81. Finnish History On The Internet All in all, too much remains unknown about the preSwedish history of Finland. The Swedish. history of firearms in sweden(-Finland). http://ky.hkkk.fi/~k21206/finhist.html

A Web History of Finland Up to Y2K Edition 2.3 (2000) likely to include few omissions and mistakes. Foreword Other resources and literature History by Chronological Order Pre-history before 1100 A.D. ... Post-war Era since 1945 Current Map of Finland Source CIA World Factbook Search the web history page. Foreword This page is a modest attempt to help foreign readers, and possibly Finnish too, to learn basic Finnish history. There exists few other attempts too, but I hope this will provide an integrated story with both actual history and relevant links. It has evolved around my non-professional historical perspective, history is one of my favorite hobbies. I have utilized other sources on the web, suitable links are provided, and literacy to produce a concise but comprehensive Finnish history, possibly letting my own interests show in the composition. I've been critical to source information but further caution may be needed especially behind the links; ordinary mistakes, personal views and opinions may blur the writings. Moreover, I've tried to stick to well known facts but the facts need sometimes a little uncertain glue in between. Also, some names may not have their correct English form. Thus, absolute correctness of all information is not guaranteed. All written is not true and all trues are not written. I thank all the persons and institutions who helped to make this page possible. The text can be linked to and quoted as long as the reference is given. The pictures on this page cannot be further used without the permission of the original source

82. The Russian-Swedish Academic Center.Academic Programs. The frame of studies for the students at the RussianSwedish academic center is The history, culture and politics of sweden . The http://sweden.rsuh.ru/1en.html

Academic programs Research activity Cultural cooperation Our contacts Academic programs The main purpose of this study-program is to educate highly qualified specialists in the areas of Swedish history, culture and politics, whom will be able to go on to doctoral studies, become teachers of Swedish history, and researchers in the fields of Swedish history, culture, political science and archive studies. Considering the amount of language training included in the program, the Graduate students will also be able to work as translators, language-teachers or consultants in a wide range of areas. A special feature of the study-program offered at the center is that it is structured to conform to the structure and principles of Swedish higher education. To this effect an agreement between RSUH and Uppsala University was signed 9.04.1997, stating that teachers from Uppsala University would be engaged in teaching and examining the students at the center. Students from the faculties of Archive studies, History-philology, and Art history have already benefited from this agreement, having taken part in courses led by Swedish guest-lecturers in the fields of Swedish history and Scandinavian art history. After having taken part in these courses, the students, during a period of three semesters, wrote papers and took exams, for which they received Swedish grades, and a certificate from Uppsala University. The frame of studies for the students at the Russian-Swedish academic center is "The history, culture and politics of Sweden"

83. New Netherlands And New Sweden In North America History.New York,Albany. This is a curious history The King of sweden as early as 1624 encouraged by Willem Usselinx was planning expedition in North America, but the Thirty Years http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Styx/6497/newnether.html

The Dutch and Swedish settlements in North America. Nieuw (New) Netherlands and Nya (New) Sverige. Nieuw Amsterdam (Dutch New York). DUTCH ACADIA. Written by Marco Ramerini visits to this page from 26/02/99 NIEUW NETHERLANDS: The 17th century Dutch colony of Nieuw Netherlands was sited between the South River (Delaware River) and the Fresh River (Connecticut River) with his center on the North or Great River (Hudson River) practically in the present USA states of New York, Delaware, Connecticut and New Jersey. The Dutch connection with North America began in September 1609, when Henry Hudson , an English Captain, in service to the VOC V ereenigde O ostIndische C ompagnie)discovered with his ship " De Halve Maene " (The Half Moon) the river which today bears his name. He was in search of a NW passage to Asia. Shortly after the return of the Hudson expedition, Dutch merchants sent out new expeditions, the aim of all these expeditions was fur trade with the Indians. In 1614, the States General of the United Provinces of the Netherlands granted a charter for three years to the New Netherlands Company of Amsterdam. The first Dutch settlement in North America was built in late 1614 on Castle island (an island on the Hudson river little below the site of Albany,NY). This trading-post was called

84. WHKMLA : History Of Sweden, 1771-1792 DOCUMENTS, English Treaties with sweden (Chalmers, Vol.1) 1766, The Commercial Treaty, pp from A selection of events and documents on the history of Finland http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/scandinavia/gustaviii.html

