more efficient process if the great number of libraries throughout the world is taken into account - along with the importance of their contents for collective memory. When speaking of the dangers that threaten libraries it is important to make a distinction between the buildings, the collections, and the information they possess, each of these being the target of different and often specific risks. Natural versus Human Threats A clear line must be drawn between unavoidable natural risks, and the catastrophes resulting from human actions. In the first category are found the great natural disasters: earthquakes, floods, fires, landslides, tidal waves, tsunamis, tempests, hurricanes, cyclones or typhoons. Even when appropriate preventive measures have been adopted, significant damages are seldom avoided. For example, IFLA has been brought-in to look at the destruction of a large part of the collections from the Franciscan library of Arequipa in Peru.

48. PREFACE // National Center For Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Other natural disasters Floods, wildfires, volcanoes, tsunamis, typhoons, cyclones Humanmadedisasters Acts of terrorism, mass-transit accidents, chemical http://www.ncptsd.org/publications/cq/v4/n2/masterdm.html

Home Topics Facts Publications CQ Subject Index Author Index Chronological List PILOTS RQ Assessment DMH Manual Reading Documents Video Assessment About NCPTSD Most Popular Pages: DISASTER MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES A GUIDEBOOK FOR ADMINISTRATORS AND CLINICIANS TEAM FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT EMERGENCY, EARLY POST-IMPACT, AND RESTORATION SERVICES BRUCE H. YOUNG, L.C.S.W. JULIAN FORD, PH.D. JOSEF I. RUZEK, PH.D. MATTHEW J. FRIEDMAN, M.D., PH.D. FRED D. GUSMAN, M.S.W. THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER EDUCATION AND EXECUTIVE DIVISIONS PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS PREFACE FORTHCOMING TABLE OF CONTENTS FORTHCOMING INTRODUCTION IMPACT OF DISASTERS Every day disasters occur and each year, millions of people are affected. Whether natural or human-made, the extreme and overwhelming forces of disaster can have far-reaching effects on individual, local community, and national stability. Though the actual event itself may last from seconds to a few days days, effects on communities and individuals can continue from months to years during the extended process of recovery and restoration. The long-term recovery of communities vary significantly due to the complex interaction of psychological, social, cultural, political, and economic factors. Risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following Casualty estimates for major earthquakes range from tens to hundreds of thousands, depending on population density, quality of building construction, and the location, time, magnitude and duration of the earthquake. High magnitude disasters can threaten to overwhelm state medical systems, pose public health threats related to food, water, wastewater, solid waste, and mental health effects, and require time-critical assistance from the Federal government.

49. Space Satellite Sensing the effect of natural and humanmade changes on Remote sensing reviews natural disasterssuch as subsidence, severe storms, floods, tsunamis, adverse coastal http://groups.msn.com/SpaceSatelliteSensing/satellitetypes.msnw?action=get_messa

50. Untitled Document hazardous phenomenon occurs, be it natural or humanmade. strike very hard and causedisasters if preventive that protect us from tsunamis, drought, landslides http://www.eird.org/ing/ninos/desastres/desastre.htm

What is a disaster? A disaster takes place when the following three conditions occur at the same time: When people live in hazardous places like, for example, close to an active volcano, on unstable slopes where landslides are likely to happen, or close to rivers which could flood. When a hazardous phenomenon occurs, be it natural or human-made. When the phenomenon also causes a lot of damage, especially where no preventive measures have been taken. Are disasters caused by people or by nature? Natural phenomena can sometimes strike very hard and cause disasters if preventive measures have not been taken or if some human activities have harmed the natural environment or upset the balance of the ecosystem. For instance, too much water that the soil is unable to absorb can cause floods, while too little water in some regions can lead to drought. But people can make the situation worse, for example when trees are chopped down and no new ones are planted. This makes the soil very dry and dusty, which can lead to erosion. When the rains come, there are not enough roots and vegetation to bind the soil together, and a landslide can occur. Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly by people. Farmers, for example, sometimes burn their fields to get rid of weeds before planting, and the fire can get out of control. Sometimes people are careless with cigarettes or forget to put out bonfires when they go camping. A little spark is sometimes all it takes to start a fire.

