41. Surmang - Tibetan History And Geography tibetan history and Geography. A brief history of tibet; Satellitebased maps of U-Tsang and parts of Kham; Current weather conditions and forecast. Maps Surmang. http://www.surmang.org/html/surmang_history.html

About the Monastery Biography of Chokyi Sengay Interview with Khenpo ... Ven. Aten Rinpoche Tibetan History and Geography Letters of Support Tibetan History and Geography The following links provide geographical and historical information. A brief history of Tibet Satellite-based maps of U-Tsang and parts of Kham Current weather conditions and forecast Maps Surmang Qinghai Province Road Map [click on the map to view a larger version]

42. Untitled Document tibetAN history. tibetan history can be traced thousands of years back. tibet s history can be diveded into four period. The Tsanpo s Period. http://www.tibet-tours.com/english/tibet_preface_history.htm

TIBETAN HISTORY Tibetan history can be traced thousands of years back. However, the written history only dates back to the 7th century when Songtsan Gampo, the 33rd Tibetan king, sent his minister Sambhota to India to study Sanskrit who on his return invented the present Tibetan script based on Sanskrit. Tibet's history can be diveded into four period The Tsanpo's Period This period starts from Nyatri Tsanpo, the first of the Tsanpos, in 127 B.C(historians differ in view of the date, but this date is taken from the White Annales, a reliabl book on Tibetan history) and ends in 842 A.D. at the death of Lang Dharma, the last of the Tsanpos, who was assassinated by a buddhist monk owing to Lang Dharma's ruthless persecution of Buddhism. During this period some 42 Tsanpos had ruled over Tibet among which Songtsan Gampo's rule was considered as the zenith. Songtsan Gampo was an outstandingruler, he unified Tibet, changed his capital to Lhasa, sent Sambhota to India to study Sanskrit and promulaged a script for the Tibetan on the latter's arrival to Tibet, married Princess Wencheng of the Tang Court and Princess Bhrikuti Debi of Nepal, built the Potala and the temple and the temple of Jokhang The period of Decentrailzation This period began in 842 A.D. the year of Lang Dharma's assassination, and ended in about 1260 A.D, when Pagpa, the Abbot of Sakya monastery, became a vassal of Kublai Khan, the first Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. During this period a little is known in history except that Tibet became decentralized into a number of petty principalities.

43. THDL – Tibetan History: General Chronology The Periodization of Tibetan history General Chronology. This timeline includes dates of influential Tibetan figures and major political eras. http://iris.lib.virginia.edu/tibet/collections/history/timeline_general.html

Your browser does not support javascript. Menu Loading... Home Collections History The Periodization of Tibetan History: General Chronology Compiled by Dan Martin Early empire (c. 600-842) c. 600 Gnam ri slon mtshan of Yarlung Valley made king of Tibet. re. 618-641 Srong brtsan sgam po (d. 649). Conquest of Zhang zhung; creation of Tibetan script. 641 Srong brtsan sgam po marries Chinese princess Wen-ch'eng. re. 641-646 Gung srong gung brtsan. re. 646-649 Khri srong brtsan. re. 649-677 Mang srong mang brtsan. first Tibetan expansion into eastern Turkestan. re. 677-704 Khri 'dus srong. 692 Temporary loss of eastern Turkestan. re. 704-705 Lha. re. 705-712 Khri ma lod. re. 712-755 Khri lde gtsug brtsan, aka Mes ag tshoms. 710 Married Chinese princess Kimshang. re. 756-797 Khri srong lde brtsan. c. 779 foundation of Bsam yas monastery 786 Tibetan occupation of Tun-huang. c. 792-794 Debate of Bsam yas (?). 790-c. 860 Second Tibetan colonial expansion in eastern Turkestan. re. 797-799 Mu ne btsan po. re. 799-815 Khri lde srong brtsan, aka Sad na legs; increasing influence of Buddhist monks in state government.