Era of Liberty Sweden during the French Revolution, 1792-1809 Sweden Absolutist (2) : Gustav III., 1772 - 1792 A.) Domestic Policy The coup of 1772 which restored royal rule was possible because only two weeks earlier the non-noble estates had demanded that appointments to high offices should be made exclusively on the basis of merit and capability, thus in disregard of noble status. The nobility was opposed to this; risings were orchestrated in Finland (lead by J.M. Sprengtporten) and in Scania (J.C. Toll); then the palace guard in Stockholm joined the aristocratic community; with Stockholm under control, Riksdag was called to assemble. A new constitution was passed, granting the king much wider authority. Royalist propaganda claimed the coup having saved Sweden from sharing Poland's lot - Poland, ruled by an inefficienmt parliament, the representatives of which were accustomed to accept foreign 'subsidies' (bribes), had just suffered the first Polish Partition. Although Gustav III.'s rule generally is referred to as absolute, Riksdag remained an element of Sweden's political life, was again called to assemble in 1778/79, 1786 and 1789. And Riksdag by no means was merely an instrument of royal policy; in 1786 a heterogeneous opposition held the majority in all estates; most of the king's proposals were rejected (for various reasons). Once in power, Gustav III., following the model set by Louis XIV., tried to tie nobility to the royal court; noblemen exclusively were permitted to join the king at the table. Yet, only a minority of noblemen was satisfied with their role in society (the court party), while, in the 1780es, a majority of noblemen (the land party, headed by AXEL VON FERSEN) opposed royal policy.

85. WHKMLA : History Of Sweden, 1448-1523 The STURE CHRONICLES recorded Swedish history from a perspective supporting the rebels. REFERENCE, Franklin D. Scott, sweden The Nation s history, Univ. http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/scandinavia/swe14481523.html

Sweden 1397-1448 Sweden 1523-1560 Sweden and the Kalmar Union, 1448-1523 A.) The Status of Sweden within the Union of Kalmar, and Swedish-Danish Relations Since 1397 Sweden was one of the three kingdoms that formed the UNION OF KALMAR, the other two being Denmark and Norway. Union king ERIK OF POMERANIA had been by the nobility of Sweden in 1439, by the nobility of Denmark also in 1439. Erik had moved to the island of Gotland, where he continued to rule, claiming to be King of both Denmark and Sweden, until 1449. The Danish Council had elected Christoph of Wittelsbach (Bavaria) king in 1440; Sweden had followed in 1441. Christoph had died in 1448, and the Danish Council now elected Christian I. of Oldenburg. At this point of time, the Swedish Riksrad elected KARL KNUTSSON, co-leader of the rebellion under Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson in 1434 and regent of Sweden 1438-1441, King of Sweden; the Norwegian council also elected Karl Knutsson. While Danish King Christian maintained that the Kalmar Union was not dissolved and he thus had a claim for the crowns of both Norway and Sweden, the island of GOTLAND, claimed both by Sweden and Denmark was an immediate bone of contention. Sweden launched an invasion and got control of the island except the fortress of VISBORG, where Erik XIII. held out. Erik sold out the fortress and his claim to the crown to Christian, and at night Danish soldiers sneaked into the fortress; the Swedes evacuated the island and Gotland again was under Danish control.

86. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Sweden Poems of imaginary adventures and French metrical romances, as Ivan and the Lion , Fleur and Blanchefleur , were imitated in sweden, and history in a http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14347a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... S > Sweden A B C D ... Z Sweden The largest of the three Scandinavian countries and the eastern half of the Scandinavian peninsula, lies between 55ºand 68º north latitude and 12º and 24º east longitude. It is bounded on the west by Norway, the Skager Rack, and the Cattegat, on the east by Russian Finland and the Baltic. (For map see DENMARK.) Including the Islands of Gotland and Öland, Sweden has an area of 172,876 square miles, of which 73,040 are forest land; 15,000, water; over 20,000, farming and grass land, while what is left consists of barren land, moorland, and pasture land. Although the elevation of the land is on the whole considerably higher than that of Denmark, still the country lacks the mountainous districts of Norway; it is only in the northern part that there are found some mountain peaks, as Suliteluma, which rises to a height of 6150 ft. and glaciers such as Sylfjell. The ground consists chiefly of primitive rock, granite, and gneiss, the disintegrated parts of which form the soil. The great majority of the population of 5,500,000 persons consist of Swedes (

87. History Sweden Eu2001.se sweden, Swden in brief / history. Read more about sweden s history on the Swedish Institute s website. Important dates in sweden s history. http://www.eu2001.se/static/eng/facts/kort_historia.asp

