1. Syria: History syria history. CONTENT. INTRODUCTION 1. Political situation 2. Economy3. Health Education 4. Religions Peoples 5. History, Archaeological http://i-cias.com/e.o/syria_5.htm

Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Syria: History CONTENT INTRODUCTION Political situation Economy History Archaeological finds proves that Syria was inhabited deep into the Stone Age. About 2500 BCE: The earliest traces of civilization, with the city of Ebla, close to today's Aleppo . This was at the same time as the civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia About 2300: Ebla destroyed by the Akkadian dynasty of Sumer About 1800: Assyrian capital of Shubat Enlil is established by King Shamsi-Adad I in the northeastern corner of Syria. About 1700: Assyria is conquered by Hammurabi of Babylonia About 1600: Northern Syria conquered by the Hittites About 1500: The kingdom of Mitanni is established in the south of today's Syria. About 1350: Mitanni is conquered by the Hittites About 1200: Immigration of Arameans. They established petty kingdoms. Their principal city, Aram, was located to an area near today's Damascus Assyria conquers Aram. Assyria collapses. Syria falls under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia. With the decline of Babylonia, Syria falls under the control of Cyrus the Great of

2. Syria History History of Syria. http://www.countryreports.org/history/syrihist.htm

History of Syria History Home Page CountryReports.org Subscription Discuss World Issues! Past Country Profiles: Historical Setting ANCIENT SYRIA MUSLIM EMPIRES Umayyad Caliphate ... THE ASSAD ERA Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North

3. Syria History & Syria Culture | IExplore Syria Travel. Travel and Trips. Syria Overview. The Essentials Weather and Climate. syria history. Dining. Syria Travel Tips http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Syria/History;$sessionid$GPL4KSIAAFJFKP2MN5XCFEQ

dateString = 1120015244; FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 4 YEARS IN A ROW TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Your experts in adventure and experiential travel Keyword Search: Home Trip Finder Destination Guides Join / Sign-in ... Syria History E-mail this page Syria Travel Travel and Trips Syria Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Monthly Newsletter Sign-up for monthly travel specials Save up to 50% Privacy Statement Popular Trips to Syria Damascus Aleppo Ankara Syria Ruins ... Palmyra Syria History For years, Syria allied itself with the Soviet Union. Today, its isolation from the West appears to be easing. That's partly due to the Soviet collapse, but the government is also feeling pressure from a small but growing private sector to develop the economy - and tourism would certainly aid that effort. While Syria's economy is currently held together by oil exports, the country's oil wells are expected to run dry within a decade. The formidable President Hafez al-Assad ruled Syria with an iron fist for 30 years until his death in 2000. He tolerated no dissidence - in 1982 the Syrian Army suppressed an uprising by the fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood by killing some 20,000 townspeople in Hama. Now that the presidency has been passed on to his son, Bashar Assad, there has been much speculation about the course the country will take and how it will affect regional politics. Syria Trip Search See Trips to Syria Syria Travel Experts Meet our Middle East expert Briana Wills

4. Syria History | Lonely Planet World Guide syria history. Historically, Syria included Jordan, Israel and Lebanonas well as the area now known as Syria. Although the modern http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/middle_east/syria/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Postcards Syria History Syria prospered under Ottoman rule except for a brief period in the 19th century when the Egyptians came a-conquerin'. They were soon sent a-packin' and the Ottoman Turks dished it, along with Lebanon, out to France when the Turkish Empire broke up after WWI. The Syrians weren't too pleased with this arrangement (they had been an independent nation from 1918-20) and staged an insurrection in 1925-6, which resulted in the French bombing Damascus. In 1932, Syria had its first parliamentary elections, and although the candidates had been picked by the French, they refused to accept France's proposed constitution for the country. In 1939, France granted Turkey the Syrian province of Alexandretta, further sharpening feeling against the imperial overlords. France promised independence in 1941 but didn't come through with it until 1946. Civilian rule didn't last long in Syria: in 1954, after several military coups, the Ba'athist section of the army took over the country. The Ba'ath Party was founded in 1940 by a Christian teacher and was committed to a form of pan-Arabism under which Syria would forfeit its sovereignty. This led to the formation of a United Arab Republic with Egypt in 1958, but several people thought this wasn't such a hot idea, and another series of military coups trundled across the country. By 1966 the Ba'ath were back in power, but the celebrations were curtailed by the 1967 Six Day War with Israel and the 1970 Black September spat with Jordan. While everyone was otherwise occupied, Defence Minister Hafez al-Assad seized power.

