21. History Of Buddhism In Tibet History Of Buddhism In Tibet. A Glimpse At The History Of Buddhism Tibet 2 of 2 1, 2. Between the 7th and 9th centuries, the Tibetan http://www.nalandabodhi.org/tibet_buddhism.html

SITE SEARCH: History Of Buddhism In Tibet A Glimpse At The History Of Buddhism: Tibet Between the 7th and 9th centuries, the Tibetan empire was a dominant power in Asia. Tibet had wide authority throughout the Tarim region, which extended into Northern China and Nepal. During the reign of King Songtsen Gampo (born appx. 557 C.E.), a Tibetan script was created which permitted the translation of Buddhist Sanskrit texts into Tibetan. Many great translators over the following centuries performed the amazing feat of translating almost the entire corpus of Indian Buddhist texts into Tibetan. Buddhism Becomes Established In Tibet In the 8th century, under King Trisong Detsen, a wave of great Buddhist teachers traveled to Tibet from India. Incomparable masters such as Padmasambhava, Vairocana, Santaraksita and Vimalamitra spread the dharma throughout Tibet. The great monastic university of Samye was founded during at this time, and Buddhism became well established in Tibet. A few decades later, Buddhist practice in Tibet met with strong indigenous Tibetan opposition, and Buddhist practitioners were no longer supported by the government. However, Buddhist institutions gradually recovered and a second wave of translations and teachers came to India in 11th and 12th centuries.

22. Tibet Books Tibet Books Tibet Culture tibet history Tibet Religion Tibet Buddhism Tibet Philosophy Tibet People Tibet Voyage Tibet Travelogue Tibet Exploration Tibet http://www.travel-net.com/~educa/z7tibet.htm

Tibet Books Tibet Books Tibet Culture Tibet History Tibet Religion Tibet Buddhism Tibet Philosophy Tibet People Tibet Voyage Tibet Travelogue Tibet Exploration Tibet History Laurier Books Ltd+Asian Educational Services Laurier Books Educa Library Servives Asian Educational Services Books on: India Sri Lanka Ceylon Tibet Buthan Burma Nepal China Mongolia Andamans Nicobar Portuguese Goa Ladakh Reference Books Dictionaries Languages History Religion Buddhisn Hinduism Islam Travelogue Exploration Archaeology Anqiquities Culture Customs Tibet Culture - Custom - History - Religion - Buddhisn - Books An Account of an Embassy To The Court of the Teshoo Lama in Tibet, Containing A Narrative of a Journey Through Bootan and Part of Tibet Turner Samuel - ISBN 0687-6,474pp. plates 1991 (Reprint 1800 London edn.) $ 39.95 An Account of Tibet - The Travels of Ippolito Desideri of Pistois S.J., 1712 - 1727, with an Introduction by C. Wessels S.J., Filippo de Sederi Ippolito ISBN 1019-9,478pp. hc. plates/maps 1995 (Reprint 1937edn.) $59.95 Across Thibet - Being a Translation of the Paras Au Torikin A Travevs Le Tibet Inconnu-in 2 Vols.

23. Tibet Travel Guide: History Of Tibet Guilin, Xian Last updated April 14, 2004, history of tibet Legend tells the tibetan history starts with a monkey and a Siren. The http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/tibet.htm

Home City Guide China Tours China Hotels ... Search Major Cities: Lhasa Shigatse , Gyangze, Qamdo, Nyingchi, Gar, Nyalam, Tinggri, Zhangmu Home: City Guide Tibet Autonomous Region Overview Brief Intro History People Highlights Best Time to Visit Attractions Tours: Tibet Tours Tibet Packages Lhasa Packages Maps: Map of Tibet Map of Lhasa Map of Shigatse China Hotel Booking: Up to 70% discount on your hotel room in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Guilin, Xian... Last updated: June 9, 2004 History of Tibet Legend tells the Tibetan history starts with a monkey and a Siren. The monkey was sent by Avalokiteshvara (Chenrezi) for religious retreat on the high plateau. The siren managed to persuade him to marry her. Having the permission of Avalokiteshvara, they married and had 6 children. They were believed to be the ancestor of the Tibetan people. However, archeology and geology discovery makes ethnologists believe Tibetans are decedents of aborigines and nomadic Qiang tribes. According to archeological discovery, Tibetan history can be traced back 4,000 years. In 1951, Tibet was peacefully liberated under the 17-point Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet. Hundreds of thousands serfs were liberated from the yoke of serfdom.