SATURDAY JUNE 12 - 2004 Search Help Sitemap SWEDEN Swden in brief / History Sweden in brief Population Language and religion Geography ... Links History Vikings from Sweden and other parts of Scandinavia made long expeditions in ingeniously built boats during the period from approximately 800 until 1050. The Viking expeditions were a combination of trading expeditions, plundering raids and pure emigration. The Swedish Vikings primarily travelled eastwards through what is now Russia to the Caspian and Black Seas, where they established trading stations along the coasts and rivers. Many Vikings chose to use Russian waterways to come to Särkland, which is what they called the Abbasidic Caliphate, south of the Caspian Sea where Baghdad was the capital city. A country which was often mentioned on rune stones is Greece or Byzantium with its capital city of Constantinople. The Vikings were renowned among other things for their height and their blonde hair. Legends also say that it was Vikings from Roslagen, north of Stockholm, who founded Gårdarike, now known as Russia. The kingdom of Sweden began to take form in the 12th century. Until the 16th century, the borders between the Nordic countries were continually shifting. For a short period in the 14th century, Sweden, Norway and Denmark were linked together in a union. Sweden had already gained control of Finland. The foundations of modern Sweden were laid in the 16th century. During the 17th century, Sweden developed into a great power in Europe with possessions all around the Baltic Sea. However, this small country constituted far too weak a base for a great power empire and by the 18th century, its power had begun to deteriorate. After this there were a number of misfortunes. Sweden was forced, after a war against Russia in 1808-1809 to surrender Finland. The Union entered into between Sweden and Norway in 1814 was dissolved in 1905.

88. Sources Of Medieval Swedish Church History: Index To Texts This site publishes some medieval source concerning Swedish church history. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY SOURCES OF MEDIEVAL SWEDISH CHURCH history SELECTED TEXTS. http://www.columbia.edu/acis/ets/Sweden/

C OLUMBIA U NIVERSITY S OURCES OF M EDIEVAL S WEDISH C HURCH H ISTORY SELECTED TEXTS Access Restrictions: current Columbia faculty, staff and students only unrestricted Search collection: Not yet in function (NOTE: Some search results will turn out to be restricted to current Columbia faculty, staff and students) Index Access Title Chronicon episcoporum Finlandensium Sources of Medieval Swedish Church History series) Legenda S. Helenae Schedviensis Sources of Medieval Swedish Church History series) Uppsala Incerti scriptoris Sueci chronicon primorum in ecclesia Upsalensi archiepiscoporum Sources of Medieval Swedish Church History series) Sources of Medieval Swedish Church History series) To Digital Collections Home Page To ... Home Page Comments and Questions to: libraryweb@systems.cul.columbia.edu Last revision: 6/28/96 Columbia Web Library Web CLIO Plus

89. Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet Welcome to the swedish museum of natural history. http://www.nrm.se/

90. July 23 Saint The story of her life. Suitable for children. http://www.tntt.org/vni/tlieu/saints/St0723.htm

JULY 23 ST. BRIDGET OF SWEDEN Bridget was born in Sweden in 1303. From the time she was a child, she was greatly devoted to the passion of Jesus. When she was only ten, she seemed to see Jesus on the cross and hear him say, "Look at me, my daughter." "Who has treated you like this?" cried little Bridget. "They who despise me and refuse my love for them," answered Jesus. From then on, Bridget tried to stop people from offending Jesus. When she was fourteen, she married eighteen-year-old Ulf. Like Bridget, Ulf had set his heart on serving God. They had eight children, of whom one was St. Catherine of Sweden. Bridget and Ulf served the Swedish court. Bridget was the queen's personal maid. Bridget tried to help King Magnus and Queen Blanche lead better lives. For the most part, they did not listen to her. All her life, Bridget had marvelous visions and received special messages from God. In obedience to them, she visited many rulers and important people in the Church. She explained humbly what God expected of them. After her husband died, Bridget put away her rich clothes. She lived as a poor nun. Later, she started the order of the Most Holy Savior, also known as Bridgettines. She still kept up her own busy life, traveling about doing good everywhere. And through all this activity, Jesus continued to reveal many secrets to her. These she received without the least bit of pride. Shortly before she died, the saint went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. At the shrines there, she had visions of what Jesus had said and done in that place. All St. Bridget's revelations on the sufferings of Jesus were published after her death. St. Bridget died in Rome on July 23, 1373. She was proclaimed a saint by Pope Boniface IX in 1391.