5. Syria History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Cur syria history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, CurrentIssues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/syria/syria_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Syria History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/syria/syria_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting ANCIENT SYRIA MUSLIM EMPIRES ... THE ASSAD ERA NOTE: The information regarding Syria on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Syria History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Syria History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/syria/syria_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

6. Syria History & Syria Culture | IExplore syria history. http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Syria/History

dateString = 1120015229; FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 4 YEARS IN A ROW TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Your experts in adventure and experiential travel Keyword Search: Home Trip Finder Destination Guides Join / Sign-in ... Syria History E-mail this page Syria Travel Travel and Trips Syria Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Monthly Newsletter Sign-up for monthly travel specials Save up to 50% Privacy Statement Popular Trips to Syria Damascus Aleppo Ankara Syria Ruins ... Palmyra Syria History For years, Syria allied itself with the Soviet Union. Today, its isolation from the West appears to be easing. That's partly due to the Soviet collapse, but the government is also feeling pressure from a small but growing private sector to develop the economy - and tourism would certainly aid that effort. While Syria's economy is currently held together by oil exports, the country's oil wells are expected to run dry within a decade. The formidable President Hafez al-Assad ruled Syria with an iron fist for 30 years until his death in 2000. He tolerated no dissidence - in 1982 the Syrian Army suppressed an uprising by the fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood by killing some 20,000 townspeople in Hama. Now that the presidency has been passed on to his son, Bashar Assad, there has been much speculation about the course the country will take and how it will affect regional politics. Syria Trip Search See Trips to Syria Syria Travel Experts Meet our Middle East expert Briana Wills

7. Syria History History. Situated on trade and military routes between the Mediterranean and Mesopotamia,Syria (which historically included all of modern Syria and Lebanon http://www.shrc.org/syria/history/

Syria (sîr¹ê-e) Click on the image to enlarge it Officially Syrian Arab Republic, republic (1995 est. pop. 15,452,000), 71,467 sq mi (185,100 sq km), SW Asia, bordered by Israel, Lebanon, and the Mediterranean Sea (W), Turkey (N), Iraq (E), and Jordan (S). Principal cities include Damascus (the capital) and Aleppo. Most of Syria is occupied by the Syrian Desert, which is crossed by the Euphrates R. In the west are the Anti-Lebanon Mts., including Mt. Hermon (9,232 ft/2,814 m), Syria's highest point; in the southwest the fertile plain of Hawran extends from the Jabal al-Duruz Mts. to the Sea of Galilee. Major crops include wheat, fruit and vegetables, barley, sugar beets, cotton, and tobacco. The state plays a major role in the economy, and a large-scale industrialization program begun after World War II has diversified the formerly agricultural economy. Petroleum production, small compared to that of other Middle Eastern countries, provides the leading export. Refined petroleum, cement, textiles, processed foods, chemicals, and precision-engineered products are the chief manufactures. The Euphrates Dam supplies most of the nation's electric power. Most Syrians are Arabic-speaking Muslims, mainly Sunnite with significant Alawite and Druse minorities; there are also Kurds, Armenians, and Circassians. About 10% of the people are Christian, mainly Orthodox. Arabic is the official language.

8. Syria --  Encyclopædia Britannica history, and an overview of the geography, government, and economy. , syria history ArabNet Technology Brief history of Syria. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=115300&tocid=0