24. Tibetan History In this last part about the history of tibet, I will talk about the most controversial parts of tibetan history (E) The state of semiindependent, 1911-1951 http://omni.cc.purdue.edu/~wtv/tibet/history.html

A SHORT HISTORY OF TIBET T.T.Moh* 1. Introduction 2. Records of early Han history 3. Dynasty (1) 4. Dynasty (2) ... References: (*)T.T.Moh, Professor of Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, a member of Tibet Study Association (formerly America-Tibet Association). He was invited to tour Tibet in 1988 with novelist Chen Jo-shi (Lucy Tuann) and essayist Dorothy Weissman by `All-China Union of Authors' Hyperlink to other pages Maps Pictures Tour Article News Home 1. Introduction We will separate the history of Tibet into several periods; (A) pre-history (pre-7th century), (B) dynasty, 7th century to 9th century, (C) feudal era, 10th century to 17th century, (D) reunification and part of Ching Dynasty, 17th century to 1911, (E) semi-independent, 1911-1951, (F) part of P.R. China, 1951 to present. Each era offers many fascinating stories. I shall try to recall as many as possible from memory. A) Pre-history: What is the origin of Tibetans? We shall examine two aspects of it; the Tibetan myth, the known facts from Han history records. (1) Tibetan myth: The Tibetan was the descendents of a male Monkey and a female Rock-demon. This was probably invented by outsiders when they witness the Tibetan custom of covering or painting their faces to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions. Later on, in the writing of the great 5th Dalai Lama, the story changed the Monkey to Avalokitesvara, a disciple of Buddha and known as GuanYin by Han people (Jiaga in Tibetan) as a goddess, the Venus of Han. Moreover, the Rock-demon became a goddess (Tara or Mother-savior, Jeo-Tuu Muu) in Buddhism). In fact, the great 5th Dalai Lama further claimed that the Tibetan King

25. Tibetan History A SHORT history OF tibet. TT.Moh*. You are advised to use `netscape . The press setting in some `mosaic is NOT right. 1. Introduction. http://omni.cc.purdue.edu/~wtv/tibet/history0.html

A SHORT HISTORY OF TIBET T.T.Moh* 1. Introduction 2. Records of early Han history 3. Dynasty (1) 4. Dynasty (2) ... References: (*)T.T.Moh, Professor of Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, a member of Tibet Study Association (formerly America-Tibet Association). He was invited to tour Tibet in 1988 with novelist Chen Jo-shi (Lucy Tuann) and essayist Dorothy Weissman by `All-China Union of Authors' Hyperlink to other pages Map History Photo Tour Home

26. History Of Tibet, Map Of Tibet, History Of Tibet, Map Of Tibet BRIEF history OF tibet. The two latter wives have been given prominence in the religious history of tibet because of their services to Buddhism. http://www.friends-of-tibet.org.nz/tibet.html

