81. HISTORY OF THE IRAQ-SYRIA RELATIONSHIP history OF THE IRAQsyria RELATIONSHIP STEPHANIE MANN WASHINGTON The United Stateshas accused syria of sheltering officials from the ousted Iraqi government http://www.iraqcrisisbulletin.com/archives/041703/html/history_of_the_iraq-syria

IRAQ CRISIS BULLETIN APRIL 17, 2003 HISTORY OF THE IRAQ-SYRIA RELATIONSHIP STEPHANIE MANN WASHINGTON The United States has accused Syria of sheltering officials from the ousted Iraqi government, but Syria has denied the charges. Iraq and Syria share a sense of animosity toward the West, but they have a history of mutual distrust.. Iraq and Syria are secular Muslim states, with governments that make no room for Islamic activism. Each has been ruled by the Baath Socialist Party since the 1960's. The Baath Socialist Party was the result of a merger of the Baath Party, founded in the 1940s by two Syrians, and the Arab Socialist Party. Middle East specialist Elizabeth Shakman Hurd says the Baath Socialist Party originally had two driving ideals; Arab socialism to bring economic justice to the Arab people, and Arab unity. Professor Hurd, who teaches political science at Northwestern University in Chicago, says in the 1950's and 1960's, the Baath parties in Iraq and Syria had a common dream: "Their overarching objective was to weld the Arab world into a single organic unity, to erase the boundaries that had been imposed by the Europeans after the settlement after World War Two and the fall of the Ottoman empire, to erase those boundaries and to weld the Arab world into something unified that could act as a single political unit. That was the dream." But that did not happen. According to Hurd:

82. Greater Syria: The History Of An Ambition - By Daniel Pipes Greater syria The history of an Ambition New York Oxford UniversityPress, 1990 Paperback edition Oxford University Press, 1992. http://www.danielpipes.org/books/greater.php

Home Page Articles Spoken Books ... this site Search for: 68 readers online now Greater Syria The History of an Ambition New York: Oxford University Press, 1990 Paperback edition: Oxford University Press, 1992 While for many years scholars and journalists have focused on the more obvious manifestations of political life in the Middle East, one major theme has been consistently neglected. This is Pan-Syrian nationalism -the dream of creating a Greater Syria out of an area now governed by Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and Turkey. Though not nearly as well known as Arab or Palestinian nationalism and hardly studied in depth, Pan-Syrianism has had a profound effect on Middle Eastern politics since the end of World War I. In Greater Syria , the noted Middle East scholar Daniel Pipes provides the first comprehensive account of this intriguing, important, and little understood ideology. Read a chapter from Greater Syria Buy this book at Amazon.com ... BarnesAndNoble.com Critics on Greater Syria "A superior book" Foreign Affairs , Spring 1990 "Pipes' story of Syria's impact on the Palestinians is fascinating... A highly useful, well-written guide to a complex issue that is at the heart of many of the region's most difficult problems."

83. Greater Syria: The History Of An Ambition - By Daniel Pipes Introduction A Neglected Topic from Greater syria The history of anAmbition. Her Majesty s Government has stated that it considers http://www.danielpipes.org/books/greaterchap.php

Home Page Articles Spoken Books ... this site Search for: 69 readers online now Introduction: A Neglected Topic from Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition Her Majesty's Government has stated that it considers Syria to be the military key of Asiatic Turkey. - Lord Palmerston, 1840 On first entering Syria, the observant traveler will probably be startled to go through passport control and notice a military map of Syria on the wall, for this map contains several anomalies. It shows the Golan Heights under Syrian control, though they have been occupied by Israel since 1967. Syria's boundaries with Lebanon and Jordan appear not as international borders but as something called "regional" borders. Israel does not even exist; instead, there is a state called Palestine. And Palestine is separated from Syria by a line designated a "temporary" border". Finally, the province of Hatay, a part of Turkey since 1939, appears to be included in Syria; only on close inspection can one see the "temporary" border between it and Syria. The many inaccuracies on this map reflect the Syrian rulers' profound unwillingness to accept the actual size and shape of the country they administer. They remember that until 1920, "Syria" referred to a region much larger than the Syrian Arab Republic of today, a region that stretched from the borders of Anatolia to those of Egypt, from the edge of Iraq to the Mediterranean Sea. In terms of today's states, the Syria of old comprised Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, plus the Gaza Strip and Alexandretta. This larger land, known since 1920 as Greater Syria, is what they dream of reclaiming.