9. Syria History Syria s history dates back to the ancient empires of the Hittites,Assyrians, and Persians. A number of conquerors controlled the http://www.nationbynation.com/Syria/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... SYRIA Syria's history dates back to the ancient empires of the Hittites, Assyrians, and Persians. A number of conquerors controlled the region, including Babylonians, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks, the Seleucid empire and Rome. Islam came to the region early on and for a period of 90 years (661-751), Damascus was the center of Islamic rule. The Turks arrived in the late 11th century and were in turn threatened by the Crusaders. But the 12th century's Saladin, succeeded in defeating both Turks and Crusaders. The Mamluk empire followed Saladin and Syria was twice attacked by the Mongols during the Mamluk era. The Mamluks were not defeated until the early 16th century by the Ottomans, who essentially retained control until the early 20th century. The League of Nations placed Syria and Lebanon under the control of France. As a reaction to the French in Syria professing loyalty to the Vichy government, Britain together with Free French forces invaded Syria in 1941, creating a Syrian republic the same year. Complete independence was declared in 1944. For the last fifty-plus years, Syria has been an implacable foe of its Middle East neighbor, Israel. Through various configurations, the government of Syria has spent most of its energies on maintaining either a hot war or an uneasy ceasefire with Israel. In 1967, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel, which remains in Israeli hands though Syria tried (and failed) to recapture the area during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Tensions have persisted between Israel and Syria over Lebanon. Since the extremist Ba'ath party came to power in 1963, Syria has maintained a radical stance on most Middle Eastern affairs including terrorism. Syria's long-time leader Hafez el-Assad died in June 2000, a situation which will doubtless have significant ramifications on the stability of the country and the region. More History

10. Syria Gate - About Syria - History Of Syria History of Syria Often called the Cradle of Civilization and the Gateway to History,Syria has a lot to offer history and the development of civilized man. http://www.syriagate.com/Syria/about/general/history.htm

Home Clients Syrian Companies Services ... Search History of Syria History of Syria Often called the Cradle of Civilization and the Gateway to History, Syria has a lot to offer history and the development of civilized man. On the other hand Syria's natural boundaries did nothing for the security of the land its strategic location also made it vulnerable and many conquerors and attackers were able to conquer Syria. It has been a great crossroad for trade between the Mediterranean and the East; it exported the Alphabet to the West, and has been linked to Religion from the beginning, from the Semitic Deities to the monotheistic faiths. Settling, Agriculture and the Beginning of civilization 9000BC: This is where civilization began. The development of agriculture in Syria meant settled communities. Tribes and peoples began to prefer agriculture to hunting and with the appearance of bronze and copper tools, agriculture developed quickly. Along with the development in agriculture came a development in trade, as urbanized communities began to engage in various economic activities. Ebla, Mari and the Bronze Age:

11. Syria History Syria is significant in the history of Christianity; Paul was converted on the roadto Damascus and established the first organized Christian Church at Antioch http://www.nationbynation.com/Syria/History2.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... SYRIA Archaeologists have demonstrated that Syria was the center of one of the most ancient civilizations on earth. Around the excavated city of Ebla in northern Syria, discovered in 1975, a great Semitic empire spread from the Red Sea north to Turkey and east to Mesopotamia from 2500 to 2400 B.C. The city of Ebla alone during that time had a population estimated at 260,000. Scholars believe the language of Ebla to be the oldest Semitic language. Syria was occupied successively by Canaanites, Phoenicians, Hebrews, Arameans, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Nabataeans, Byzantines, and, in part, Crusaders before finally coming under the control of the Ottoman Turks. Syria is significant in the history of Christianity; Paul was converted on the road to Damascus and established the first organized Christian Church at Antioch in ancient Syria, from which he left on many of his missionary journeys. Damascus, settled about 2500 B.C., is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It came under Muslim rule in A.D. 636. Immediately thereafter, the city's power and prestige reached its peak, and it became the capital of the Omayyad Empire, which extended from Spain to India from A.D. 661 to A.D. 750, when the Abbasid caliphate was established at Baghdad, Iraq. Damascus became a provincial capital of the Mameluke Empire around 1260. It was largely destroyed in 1400 by Tamerlane, the Mongol conqueror, who removed many of its craftsmen to Samarkand. Rebuilt, it continued to serve as a capital until 1516. In 1517, it fell under Ottoman rule. The Ottomans remained for the next 400 years, except for a brief occupation by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt from 1832 to 1840.