BRIEF HISTORY OF TIBET Map of Tibet showing Historial and Contemporary Boundaries A brief account of Tibet, its origin, how it grew into a great military power and carved for itself a huge empire in Central Asia, then how it renounced the use of arms to practise the teachings of the Buddha and the tragic conseguences that it suffers today as a result of the brutal onslaught of the Communist Chinese forces is given in the following passages. Five hundred years before Buddha Sakyamuni came into this world i.e., circa 1063 B.C., a semi-legendary figure known as Lord Shenrab Miwo reformed the primitive animism of the Shen race and founded the Tibetan Bon religion. According to Bonpo sources there were eighteen Shangshung Kings who ruled Tibet before King Nyatri Tsenpo. Tiwor Sergyi Jhagruchen was the first Shangshung King. Shangshung, before its decline, was the name of an empire which comprised the whole of Tibet. The empire known as Shangshung Go-Phug-Bar-sum consisted of Kham and Amdo forming the Go or Goor, U and Tsang forming the Bar or Middle, and Guge Stod-Ngari Korsum forming the Phug or Interior. As the Shangshung empire declined, a kingdom known as Bod, the present name of Tibet, came into existence at Yarlung and Chongyas valleys at the time of King Nyatri Tsenpo, who started the heroic age of the Chogyals (Religious Kings). Bod grew until the whole of Tibet was reunited under King Songtsen Gampo, when tha last Shangshung King, Ligmigya, was killed.

27. Friends Of Tibet New Zealand : Free Tibet, Tibetan News, History Of Tibet, Map O so that which China refers to as the tibet Autonomous Region, now appears to be less than half its original size and has rewritten tibet s history book to http://www.friends-of-tibet.org.nz/

TIBET The Roof of the World Photograph courtesy of Galan Rowell Until 1950, Tibet was a Sovereign State of three provinces of U Tsang Amdo and Kham , inhabited by six million people with a distinct language, culture and history dating back thousands of years. In 1950 Tibet was invaded by the army of her neighbour, The People's Republic of China. Look at what has happened to TIBET since: 1.2 million Tibetans died as a direct result of Chinese occupation of Tibet. Over Six Thousand Monasteries, Temples and Historical Structures looted and destroyed. Tibet's ecosystem has been severely damaged: vast tracts of forest have been denuded, wildlife species decimated. Tibet's substantial mineral resources have been plundered. One quarter of China's nuclear missiles are stationed in Tibet. China is using Tibet as a dumping ground for nuclear waste . Some three hundred thousand Chinese troops are based in Tibet. 7.5 million Chinese colonialists have been shifted into Tibet in a move to dominate the Tibetans. A secret Chinese document in 1992 revealed plans to swamp the Tibetan population with even more Chinese.

28. International Campaign For Tibet : Tibet - The Issues : Tibetan History, Politic tibet The Issues tibetan history, Politics and Legal Situation. tibet intact. tibetan history, Politics and Legal Situation, View All. http://www.savetibet.org/Tibet/TibetList.cfm?c=22

29. International Campaign For Tibet : History Since The Chinese Invasion well as to India. Related Items. history of tibet before the Chinese Invasion of 1949. tibetan history, Politics and Legal Situation. http://www.savetibet.org/Tibet/Tibet.cfm?ID=195&c=22

30. Free Tibet Campaign - A Chronology Of Tibetan History tibet Facts No.18 A Chronology of tibetan history. 602 Namri Songtsen, lord of Yarlung, becomes the first king of tibet. 62049 http://www.freetibet.org/info/facts/fact18.html

Tibet Facts No.18: A Chronology of Tibetan History Namri Songtsen, lord of Yarlung, becomes the first king of Tibet. Reign of King Songsten Gampo; Tibet grows into an empire. Prolonged warfare between Tibet and Tang China begins. Tibet captures Changan, the Tang capital; tribute paid to Tibet. Tibetan king invites Buddhist teachers from India and China. Exponents of Indian and Chinese Buddhism debate at Samye monastery. China-Tibet Peace Treaty: "Tibetans shall be happy in Tibet and Chinese shall be happy in China". King Langdarma assassinated; Tibet splits into several states. Sakya monastery founded; start of Red Hat sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Chingis Khan elected first ruler of united Mongol clans. Mongols led by Ogodai Khagan defeat Junchen and conquer north China. Grand Lama of Sakya submits to Mongols; beginning of priest/patron relationship between lama and khan. Tibet reunited with the Grand Lama of Sakya as king. Final defeat of Sung by Mongols; Mongol conquest of China complete. King Changchub Gyaltsen ousts Sakya and founds a new secular dynasty.