84. Weather Underground: Damascus, Syria Forecast Current Conditions. Updated 500 AM EEST on May 14, 2004 Observed at Damascus,syria (history). 55 °F / 13 °C Clear. Humidity 67%. Dew Point 45 °F / 7 °C. http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/40080.html

PDA/Mobile Find the Weather for any City State or ZIP Code , or Airport Code or Country Member Benefits: No Ads Weather Email $5 a year ... Signup Here Email Password Print This Page Features Favorites Wunder News Photos NEXRAD Radar Stations NEXRAD Regional Composites ... Education Maps Temperature HeatIndex Windchill Humidity ... Jet Stream International United States Canada Mexico Central America ... Antarctica Information Need Help? Link to Us About Us Custom Weather ... Dangerous Intersections Hotel Reservations Hotels London Hotels New York Hotels Orlando Hotels ... San Francisco Hotels Automotive Used Cars Auto Loans Cars For Sale Sleep Products Bedroom Furniture Home Furniture Waterbeds Lasik Eye Surgery Lasik Laser eye surgery Mortgage Info Mortgage Loan Refinancing Mortgage Calculator Mortgage Refinance Rate Vitamins Liquid vitamins Body Balance Colon Cleanse Vitamins Internet Access DSL Broadband Service Providers Maui Vacation Maui Weddings Maui Vacation Travel Google Search Search the Net! Powered by Google Jun 10 2004 16:04:40 Damascus, Syria this page to your Favorites Weather Email Local Time: 8:49 AM EEST Set My Timezone Lat/Lon: MSN Map Current Conditions Updated: 8:00 AM EEST on June 12, 2004

85. Dove Booksellers New Books Dove Booksellers New Books. Israel / syriaPalestine - history. Aberbach,Moses Labor, Crafts and Commerce in Ancient Israel Publisher http://www.dovebook.com/new/product.asp?code=like'440'

86. Dove Booksellers New Books Politics, and Culture Publisher Augsburg Fortress See more info on this item FromSubject Category Israel / syriaPalestine - history - Greece - history and http://www.dovebook.com/new/product.asp?code=like'443'

87. :: Ez2Find :: History Guides, history. ez2Find Home Directory Regional Middle East syria Society and Culture history (0) Archaeology (27), Golan http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Regional/Middle_East/Syria/S

Guide : History Global Metasearch Any Language English Afrikaans Arabic Bahasa Melayu Belarusian Bulgarian Catala Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Cymraeg Czech Dansk Deutsch Eesti Espanol Euskara Faroese Francais Frysk Galego Greek Hebrew Hrvatski Indonesia Islenska Italiano Japanese Korean Latvian Lietuviu Lingua Latina Magyar Netherlands Norsk Polska Portugues Romana Russian Shqip Slovensko Slovensky Srpski Suomi Svenska Thai Turkce Ukrainian Vietnamese Mode All Words Any Word Phrase Results Timeout Depth Adult Filter Add to Favorites Other Search Web News Newsgroups Images Invisible Web Ancestors Search : First Name Last Name Keywords Databases With People's Names Census Records Court, Land, Probate Directories Military Compiled Genealogy Any Locality Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Canada England Germany All Non-U.S.

88. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo syria A Country Study. Search syria. Include word variants Use only as entered. syria. Foreword. Acknowledgments. Preface. Country Profile Historical Setting. ANCIENT syria. MUSLIM EMPIRES http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/sytoc.html

SYRIA - A Country Study Search Syria Include word variants Use only words as entered. Syria Foreword Acknowledgments Preface ... Glossary

89. Khoja Group A wellknown exporter of different kinds of agricultural products. Specializing in Syrian spices such as cumin, coriander, anise, and fenugreek as well as legumes, including lentils, chick peas, broad beans; canned food, fruits, vegetables and cereals. http://www.khojagroup.com

Member of Arab Business Network Web by B.O.C.

90. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents Travel Document Systems; Passport and Visa Services. This is the site for the latest Travel Information and the most complete collection of online Visa Applications on the web. http://www.traveldocs.com/sy/people.htm

Syria Asia PEOPLE Ethnic Syrians are of Semitic stock. Syria's population is 90% Muslim, 74% Sunni, and 16% other Muslim groups, including the Alawi, Shia, and Druzeand 10% Christian. There also is a tiny Syrian Jewish community. Arabic is the official, and most widely spoken, language. Arabs, including some 400,000 Palestinian refugees, make up 90% of the population. Many educated Syrians also speak English or French, but English is the more widely understood. The Kurds, many of whom speak Kurdish, make up 9% of the population and live mostly in the northeast corner of Syria, though sizable Kurdish communities live in most major Syrian cities as well. Armenian and Turkic are spoken among the small Armenian and Turkoman populations. Most people live in the Euphrates River valley and along the coastal plain, a fertile strip between the coastal mountains and the desert. Overall population density is about 140 per sq. mi. Education is free and compulsory from ages 6 to 11. Schooling consists of 6 years of primary education followed by a 3-year general or vocational training period and a 3-year academic or vocational program. The second 3-year period of academic training is required for university admission. Total enrollment at post-secondary schools is over 150,000. The literacy rate of Syrians aged 15 and older is 78% for males and 51% for females.