12. Syria History & Syria Culture | IExplore syria history. http://iexplore.nationalgeographic.com/dmap/Syria/History

dateString = 1120015883; Home Site Index Customer Service Shop MAGAZINES: National Traveler Adventure NG Kids NG Explorer TV AND FILM: Channel (U.S.) Channel (Intl) Explorer GUIDES: Adventure and Animals and History and Maps and News Photography Travel For Kids For Students For Teachers Complete Site Complete Site Index Subscribe Shop Call 1-800-iExplore Keyword Trip Search: Home Trip Finder Destination Guides Join / Sign-in ... Syria History E-mail this page Keyword Search Help Syria Travel Travel and Trips Syria Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Monthly Newsletter Sign-up for monthly travel specials Save up to 50% Privacy Statement Popular Trips to Syria Damascus Aleppo Ankara Syria Ruins ... Palmyra Syria History For years, Syria allied itself with the Soviet Union. Today, its isolation from the West appears to be easing. That's partly due to the Soviet collapse, but the government is also feeling pressure from a small but growing private sector to develop the economy - and tourism would certainly aid that effort. While Syria's economy is currently held together by oil exports, the country's oil wells are expected to run dry within a decade. The formidable President Hafez al-Assad ruled Syria with an iron fist for 30 years until his death in 2000. He tolerated no dissidence - in 1982 the Syrian Army suppressed an uprising by the fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood by killing some 20,000 townspeople in Hama. Now that the presidency has been passed on to his son, Bashar Assad, there has been much speculation about the course the country will take and how it will affect regional politics.

13. Cafe-Syria «» History «» Www.cafe-syria.com syria.com. syria history. Official Site By the Musée de la CivilisationsMusée de la civilisation SYRIE, TERRE DE CIVILISATIONS. http://www.cafe-syria.com/History.htm

Cafe-Syria Introduction Introduction The Country The President Overview ... Geography Economy Economy Finance Industry Petroleum ... Tourism Travel Getting There Getting Around Maps The Land ... The Food About Us About This Site WebMaster Al-Shaam 1999 FeedBack ... Links Syria History Official Site By the Musée de la Civilisations First Leg Of Civilization Tour Opens At The Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig In Basel Switzerland Her Excellency Dr. Najah Attar Syria: Land of Civilizations With the advent of the third millennium, Syrian antiquities and unearthed finds will be shown to the world in a roving exhibition. The exhibition will be held under the title "Syria: Land of Civilizations." The chairman of the Syrian antiquities and museums department, Dr. Ali Abu Assaf, said in statements to the local media that the exhibition will be opened at the beginning of November in Switzerland and will later on move to Canada and the United States, respectively. He added that the exhibition contains some 551 antiquities representing the most remarkable archaeological finds discovered in Syria in the past and the present.

14. Syria: History Related content from HighBeam Research on syria history. syria historyand Government (Countries of the World). Future Publishers http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/0861/4/1/A0861413.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Encyclopedia ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Syria History Early History Until the 20th cent. the term Syria Ugarit ; human habitation at Tell Hamoukar in NE Syria dates to at least 4000 B.C. The Amorites , coming c.2100 B.C. from the Arabian peninsula, were the first important Semitic people to settle in the region, and they established many small states. From the 15th to the 13th cent. B.C. the area probably was part of the empire of the Hittites , although it came under Egyptian rule for long periods during that time. The first great indigenous culture was that of Phoenicia (located mostly in present-day Lebanon), which flourished after 1250 B.C. in a group of trading cities along the coast. In the 10th cent. B.C.

15. Syria History And Government - AME Info Home Middle East Country Guides Syria History and Government. Syrian ArabRepublic. Home Middle East Country Guides Syria History and Government. http://www.ameinfo.com/syria_history_government/

Home E-mail User Login Saturday, June 12 - 2004 The ultimate Middle East business resource Daily News Wires Company News Event News Education Energy, Oil and Gas ... Real Estate Video Content Features and Events Industry Talk Financial Markets Arab Capital Markets Company Profiles Dr. Marc Faber Emerging Markets ... CNNArabic.com Business Extra Appointments Business Features E-Business Enterprise Solutions ... Focus on CRM Industry Focus Arabian Environment Disaster Recovery Executive Education Leadership ... Public Relations Additional Services AME Info Toolbar Business Intelligence Currency Converter Current World Time ... Syria : History and Government Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Arab Republic History and Government History Iraq Israel and Lebanon Government Content in the country guide is updated every 3 months and is to the best of our knowledge accurate and up-to-date. The information contained is intented as a general guide - any opinions or travel advise expressed are not necessarily those of AME Info. Please contact us if you have any questions or corrections to the content in this section. The information is provided in association with Columbus Travel Publishing and my not be republished or reproduced in anyway without the prior written consent by the publisher.