31. Free Tibet Campaign File - The Legal Status Of Tibet tibet s history. tibet has a history dating back over 2,000 years. A good of China? tibet s history is not unlike that of other states. http://www.freetibet.org/info/file/file18.html

Tibet File No.18: The Legal Status of Tibet Michael C. van Walt is an international legal scholar and a board member of the International Campaign for Tibet (based in Washington D.C.). This article - a discussion of Tibet's legal status and the basis of Chinese claims to ownership - first appeared in Cultural Survival Quarterly (Vol. 12, 1988), and is reproduced below by kind permission. Introduction Recent events in Tibet have intensified the dispute over its legal status. The People's Republic of China (PRC) claims that Tibet is an integral part of China. The Tibetan Government-in-Exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under unlawful occupation. The question is highly relevant for at least two reasons. First, if Tibet is under unlawful Chinese occupation, Beijing's large-scale transfer of Chinese settlers into Tibet is a serious violation of the fourth Geneva Convention of 1949, which prohibits the transfer of civilian population into occupied territory. Second, if Tibet is under unlawful Chinese occupation, China's illegal presence in the country is a legitimate object of international concern. If, on the other hand, Tibet is an integral part of China, then these questions fall, as China claims, within its own domestic jurisdiction. The issue of human rights, including the right of self-determination and the right of the Tibetan people to maintain their own identity and autonomy are, of course, legitimate objects of international concern regardless of Tibet's legal status.

32. History Of The Tibetan Genocide In tibet s history, there has been over 17 percent of the tibetan people killed, and 6,000 monasteries ruined. For starters, tibet was never part of China. http://www.fatherryan.org/holocaust/Tibet/history.htm

History of the Genocide http://www.truthtibet.com/ http://truthtibet.com/ http://www.truthtibet.com/ http://www.truthtibet.com/ http://truthtibet.com/ What the Chinese are really doing is committing against the Tibetan people, a cultural and religious genocide. The culture of Tibet is based on Bon's ancient beliefs, and also on Buddhism from India. The Tibetans take the best of the two religions, and their entire culture is based on that. But now the Chinese have gotten rid of the beautiful Tibetan artifacts, and turned them into museums, for tourists only. The Dalai Lama is always trying to make contact with the Chinese, but they keep the door to peace talks closed. Some time ago, the Dalai Lama said: "All the 6 million Tibetans should be on the list of endangered species. This struggle is my first responsibility." (Dalai Lama: http://www.meaus.com/Tibet_-Give_Us_Liberty.html) There are people all over the world who feel sincere solidarity with the courageous people of Tibet, and wish them success in their long, truly heroic struggle for liberty and peace. Home

33. WWW.TIBET-TOUR.COM: Tibet Tour Expert tibetan history. tibetan history can be traced thousands of years back. tibet s history can be diveded into four period 1. The Tsanpo s Period. http://www.tibet-tour.com/abouttibet/history.htm

HOME ABOUT TIBET TOUR INDEX ABOUT US ... FAQ More Infomation Tibet Geography Tibetan History People in Tibet Climate ... Tibetan Food Tibetan history Tibetan history can be traced thousands of years back. However, the written history only dates back to the 7th century when Songtsan Gampo, the 33rd Tibetan king, sent his minister Sambhota to India to study Sanskrit who on his return invented the present Tibetan script based on Sanskrit. Tibet's history can be diveded into four period: 1. The Tsanpo's Period This period starts from Nyatri Tsanpo, the first of the Tsanpos, in 127 B.C(historians differ in view of the date, but this date is taken from the White Annales, a reliabl book on Tibetan history) and ends in 842 A.D. at the death of Lang Dharma, the last of the Tsanpos, who was assassinated by a buddhist monk owing to Lang Dharma's ruthless persecution of Buddhism. During this period some 42 Tsanpos had ruled over Tibet among which Songtsan Gampo's rule was considered as the zenith. Songtsan Gamoi was an outstandingruler, he unified Tibet, changed his capital to Lhasa, sent Sambhota to India to study Sanskrit and promulaged a script for the Tibetan on the latter's arrival to tbiet, married Princess Wencheng of the tang Court and Pricess Bhrikuti Debi of Nepal, built the Potala and the temple and the temple of Jokhang