91. Syria Country Analysis Brief Information on oil, gas, and electricity in syria. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/syria.html

Home Country Analysis Briefs Syria Country Analysis Brief PDF version PDB version April 2004 Recent Developments Oil Natural Gas Electric Power ... Links Syria With proven oil reserves expected to last only about 10 more years and a population growing at around 2.3% per year, Syria may become a net importer of oil within the next decade. Thus, the exploration for oil and natural gas is a top priority in Syria. Note: The information contained in this report is the best available as of April 2004 and can change. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS On June 10, 2000, President Hafiz al-Asad died, and was replaced by his son, Bashar al-Asad, who promised to undertake a variety of economic, administrative, and political reforms. Progress in implementing economic reforms has been slow, however, due in part to the influence of holdovers from the regime of the elder Asad. Growth in real gross domestic product (GDP) was 1.8% percent in 2003, which is lower than the rate of population growth. Real GDP growth for 2004 is projected at 2.4%. According to the Syrian government, the country's unemployment rate is under 10%, although according to foreign diplomats, the rate is more likely over 20%. The ultimate goals of economic reform in Syria are to move the country away from a state-run economy and towards a more market-based, modernized one, to reduce the country's high rate of unemployment (particularly given the country's rapid population growth), and to diversify the country's economic base for the day when oil reserves run out. In recent years, Syria has moved extremely slowly and cautiously in these directions. For the most part, as of early 2004, large state corporations continue to control all strategic sectors, including oil, electricity, banking, and chemicals. The Syrian government announced in early 2002 that it had put on hold any immediate moves to privatize large state-owned enterprises, concentrating instead on increasing their efficiency.

92. Amazing Syria Guide Introduction Help for travelers, businessmen and tourists to find accommodations, businesses, transportation and other necessities. http://www.syria-guide.com/

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93. Syria syria. Article on syria Map of all countries in North Africa and the MiddleEast an error occurred while processing this directive, LexicOrient. http://i-cias.com/e.o/syria.htm

Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Syria Arabic Republic of Syria Arabic (OFFICIAL:) jumhûriyya sûriyyati l- c arabiyya Arabic: (SHORT:) CONTENT INTRODUCTION Political situation Economy History ... Search 'Syria' MAJOR CITIES Aleppo (1.9 million) Damascus (1.7 million) Homs Latakia Hama Raqqa (200,000) Qamishle (170,000) Deir ez Zwar (160,000) Tartus All figures are 2003 estimates. STATUS Independent republic, divided into 14 provinces (muhafaza(t)). Day of independence: April 17, 1946 (from the League of Nations mandate under French administration). GOVERNMENT Head of state: Bashar al-Assad There are 2 vice-presidents, one with responsibility for Political and Foreign affairs, the other for Internal and Party affairs. The government is made up of 30 ministeries, with 3 deputy prime ministers working together with the prime minister. National Assembly: 250 members, where the Ba'th Party alone has majority. The national assembly has practically no power over the real political leadership of the country, the president and his closest men. GEOGRAPHY Inhabitants: 17.6 million (2003 estimate).

94. Syria Directory of Syrian and Arabic links. http://ramijarjour.8m.com/

Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com Web Hosting - GlobalServers.com Choose an ISP NetZero High Speed Internet ... Dial up $14.95 or NetZero Internet Service $9.95 You have not completed your site yet. Build your FREE Web Site now! Click here to access your site building tools. (Forgot your password? Click here Need Help? Click here for tips on getting started and technical support. Search Other Members' Web Sites Want to see what other FreeServers members have done with their Web sites? Why not search through them using the FreeServers search engine? Search for: Popular Search Categories Internet Internet Marketing Web Hosting Web Design ... Gambling Easy page-building tools Free, personalized domains Host your own domain Premium hosting packages available

95. Syria's Shara Says Albright Meeting Cleared Air In Peace Efforts CNN http://cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/06/07/mideast.peace.reut/index.html