44. The Tibetan & Himalayan Digital Library All submissions will be clearly credited to their creators. The Collections currently contain materials on Tibetan history. The http://iris.lib.virginia.edu/tibet/collections/history/status.html

Your browser does not support javascript. Menu Loading... Home Collections History Status of THDL History Collections The History Collections were begun in March of 2002. They contain e-texts, outlines, and summaries of Tibetan historical works. The coordinators welcome all input, collaboration, comment, and criticism regarding this site. All submissions will be clearly credited to their creators. The Collections currently contain materials on Tibetan history. The Library expects to expand these resources to encompass historical traditions of the entire Himalayan region. Current Status : While we have abundant textual resources for the study of Tibetan history, these resources have yet to be analyzed and presented in a comprehensive and methodologically grounded manner. To this end the History Collections are currently focused on four primary goals: To make Tibetan historical literature more accessible to scholars, religious participants, and other interested parties at several levels: The Tibetan History Collection will contain multi-lingual (primarily Tibetan and English) summaries, topical outlines, analytical surveys, digital texts, and downloadable and printable images of major Tibetan historical works. To provide historical layers to other collections in the THDL: As digital texts, topical outlines, summaries, and analytical surveys of Tibetan historical works are added these will be linked to other subject collections and to area studies, such that from any thematic or geographic page on the THDL site the user can access both summarized historical data and Tibetan historiography on the subject.

45. Allied Committee Common Voice Vol. 1 1992 The Origins Of According to a school of tibetan history, monks and nuns of Khotan started coming to tibet to meet with Songtsen Gampo. Again, according http://www.taklamakan.org/allied_comm/commonv-2-6.html

Common Voice the publication of THE ALLIED COMMITTEE OF THE PEOPLES OF EASTERN TURKESTAN, INNER MONGOLIA, MANCHURIA AND TIBET Common Voice: Volume 2 1992 The Origins of Relations Between Tibet and Other Countries in Central Asia P. T. Takla Before the beginning of the Christian era, some of the Tibetan tribes migrated to neighbouring states, or, may be, they had immigrated to Tibet from the outflanking regions. According to the Chinese annals, f Han Hrui , the state of Tokharai (the Indo-Scythians) stretched from north of the Tunhuang Caves to the Chi-ling Mountains north of Lake Koko Nor. Hiung-Nu, a tribal king, in a battle with the tribes of Tokharai, killed the Tokharain king and used his skull as a bowl for drinking chang. Led by the queen of the dead king, the remnants of the court and many followers fled to the west in the region of Amu Daria river and settled there. The same annals state that others of the tribe fled across the mountains in the south and settled in the area of the Jangrig people (a Tibetan people who once formed the kingdom of Nanchao, presently in Yunnan province). This happened around 200-300 B.C. According to Wu Hriu , the facial features of the people of Khotan were dissimilar to those of the rest of the Horpa nomads of Drugu (Uighurs belonging to the Turkic people) and similar, to an extent, to the Chinese. Khotan in the north-west was called Li-yul by the ancient Tibetans. Since Khotan was territorially contiguous with Tibet, there are reasons to believe that the inhabitants of Khotan had originated from Tibet. In those days, the Tibetans used to graze their herds in the summer in Tibet and in the winter in the warmer climes of Khotan. In ancient times all the tribes of Central Asia were nomads, who roamed across the grasslands. This was also done by the Tibetans.

46. My Tibet - History tibet can be identified in several ways. race, shrewd in diplomacy, content in thought and action with thirteen centuries of recorded history containing no http://www.mehndiskinart.com/tibet_history.htm

Welcome Web Travelers to Tibet In the 7 th century Tibetan Buddhism was introduced into Tibet from India replacing Bon the indigenous religion of Tibet. During the Buddhist penetration Tibet grew into a strong kingdom but disintegration occurred in the 10 th century. Reintroduced in the 10 th and 11 th centuries Tibetan Buddhism took hold. Genghis Khan incorporated the area into his empire in the 13 th century. After the development of the Gelugpa sect of Tibetan Buddhism in the 14 th century the Mongols named the leader of the Gelugpa the Dalai Lama "monk with an ocean of wisdom." In 1640 the Dalai Lama was granted political power. For the last two hundred years, China has controlled the region of Tibet. The British made attempts to colonize Tibet in the 19 th Home Henna Products Shopping Mall my Tibet

47. Tibet Education Network Timeline of Tibetan history. 416 or 127 BC, Nyatri Tsenpo becomes first Yarlung King, builds Yambulagang Palace in Yarlung Valley. http://www.globalsourcenetwork.org/tibet_timeline.htm

About Why Teach Source Materials Tools Tools for the Study of Tibet Where is Tibet? Curricular Ideas for K-12 Educators Questions for the Study of Tibet Glossary of Political Terms ... Words for Reflection Timeline of Tibetan History 416 or 127 BC Nyatri Tsenpo becomes first Yarlung King, builds Yambulagang Palace in Yarlung Valley. AD 627 Songtsen Gampo, known as Tibet's first great religious king, succeeds his father, the 32nd Yarlung King, who had, at the turn of the century, begun to unify many of Tibet's kingdoms. Tibet is unified under the rule of Songtsen Gampo, Tibet's First Great Religious King: - Minister Thomi Sambhota creates Tibetan alphabet from Sanskrit - Codifies laws - Buddhist temples are constructed Trisong Detsen, known as Tibet's second great religious king, takes the throne. Padmasambhava, Indian Buddhist Master, is invited to Tibet by Trisong Detsen to pacify traditional Bon faith and help spread Buddhism in Tibet.

48. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Tibet : History : Early History, China (Chinese Politica AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on tibet history Early history, Chinese Political Geography. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/T/Tibet-history.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 12, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Chinese Political Geography ... Tibet By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z T Tibet, Chinese Political Geography Related Category: Chinese Political Geography Tibet Pronunciation Key History- Early History Evidence of human habitation dating between 12,000 and 11,000 years ago has been found in NW Tibet, and in S Tibet the Yarlung Zangbo valley was, over the centuries, the focus of ancient trade routes from India, China, and Central Asia. Tibet emerged from an obscure history to flourish in the 7th cent. A.D. Kublai Khan Next SubSections in this article: History Foreign Contacts Tibet and China Sections in this article: Introduction Land and People Economy History Bibliography Topics that might be of interest to you: Brahmaputra Chang China Dalai Lama ... com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Related Categories: Places Asia More articles from AllRefer Reference on Tibet Encyclopedia U com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics.

49. Tibet - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Article discussing tibet's history, geography and people. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet

Tibet From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Server will be down for maintenance on 2004-06-11 from about 18:00 to 18:30 UTC. Tibet Tibetan Chinese pinyin Central Asia and the home of the Tibetan people . With an average elevation of 4,900 m (16,000 ft), it is often called the "Roof of the World". In Western usage, "Tibet" may refer either to the Tibet Autonomous Region or TAR (an administrative subdivision of the People's Republic of China ), or to historic Tibet which consisted of the provinces of Amdo Kham , and U-Tsang . The TAR covers the former U-Tsang province and western Kham, the remainder coming under the present-day Chinese provinces of Qinghai Gansu Yunnan , and Sichuan . Since the former government of Tibet, led by the 14th Dalai Lama , has maintained a government in exile in northern India which claims sovereignty over the area of Tibet defined by the pre-1950 borders. Historic Tibet The historic capital of Tibet is Lhasa , which is also the capital of the TAR. Other cities in Tibet are Shigatse, Gyangtse, Golmud, Lhatse, Maqin, Pelbar, Sakya, Tingri, Tongren, Xining, Yushu, Zhangmu. Table of contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Economy 4 Demographics ... edit History Main article: History of Tibet Little is known of Tibet before the 7th century when Buddhism was introduced by missionaries from India . Tibet was a strong kingdom between the 8th and 10th centuries. Lamaism began to develop when the Tibetan kingdom weakened in the 10th century . In the 13th century Tibet was conquered by Genghis Khan , who ruled Tibet through a local

50. Aid To Tibet- History Aid To tibet Home. history of Aid to tibet. Aid to tibet has been working in tibetan areas of the People s Republic of China since 1993. http://www.tibet-foundation.org/aid/att/history.html

Aid Programmes Aid to Tibet Programmes Education ... Healthcare Development Projects Gyalten School Natsang School Sershul County Health Initiative ... Foundation Information History of Aid to Tibet. Aid to Tibet has been working in Tibetan areas of the People's Republic of China since 1993. The areas targeted for acceptance have been health, education and basic infrastructure development. All Aid to Tibet assistance has been provided with the knowledge and participation of local government, authorities and people. Aid to Tibet's initial work was channelled through the official Tibet Development Fund. During this early phase, Aid to Tibet provided assistance to: The Mount Kailash Medical School in Darchen, Ngari, Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR). Ngarongsha Tibetan Medical Hospital in Lhasa, TAR. Gyalten School in Kandze County, Kandze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Aid to Tibet also worked with the Care and Share Foundation to provide solar equipment to villages in the rural areas adjacent to the high Yangtse River. Following the TDF's move from Beijing to Lhasa in late 1993, Aid

51. Tibet - History Directory. •, when to go. •, getting there. •, health. •, travel details. •, trekking tibet. •, living buddhism. •, getting around. •, history. tibet history. http://www.cityreference.com/china/tibet/history.htm

Home China Tibet Directory when to go getting there health travel details ... getting around history Tibet

52. ThinkQuest : Library : Tibet: Left In The Wilderness A brief introduction to tibet s history. http://library.thinkquest.org/26470/brief.html