34. History Of Tibet - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia tibetan history Planet, 4th ed., 1999) 2. Ray Wong(?) , China A Macro history (? ? , 27th ed., 1998) 3. http//omni.cc.purdue.edu/~wtv/tibet/history.html iif01. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tibet

History of Tibet From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Mao Zedong (centre) with the Dalai Lama (right), early 1950s Tibet is situated between the two ancient cultural centers of India and China but its location on the remote Tibetan plateau served to isolate it from both. It is not known if the Tibetans originated in Central Asia or East Asia , but they do share a linguistic heritage with the Chinese and the Burmese , suggesting a common source for all three groups (discussions of the relative closeness or distance between Tibetans and Han Chinese are tied up in the politics of Tibetan independence). Certainly an indepedent Tibetan language and Tibetan culture existed prior to any historical accounting. Table of contents 1 Ancient kingdom 2 Rule of the lamas 3 Chinese rule 4 British influence ... edit Ancient kingdom Little is known of the history of Tibet before the 7th century AD, when Buddhism was introduced by missionaries from India by way of Gandhara , who also developed an alphabet for the Tibetan language and thus began recorded history in this region. Prehistoric Iron Age hill forts and burial complexes have recently been found on the Chang Tang plateau but the remoteness of the location is hampering archaeological research. The initial identification of this culture is as the

35. Talk.politics.tibet: FAQ [1/1] Home Page of tibet http//omni.cc.purdue.edu/~wtv/tibet/Welcome.html This site includes an outline of tibet s history from a proChinese point of view. http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tibet-faq/

Usenet FAQs Search Web FAQs Documents ... RFC Index talk.politics.tibet: FAQ [1/1] There are reader questions on this topic! Help others by sharing your knowledge From: tibet@acs.ucalgary.ca (Nima Dorje) Newsgroups: talk.politics.tibet Peter.Kauffner@bearsden.org Summary: This posting contains of a list of frequently asked questions (and their answers) about the central Asian country of Tibet. It should be read by anyone who wishes to post to the talk.politics.tibet newsgroup. Keywords: tibet Archive-name: tibet-faq Posting-frequency: monthly Last-modified: 12 Oct 1997 Version: 4.40 This FAQ was created for the Usenet newsgroup talk.politics.tibet and addresses various issues that are discussed in that newsgroup on a recurring basis. Also included are the addresses of various organizations that deal with Tibet and a guide to the additional sources of information that are available, both on the Internet and in print. The maintainers of this FAQ are: Peter Kauffner (Peter.Kauffner@bearsden.org) Nima Dorjee ( tibet@acs.ucalgary.ca

36. Tibet Information Network - A Turning Point In Tibet's History: The 17 - Point A ISSN 33133315. A turning point in tibet s history the 17- Point Agreement. WD.Shakapba, tibet A Political history , Potala (1966) 1984. - end -. TIN Documents. http://www.tibetinfo.net/news-updates/nu210501.htm