51. Academic Activities Of Dr Published and Presented in Solutions to Coastal disasters, Conference 2002 tsunamis,. 9th International Symposium on Natural and Human Made Hazards, October, 6 http://yalciner.ce.metu.edu.tr/publications-till-jan-2003.htm

due on Januray, 2003) LIST OF SOME PUBLICATIONS OF DR. AHMET CEVDET YALCINER The publications marked left are with the scientists from different countries BOOKS and PAPERS IN REFEREED INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS Yuksel Y, Alpar, B.,Yalciner, A.C., Cevik, E Celikoglu, Y, Ozmen, H I, Ozguven O, Bostan, T, (2003), "Effects of The Estern Marmara Earthquake on The Marine Structures and Coastal Areas" Institute of Civil Engineers Journal of Water and Marine Engineering. (in the March 2003 issue) Yalciner A. C., Pelinovsky E., Synolakis C., Okal E., (2003), NATO SCIENCE SERIES "Submarine Landslides and Tsunamis", Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, (Editors; Pelinovsky E., Synolakis C.,Okal E.) 329 Pages (expected publishing date May, 2003) Zahibo N., Pelinovsky E., Yalciner A. C., Kurkin A., Kozelkov A., and Zaitsev A., (2003), “ Modelling the 1867 Virgin Island Tsunami” submitted to Journal of Natural Hazards and Earth Systems Zaitsev A.I., Kozelkov A.C., Kurkin A.A., Pelinovsky E.N., Talipova T.G., Yalciner A.C. (in Russian order of alphabet) i(2002), “Tsunami Modelling in Black Sea”

52. Middle East Technical University Book Title Solutions to Coastal disasters, Conference 2002 by Number Of Authors 6Title tsunamis in the Symposium on Natural and Human Made Hazards HAZARDS http://yalciner.klare.metu.edu.tr/2002.htm

Middle East Technical University Academic Personnel CV Information (1.0) PERSONNEL ID: NAME: YALÇINER AHMET CEVDET FACULTY: FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT: CIVIL ENG. e-mail yalciner metu edu .tr Activity Year: EDUCATION Degree: Bachelor's Year: Discipline: CIVIL ENGIEERING University METU Country: Turkey Degree: Master's Year: Discipline: COASTAL AND HARBOR ENGINEERING University METU Country: Turkey Degree: Doctorate's Year: Discipline: COASTAL AND HARBOR ENGINEERING University METU Country: Turkey Degree: Bachelor's Year: Discipline: CIVIL ENGIEERING University METU Country: Turkey EMPLOYMENT RECORD Position: Assistant From: Month Year: To: Month: Year: Institution: METU Turkey Country : Position: Visiting Scholar From: Month Year: To: Month: Year: Institution: Tohoku University Japan Country : Position: Assistant Professor From: Month Year: To: Month: Year: Institution: METU Turkey Country : Position: Associate Professor (Title) From: Month Year: To: Month: Year: Institution: METU Turkey Country : Position: Associate Professor (Promotion) From: Month Year: To: Month: Year: Institution: METU Turkey Country : Position: Visiting Scholar From: Month Year: To: Month: Year: Institution: University of Southern California U.S.A

53. Ch3 All disasters are related to a specific Infectious disease; Insects; Rodents; Genetic.Secondary human made. seconds to hours (earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, fire http://wadem.medicine.wisc.edu/Ch3.htm

Health Disaster Management: Guidelines for Evaluation and Research in the Utstein Style PART Ill: Conceptual Framework of Disasters Geneva 17 January 2001: 6:27 AM Chapter 3: Definitions Chapter 4: Conceptual Model Chapter 5: Functional Status, Thresholds, and Indicators Chapter 6: Damage, Requirements, Supplies, and Needs ... Return to Top of Guidelines/Table of Contents Health Disaster Management: Guidelines for Evaluation and Research in the Utstein Style PART III: Conceptual Framework of Disasters Revision Date: Geneva: 18 January 2001 2:54 AM Chapter 3 OVERVIEW AND DEFINITIONS Revision: Geneva 18 January 2001 3:07 AM It is not possible to discuss disasters without clear definitions of what specific terms mean within this document. In the development of these Guidelines, it became clear that terms used in discussing disasters and the responses to them often are unclear and the meanings given were not adequate to facilitate understanding of the discussion. In many instances, the same terms have different meanings in different disciplines. Thus, for the sake of clarity, the definitions, as used in this document, are included in this Chapter. It is an objective of these Guidelines to establish a standardized vocabulary for future research and evaluations that utilize these Guidelines for the conduct and reporting of such studies. There is no assumption that the manner in which the terms as used in this document, will be accepted universally by the entire disaster community. Disaster There are many definitions of a disaster, and these definitions have been discussed in detail by Al-Mahari and Keller in a recent issue of

54. OCIPEP - Emergency Preparedness Digest strikes, and both natural and humanmade catastrophes are of the increasing risk oftsunamis and flooding exposure focused on natural disasters and accidents. http://www.ocipep.gc.ca/ep/ep_digest/jm_2002_fea2_e.asp