Index Cultures China Tibet: Left In The Wilderness Visit Site 1999 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students Max The Chinese High School, Toa Payoh, Singapore Junyang The Chinese High School, Singapore, Singapore Rishi ROYAL COLLEGE CUREPIPE, Quatre-Bornes, Mauritius Coaches Ilango Rengaramanujam The Chinese High School, Singapore, Singapore Tan Alvin The Chinese High School, Singapore, Singapore Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

53. Friends Of Tibet (INDIA) Data-Base: Tibet (History) Friends of tibet (INDIA) DataBase. tibet (history). tibet and China Brothers or Neighbours . (tibetan Bulletin September-October http://www.friendsoftibet.org/databank/tibethistory/

Friends of Tibet (INDIA) Data-Base Tibet (History) Tibet and China: Brothers or Neighbours.... Tibet Under China.... Blood In The Snows (Reply to Wang Lixiong).... Go Top ... Back Friends of Tibet (INDIA) PO Box 16674, Bombay 400050 www.designandpeople.org

54. English Frame From China Internet Information Center. Features history of tibet, maintaining that tibet has been an inalienable part of China since ancient times. http://www.tibet-china.org/serie_book/english/independentframe.html

This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.

55. Taj Mahal Books Dharma Publishing, Berkeley 1986. tibet ANCIENT history BUDDHISM CENTRAL ASIA....... Title Ancient tibet (tibetan history Ser.) Author Dharma http://www.indusbook.com/cgi-bin/indus/902017.html

create account browse categories terms security ... more recomendations Title: Ancient Tibet (Tibetan History Ser.) Author: Dharma] Description: Dharma Publishing, Berkeley: 1986. ISBN: 0898001374, Very good. Demy 8vo. 371pp Maps. Appendices, bibliography, indes. Crease to corner of upper wrapper, else a fine, bright copy. Item # Add to cart View more books by Dharma] TIBET ANCIENT HISTORY BUDDHISM CENTRAL ASIA. Payment and Shipping Options All material is offered subject to prior sale. Orders may be placed round the clock by phone or e-mail. Checks or money orders should be made payable to Indus Books. If you wish to pay with your Visa, MasterCard, Amex, or Discover card you may use the secure payment feature on this site, you may send the numbers in two separate e-mail messages, or you may phone(503) 281-2476. Our fax number is (503) 288-4326, but do please let us know by e-mail when you intend to send your fax so that we can have the machine on line and ready to receive it. PLEASE NOTE: IF YOU ARE HAVING YOUR BOOK SHIPPED TO A DIFFERENT ADDRESS THAN THAT TO WHICH YOUR CREDIT CARD STATEMENT IS SENT, AKA YOUR BILLING ADDRESS, WE MUST MUST MUST HAVE BOTH ADDRESSES. International customers please make checks and bank drafts in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. clearing bank. We do accept International Money Orders.

56. Skidmore SFT - Tibet's History tibet s history. http://www.skidmore.edu/studentorgs/sft/history.html

Tibet's History When trying to justify a cause, there is a tendency to interpret historical events in a way that attempts to change reality. To do this, some events will be exaggerated, leaving out certain information, or just ignored altogether. The government of China has done this when they say that Tibet has undeniably been an inseparable part of China for 700 years. Because of how many historical events have to be ignored for this statement to be accepted, it is easily denied. However, when trying to justify the pursuit of a Tibet that is not subjugated to the authority of the Chinese government, there can be the same tendency to interpret history. When trying to claim that Tibet has never been influenced by China, this statement can easily be proven false, which can be enough for some people to believe that Tibet is indeed an inseparable part of China, which is also false. But single truths will often be used to justify dozens of lies, which is why there should be a review of historical events in the region as told from multiple sources, including both websites owned by the Chinese government and websites that support the Free Tibet movement. With greater study, there would no doubt be a lot more historical events found that could be considered significant, but here are some of the biggest ones. The conclusions to be drawn should not be dictated by the following accounts of history. Everyone should be free to make their own search for truth, and decide for themselves.