TIN Special Report / 21 May 2001 ISSN: 3313-3315 A turning point in Tibet's history: the 17- Point Agreement Celebrations in Lhasa Today A historical "turning point" A "carrier" of propaganda The 17-Point Agreement - a summary ... Historical background Introduction: the "peaceful liberation" In October 1950 the People's Liberation Army (PLA) crossed the Drichu (Ch: Yangzi) and advanced on Chamdo (Ch: Changdu), cutting off the Tibetan Army's retreat. Chamdo, under the command of Ngabo Ngawang Jigme, was taken and the Tibetan troops surrendered. A Tibetan delegation, headed by Ngabo, was taken to Beijing the following spring to "negotiate" an Agreement whereby the Tibetan delegation would recognise the right of the PLA to continue their march westwards to "liberate" Tibet and the People's Republic of China (PRC) would recognise the right of the Tibetans to carry on with their own affairs without undue interference by China. The "17-Point Agreement" was signed on 23 May 1951. Over the next few years, relations between the Tibetans and the Chinese continued to decline, with a major revolt breaking out in eastern Tibet in 1956. As Tibetans from these areas fled westwards towards Lhasa, news of Communist reforms and the harsh suppression of the rebellion spread to central Tibet. In March 1959, an uprising against Chinese rule broke out in Lhasa, involving thousands of Tibetans and leading to the flight of the 14th Dalai Lama into exile. China announced that the Agreement had been effectively "torn up", and in June of that year, speaking at a press conference in Mussoorie, India, the Dalai Lama declared that it was not valid because it had been signed under duress.

37. Tibet: News, History And Buddhism News on tibet and tibetan Buddhism from around the world. http://www.ycsi.net/users/reversespins/tibet.html

Padmasambhava Tibet News, History and Buddhism From Reverse Spins Buddhist Prophecy Jesus: The Teenage Years (Tibet) El Morya on Shambhala El Morya on Buddha, Maitreya and Buddhism ... Athena, Gollum and the Finer Points of the Dharma News Link Archives Buddhism, Travel and Human Interest Stories The Flying Mystics of Tibetan Buddhism Different jobs for Buddhist Monks Passing of an Extraordinary Mountain Yogi-Gen Lamrimpa Khenpo's Demise Shocks ATPD, Kashag ... The Shadow Circus: The CIA in Tibet Chinese Occupation China Blocks UN Scrutiny of Human Rights Violations, rest of Nations Morgan Stanley in Tibet and China China pulls the strings behind new boy lama Hearing on "U.S. Policy Considerations in Tibet" ... Kumbum Monastery's quiet resistance "Urusvati saw the so-called Wheel of Buddha. This is actually the teraph of the far-off worlds. Its essence is contained in the foundation of the Universe, which may be seen as a pestle. At its ends are the spheres of polarity corresponding to the two basic laws. At the center is the swastika-like wheel of psychic energy. And the circle of the whirling rainbow is the manifestation of all stages of Spatial Fire. Knowing this is a step toward the mastery of fire; by visualizing this structure the approach of fire can be evoked, and its dangerous essence transformed into a healing property." El Morya from Agni Yoga Om Mani Padme Hum Favorite Buddhist and Tibet Related Books at Amazon.com

38. TibetCollection.com - Gifts Inspired By Tibetan Buddhist Culture tibet s history. A Short history Lesson on tibet 1949 Invasion tibet was once one of the world s most remote and peaceful civilizations. http://www.tibetcollection.com/information.php/info_id/2

Home Tibet's History My Account Cart Contents ... Checkout Select a Category Accessories Bags Hats Apparel Casual Wear Jackets Books CDs Gifts Gift Boxes Journals Notecards Holiday Albums Frames Garden Accessories Hanging Chimes Wall Hangers Lanterns Miscellaneous Pillows Table Chimes Incense Bundled Incense Incense Boxes Incense Burners Jewelry Bracelets Cufflinks Earrings Necklaces Pendants Pins Rings Ritual Items Ceremonial Items Malas Prayer Flags Singing Bowls Bowl Cushions Statues Tingsha Travel Altars Accessories Apparel Gifts Incense Jewelry Ritual Items Clearance! View All Products Tibet Collection Tibet's History ... Live Support Tibet's History A Short History Lesson on Tibet 1949 - Invasion Tibet was once one of the world's most remote and peaceful civilizations. Then, in 1949, Chinese troops invaded and quickly defeated Tibet's small army. Most countries considered the invasion and occupation unjust. They voted in the United Nations for Tibet's right to self-determination. However, China's forces have never left. 1959 - Destruction In March of 1959, a mass Tibetan uprising against the Chinese was brutally crushed. The Dalai Lama, spiritual and political leader of Tibet, and 80,000 Tibetans fled to India and Nepal where they remain as refugees. In the following years and during the Cultural Revolution (1966 to 1976) thousands of monasteries and temples were plundered and destroyed. Tens of thousands of Tibetans were sent to labor camps and never seen again. After Mao's death, wholesale destruction came to an end, however, China still denies Tibetans their basic political, cultural and economic rights while continuing to exploit Tibet's fragile environmental resources.