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS In this section: EP Digest Archive Emergency Preparedness Digest Back Issues Feature Article January-March 2002 Business resumption and continuity planning: A smart investment Patrick McCloskey Without an effective business continuity plan in place, business revenues are lost, and the interests of clients jeopardized. Scotia Capital had originally developed comprehensive business continuity and resumption plans to deal with Y2K scenarios. These plans were constantly tested and kept up-to-date, which paid off when the terrorists attacked. Staff members were relocated to backup sites, or set up to work at home. Within a week, the New York offices were up and running. Small enterprises have fewer resources to fall back on when disaster strikes. A sensible plan "The best-conceived plan is completely useless without proper staff training and constant refining through test simulations." Challenges All plans depend on communications, which were a major problem for days after the September 11 attacks. Telephone service dependent on landlines was severely limited in the metropolitan New York area. Cell phones helped handle emergency protocols and enabled employees to communicate, although contact information was not always current. E-mail became a problem too. Many corporate executives had grown accustomed to negotiating business deals and documenting transactions by e-mail. Some companies suffered interruption in e-mail service and never recovered messages. As well, increased traffic on the Internet slowed access for everyone as people around the world downloaded video streams and discussed the attacks.

55. Natural Disasters Miami State High School. Year 8C Natural disasters Webquest and links. Clickto see the full size photo taken by Michael Bath. Instructions to groups. http://www.onthenet.com.au/~townsend/natural_disasters.htm

Miami State High School Year 8C - Natural Disasters Webquest and links Click to see the full size photo taken by Michael Bath. Instructions to groups. By now you have your disaster topic - and your group has been formed. You now need to assign roles. Remember that you need a 'Webmaster' (this person will put the page together - they will design the layout and 'look' of the page - they will also be responsible for uploading the page onto the school's web site). Other team members will be responsible for the research elements of the team's website (most will be looking for the best sites to link to - one will focus on finding the best image to go on the site (this person will need to write to the owner of the image for the appropriate permission). Your website should focus on providing the links to sites which will give the best help in such matters as: Describing and defining the disaster. Where does it occur? When does it occur? What damage is caused? How is it caused? What can we do to minimise its impact on humans? Can you find records of historical events regarding the incidence of this disaster?

56. Science Earth Sciences Natural Disasters And Hazards This category serves as a collection and reference point for those parts of earth science concerned with earthquakes, hurricanes, and other natural events causing damage and destruction. Resources http://www.aodr.com/Science/Earth_Sciences/Natural_Disasters_and_Hazards

AODR Search! This Category Welcome to An Open Directory Resource search. Use 1-3 keywords to search the entire site or just a single category. Press Ctrl-D or Click Here to bookmark this site. Tsunami : The Underrated Hazard Tsunami : The Underrated Hazard by Edward Bryant Released: 02 July, 2001 Cost: $40.00 In association with Amazon.com Home Books Software Hardware ... Science Categories Avalanches Education and Research Floods Multimedia ... Science Links A Procedure to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Two Watch Warning Systems Notes from this workshop on the effectiveness of heat related health watch systems. http://www.udel.edu/SynClim/noaa.htm CBS News Disaster Links Information about a variety of manmade and natural disaster-related websites. Quick reference and access to realtime data. http://www.cbsnews.com/digitaldan/disaster/disasters.shtml Disaster Research Center Online publications, data, bibliographies, and other information relevant to the sociology of disasters. http://www.udel.edu/DRC/ Forces of Nature Educational information about natural phenomena and different natural disasters. Includes information about the causes of disasters as well as lists of the worst recorded type of each disaster. http://www.thinkquest.org/library/lib/site_sum_outside.html?tname=C003

57. SurfWax -- News And Articles On Disasters Articles on disasters from newspapers and magazines around the world. from natural disasters to manmade disasters, and emergency rights policy led to human rights disasters in Iran and http://health.surfwax.com/files/Disasters.html

Last update: Jun 11, 2004 Archives: Disasters ACE Select Markets Announces Top Ten Disaster Protection Tips: What Every Consumer Should Know about Their Homeowners Policy Jun 11, 2004 Entergy's Texas Business Receives Clarity on Regulatory Direction Jun 11, 2004 Some of those factors include, but are not limited to: resolution of pending and future rate cases and negotiations, various performance-based rate discussions, and other regulatory decisions, including those related to Entergy's utility supply plan, Entergy's ability to reduce its operation and maintenance costs, particularly at its Non-Utility Nuclear generating facilities including the uncertainty of negotiations with unions to agree to such reductions, the performance of Entergy's generating... (Yahoo Finance Electric Utilities) Congress blamed for security funding Jun 11, 2004 The measure also would allow for homeland security money to be used for natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes. Sweeney, who represents a rural district, said the effort to send the money to rural areas instead of cities "looks greedy and trite, and there isn't a justification for it.". (CNN Politics) RFID System from AXCESS International Inc. Provides Evacuation Management

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