57. Fifity Years In Tibet Four years later, I published Mirror on the history of tibet which has been adopted as teaching material by seven universities. http://www.tibet.cn/tibetzt/tibet50-en/talk/talk_001.htm

Home Reports Background Fifty Years in Calendar ... Mini Dictionary Talk about Tibet Unveiling the Mysterious Tibetan History I was born in January 1937. My father was steeped in the Tibetan language, astronomy and astrology, exerting deep influence on my future. Unfortunately, he died when I was very young. I studied in a private school at eight, and studied Tibetan grammar from the Living Buddha Kezhub at 14. When I was 16 years old, I studied in the Moinzekang (Tibetan Medicine Hospital), where I was taught the Four-Volume Medical Code together with some 60 others. In 1955,1 worked for the Cadre School of the PLA Tibet Military Area. The year of 1956 turned out to be a landmark in my life. I was working as a waiter in the hostel of the Preparatory Committee for the Founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and had the opportunity to meet Vice-Premier Chen Yi. Later on, I worked for the Secretariat of the Communist Youth League Work Committee, attended the First Youth Congress of Tibet, visited inland China, and studied in the Beijing School of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League. Beginning in 1958 I taught in the Tibet Communist Youth League School in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province. Later on, I was transferred to teach in the Tibet Pub-lic School, where I compiled teaching materials until 1963.

58. Tibet,Tibet Tour,Tibet Guide,tibet Travel,tibet Travel Service,tibet History,tib Proceed ing in cognizance of tibet s history and present reality, the Cen- tral People s Government determined a policy of peaceful liberation. http://www.silkroadcn.com/tibet/history.htm

History China is a unified multinational country. Tibet has since the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271-1368) been an inseparable part of China. Prior to the common era, the ancestors of the Tibetan people had con- tacts with the Han people living in the Central Plains of China. During the long years leading up to the seventh century the many tribes scattered on the Tibet Plateau gradually came together to form the Tibetan ethnic group. Early in the seventh century China moved into a new stage of its history. The Tang Dynasty (618-91)7 ) was a powerful and po- litically united regime that initially established order over the shift- ing and chaotic situation that had prevailed for more than 300 years in China. At the same time. the great Tibetan leader Songtsan Gambo brought together more than 10 separate tribea, an event commonly seen as marking the establishment of the Tubo Kingdom, making his capital in present-day Lhasa. Songtsan Gambo had good relations with the Tang court and benefitted from the importation of Tang technologies ( advanced for the day). and

59. A Tibetan History Lesson For China World tibet Network News. Published by the Canada tibet Committee Monday, July 28, 2003. 4. A tibetan history lesson for China. The http://www.tibet.ca/en/wtnarchive/2003/7/28_4.html

World Tibet Network News Published by the Canada Tibet Committee Monday, July 28, 2003 4. A Tibetan history lesson for China The Japan Times Monday, July 28, 2003 By GEORGE SIORIS Special to The Japan Times CHIANG MAI, Thailand With India's recognition of the Tibet Autonomous Region as a part of China a corollary result of the recent talks in Beijing between Chinese and Indian leaders the region has ceased to be viewed as a historical buffer state between two Asian giants. This is of tremendous importance to all three parties concerned and to strategic balances in the heart of Asia as well. Tibet has been squeezed between these two great powers for centuries; now its tragic "liberation" of the '50s seems to have been acknowledged even by New Delhi in spite of the legacy of Pandit Nehru, who was always fearful of jeopardizing Tibet's crucial position as a buffer. Without intending to enter all aspects of the debate about the destiny of the roof of the world, I would like to focus on a historic angle. It's nothing spectacularly original, but a reminder of undisputed facts

60. Contemporary Tibetan History Exhibition Opens In London International Relations (DIIR) of the tibetan Government in exile, with the aim of presenting tibet s history and visions for its future mainly through texts http://www.tibet.ca/en/wtnarchive/2003/6/18_2.html

World Tibet Network News Published by the Canada Tibet Committee Wednesday, June 18, 2003 2. Contemporary Tibetan history exhibition opens in London 17 June, 2003 By Tsering Tashi (Office of Tibet, London) LONDON: A rare visual exhibition of contemporary Tibetan history sponsored by The Amaryllis Fleming Foundation and The Prince's Trust, UK, opened here yesterday at The Art Gallery at 32 Dover Street, amid the soothing chanting of Tibetan Buddhist prayers and performance of lively Tibetan songs and dances by the performing group of the Tibetan Community in UK. The exhibition will last until 27 June (Monday-Friday from 10 am to 6 pm and Saturday from 10 am to 5.30 pm). The exhibition titled "A Long Look Homeward - Beyond Borders," consists of photographs, detailed narrative text, and video clips of a journey through Tibet's history, including the Chinese invasion and occupation, as narrated by eleven members of the Tibetan community in exile. The personal stories, including those of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1989 for leading the non-violent Tibetan struggle for freedom

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