39. Tibetan History HOME tibetAN history. From left Phünwang, Dalai Lama, Chen Yi, Panchen Lama. Unknown Chinese Author. A General history of tibet 1895. http://www.cwru.edu/affil/tibet/tibetanSociety/history.htm

Information About the Center Contact Us Recommended Newsgroups and Links The New Tibetan-English Dictionary of Modern Tibetan (76 kb Adobe Acrobat PDF) Using and Citing Papers on this Website Melvyn Goldstein, Ph.D Cynthia Beall, Ph.D. Tsewang Namgyai Shelling ... Nomad Links NEW! Revolving Sheep Bank Project Tibetan History The Tibetan Social System Tibetan Marriage and Polyandry ... Tibetan Rural Change Project Tibetan Street Songs (Under Construction) HOME TIBETAN HISTORY Robert B. Ekvall Cultural Relations on the Kansu-Tibetan Border [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.] Surkhang Wangchen Gelek Tibet in the early 20th century , TSIN January 1999 On the Panchen Lama , TSIN October 1999 Unknown Chinese Author A General History of Tibet [1895. Author and translator from the Chinese are unknown.] The Center For Research on Tibet Department of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve Univeristy 11220 Bellflower Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106-7125

40. Oral History Archive These interviews were conducted with former tibetan government officials who played important roles in tibet s history, including, for example, HH the Dalai http://www.cwru.edu/affil/tibet/moreTibetInfo/oral_history.htm

Information About the Center Contact Us Recommended Newsgroups and Links The New Tibetan-English Dictionary of Modern Tibetan (76 kb Adobe Acrobat PDF) Using and Citing Papers on this Website Melvyn Goldstein, Ph.D Cynthia Beall, Ph.D. Tsewang Namgyai Shelling ... Nomad Links NEW! Revolving Sheep Bank Project Tibetan History The Tibetan Social System Tibetan Marriage and Polyandry ... Tibetan Rural Change Project Tibetan Street Songs (Under Construction) HOME TIBET ORAL HISTORY ARCHIVE The Tibet Oral History and Archive Project (TOHAP) is designed to fill a gap in our knowledge of modern Tibetan history and society by collecting a wide range of oral histories of average Tibetans. The life experiences of ordinary Tibetans varied tremendously depending on their social category (landed farmer, landless farmer, servant, untouchable, carpenter, nun, etc.) as well as on personal differences in values and attitudes. The TOHAP will provide a unique in-depth window on how diverse Tibetans lived their lives in the traditional society and how their lives changed after the Chinese government ended the traditional system and implemented socialist reforms and institutions after the 1959 uprising. There is an urgency to this undertaking as time is literally running out to conduct such research. Individuals from the traditional era (pre-1959) are aging and the number of potential subjects is dwindling. Few Tibetans live much beyond their mid/late 70s and a person who was 30 years of age in 1959 is today 74 years of age. Consequently, unless a project such as this is conducted soon, this cohort will pass and their "accounts" will be gone forever. We are, therefore, on the verge of losing a critical part of Tibetan history ¾ of the voices of ordinary Tibetans and an accurate understanding of the diversity of life as it was lived in Tibet. The goal of this project is to fill this enormous gap.

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