96. CNN.com - Straw In Appeal To Syria - Apr. 10, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/04/10/sprj.irq.syria.straw/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-Mail Services CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Straw in appeal to Syria Straw: Change of policy is in Syria's interests as a neighbor Story Tools SPECIAL REPORT War Tracker On the Scene Map U.S. Iraq ... Special Report QUICKVOTE Who should police Iraqi cities? Iraqis Coalition troops The United Nations VIEW RESULTS RELATED Rumsfeld warns Syria about aiding Iraq LONDON, England (CNN) Iraq's reconstruction gives Syria a chance to make "a decisive break" from past policies supporting Saddam Hussein's regime including possible hiding of weapons of mass destruction or giving safe haven to regime members, British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw said. "We look to the government of Syria ... to desist from any action they've already taken in terms of harboring people from this regime ... or otherwise assisting them," he told parliament Thursday. "It's very much in Syria's interest as a neighbor of Iraq to cooperate fully with the coalition." Iraq's other neighbors Turkey, Jordan, and Iran have an important interest and contribution to make in Iraq's reconstruction as well, Straw said. The foreign minister said next week he will visit a number of Persian Gulf states those meetings coming on the heels of his trips to Berlin, Brussels, Paris, and Madrid, where he discussed the coalition's vision for a postwar Iraq.

97. Doug Burnett's Travel Home Page Travel accounts of solo trips to Burma, Uzbekistan, Thailand, Cambodia, China, India, syria, Jordan, Israel, Mexico, Greece and Turkey by Doug Burnett. http://traveldoug.com

Welcome to Doug Burnett's Travelogues: What could be better - a new city and plenty of time to explore. I love to just wander around with no particular place to be, taking each day as it comes. Of course, travel is not always like that: some days you must rise early and run to catch the train; others you end up wandering around in the rain looking for a decent hotel. But it's the hope that there will be something truly remarkable around the next corner that keeps me going. Here are my most recent trips: New South India, January 2004 Blessed by elephants, accosed by sadhus and crushed by wet pilgrams - Ah, India. First Madurai and Trichy , then Pondicherry and Mamallapuram , and finally Bangalore, Mysore and Chennai New: Photo album: Java, October 2003 Breath-taking scenery, magnificent old temples, quick-to-smile locals but way too much rain. First stop Yogyakarta and then on to Wonosobo, Pangandaran and Jakarta Photo album: Sri Lanka, February 2003 What a place: friendly people, interesting sights, wonderful weather and elephants everywhere. First, a tour of the Cultural Triangle , followed by a few days in Kandy , and finally relaxing at the beach in Unawatuna Photo album: First, up to chilly

98. Golan: The Occupied Syrian Arab Golan - Syria The official site of the Syrian Quneitra Province and the occupied Golan. http://www.golan-gov.org

English Français Web by B.O.C The Occupied Syrian Arab Golan - Syria Syria Arab Damascus Quneitra Aljolan Golan 1967 War Aggression Foreign Policy Middle East Case East Tourism Environment Farms Water Fertility Policy Arab Rights Human Rights Un Resolution Legitimate Rights Snow Travel And Tourism Identity Card Antiquities Excavation Nature United Holly Places S Security Council United Nations October War October Peace Peace Agreement Rights Land Zionist Policy Terrorism Israel Zionists Egypt Jordan Sainay Peninsula West Bank Gaze Palestine Strip Refugees Economic Situation Inter National 1273 Hafez Assad Basher Al Assad 26 June 1974 Killing Torture Persecution Un Jutes Psychological Pressure Harmom Peak Mount Harmon 1948 Geography History Testimony. Golan is part of Syrian Arab Republic territories. It was occupied by Israel in 1967. This part of Syrian territories has a strategic and geographical importance because of variety of terrance and because it makes across road among Syria Lebanon Palestine and Jordan in addition to that its richness in natural resources and many historical and tourist sites as well. History of the Golan Heights. Old historical texts refer to the Golan as the extension of the slopes of Mt. Hermon.

99. CNN.com - Syria, Turkey Seek To Tackle Key Issues - November 3, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/11/03/turkey.syria.reut/index.html

world middle east Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Syria, Turkey seek to tackle key issues

100. Syria Photo Diary Includes photographs taken on a travel to the country in October 2000. http://www.spin.si/robertb/syria/

Other Diaries and Sketches: Angkor (Cambodia) Bangkok (Thailand) Hungary Jordan ... South India Syria Thailand Turkey USA click here to start ... Robert Bremec

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