16. ArabO Syria History - ÊÇÑíÎ ÓæÑíÉ Arabic Home. International. syria history ÊÇÑíÎ ÓæÑíÉ. Golan Heights- Syria. History of the Golan Heights. http//www.golan-syria.org/. http://www.arabo.com/links/,211,230,209,237,201/,202,199,209,237,206/

International Syria History - ÊÇÑíÎ ÓæÑíÉ Arabic English ÊÇÑíÎ Here ÇáãæÞÚ Site The Dura-Europos Synagogue Includes brief article, floor plan, and bibliography. http://www.duke.edu/%7Enwb/synagoge/dura.html More Information and Services Ugarit (Ras Shamra) Includes photo gallery and tourist information. http://www.shunya.net/Pictures/Syria/ugarit/Ugarit.htm More Information and Services Abu Hureyra: Village on the Euphrates Includes charts and tables bibliography from excavation of the Neolithic village; bibliography. http://www.rit.edu/%7E698awww/statement.html More Information and Services Golan Heights - Syria History of the Golan Heights. http://www.golan-syria.org/ More Information and Services Jerablus Tahtani Project Includes annual reports, downloadable artifact databases, and bibliography for this Early Bronze Age city. http://www.arcl.ed.ac.uk/arch/jerablus/jerahome.html More Information and Services Qatna The Italian Archaeological Expedition at Tell Mishrife/Qatna (Syria), Udine University. http://www.qatna.org/

17. Syria History And Geography Top of Page. Background Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during WorldWar I, Syria was administered by the French until independence in 1946. http://www.worldhistory.com/geos/sy.htm

[Country Listing] The World Factbook Home] Syria Syria Introduction [Top of Page] Background: Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Syria was administered by the French until independence in 1946. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. Since 1976, Syrian troops have been stationed in Lebanon, ostensibly in a peacekeeping capacity. Talks with Israel over the return of the Golan Heights have recently been revived. Geography [Top of Page] Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey Geographic coordinates: 35 00 N, 38 00 E Map references: Middle East Area: total: 185,180 sq km land: 184,050 sq km water: 1,130 sq km note: includes 1,295 sq km of Israeli-occupied territory Area - comparative: slightly larger than North Dakota Land boundaries: total: 2,253 km border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km Coastline: 193 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 41 nm territorial sea: 35 nm Climate: mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically hitting Damascus

18. Syria History And Archeology An article about Syria. Historical information about Damascus. Historicalinformation about Palmyra. rabierafia@hotmail.com. This web http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Shores/7961/

An article about Syria Historical information about Damascus Historical information about Palmyra rabierafia@hotmail.com This web page was created by Rabie Rafia. http://rabie.somewhere.net This page hosted by Get your own Free Home Page

19. ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations And Peoples: Particular Regions: Arabic East: Syria: ALMISBAH Regions, Nations and Peoples Particular Regions ArabicEast syria history, Politics (WWW). 1. H?izb alH?adathah http://ssgdoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/vlib/ssgfi/subject/almisbah_ssg0302020303_

ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations and Peoples: Particular Regions: Arabic East: Syria: History, Politics (WWW) Source Type Official Governmental Server URL http://www.hadatha4syria.com/ Keywords Syria; politics; political parties DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 2. Electionworld : Elections around the world Source Type Virtual Libraries, Internet Directories and Link Lists URL http://www.electionworld.org/ Keywords politics; elections; political parties; directories; Afghanistan; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman; Bahrain; Iraq; Syria; Lebanon; Jordan; Mauritania; Algeria; Libya; Egypt; Sudan; Cyprus; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Iran; Tajikistan; Turkey; Armenia; Georgia; Azerbaijan; Uzbekistan; Turkmenistan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 3. Golan Source Type Topical Websites URL http://www.golan-syria.org/ Keywords Syria; Golan Hights; geography; history; Israel; settlements; Israel-Arab War, 1967; occupied territories DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 4. Hugoye : Journal of Syriac Studies Source Type Journals with Full Articles Available URL http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/

20. Zorona.com - Syria .. Encyclopaedia of The Orient syria history INTRODUCTION 1. Political situation2. Economy 3. Health Education 4. Religions Peoples 5. History, http://db.zorona.com/English/countries/country.cfm?countryid=19

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