91. Swedish History (the Sc.nordic FAQ) Swedish history. Subject 7.3. history. (A more verbose chronicle is to find in the sections 7.3.37.3.7.) 7.3.1 A chronology of important dates. http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq731.html

92. Mikael Jolkkonen's Homes #1: Life In Sweden Information about sweden aimed at Americans. http://www.update.uu.se/~jolkkonen/sverige.html

Although my profession makes it necessary for me to spend much time abroad - or should I say that it allows me to travel? - Sweden is the place where I feel at home. Perhaps the Swedish culture will seem as odd to the Americans as the American often seems to Swedes. In all likelihood, it will seem even more so, since the Americans aren't fed Swedish soap operas, police serials etc several hours a day. Indeed, Americans are so well protected from European influences that when a European film makes especially high profits in Europe, it is often still not shown in the US; instead, an American version based on the same script is made. We Swedes, on the other hand, have seen thousands of American police cars fly through the air and land upside down, countless heroes and crooks die gracefully after being shot in the stomach, and the sillier among us often dress in sports shoes, baseball caps and ill-fitting trousers after American fashion. It is therefore a bit difficult to decide what information on Sweden to present here. As things stand right now, I have not written any material of my own on the subject. I'm partial, anyway: I think that Sweden has a more pleasant climate than Florida, I don't think private persons should have the right to keep and bear firearms, and I prefer blood pudding with cowberry jam to peanut butter sandwiches. So instead of writing a presentation of Sweden, I think I'll just offer some links to sites that I believe have something to tell about the country.

93. Swedish History 1521-1718 (the Sc.nordic FAQ) Swedish history 15211718. 7.3.4 The consolidation of the state. The 16th century is markedby struggle between the kings and the http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq734.html

94. Welcome A casual guide to living, working or visiting sweden. http://www.swedenlife.8k.com/

Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com Web Hosting - GlobalServers.com Choose an ISP NetZero High Speed Internet ... Dial up $14.95 or NetZero Internet Service $9.95 Sweden Life Welcome Facts maps Cities ... Other info ::Tourist info ::Cultural guide. ::City guide. ::Links. ::News ::Travel ::Work ::...at swedenlife.8k.com www.swedenlife.8k.com Welcome to Swedenlife.8k.com. Over the next couple of weeks we will present a casual guide to Living and working in Sweden. If you have any comments or content suggestions then please sign our guestpage or e-mail us at: webmaster@gypsyswitch.zzn.com We are under re-construction! please feel free to look around and use our links, our full guide is being prepared... Site now produced by Gypsy Switch(www.loki.8k.com)

95. Patron Saints Index: Saint Bridget Of Sweden Also known as Birgit. Illustrated profile. http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintb07.htm

BRIDGET of Sweden Also known as Birgitta of Sweden; Birgit of Sweden Memorial 23 July ; formerly 8 October Profile Daughter of Birger Persson, the governor and provincial judge of Uppland, and of Ingeborg Bengtsdotter. Her father was one of the greatest landowners in the country, her mother was known widely for her piety, and the family were descendants of the Swedish royal house. Related to Saint Ingrid. Bridget began receiving visions, most of the Crucifixion, at age seven. Her mother died c. when the girl was about twelve years old, and she was raised and educated by an equally pious aunt. In , at age thirteen, she wed prince Ulfo of Nercia in an arranged marriage. Mother of eight children including Saint Catherine of Sweden ; some of the other children ignored the Church. Friend and counselor to many priests and theologians of her day. Chief lady-in-waiting to Queen Blanche of Namur in , from which position she counseled and guided the Queen and King Magnus II. After Ulfo's death in following a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela , she pursued a religious life, for which she was harassed by others at the court. She eventually renounced her title of

96. Kulturpolitik I Europa: Svenska / Sweden - Cultural Policy Database - European C Access to data, facts, trends and summaries of current debates on national cultural policy developments in the country. http://www.culturalpolicies.net/sweden.htm

Cultural Policies in Europe: a Compendium of Basic Facts and Trends - Cultural Policy Database - european culture policy Kulturpolitik i Europa/Cultural Policies in Europe: en sammanställning av fakta och trender rörande kulturpolitik i de flesta länder i Europa. Ny information och nya länder tillkommer hela tiden. Materialet är resultatet av ett ett gemensamt projekt mellan Europarådet, forskningsinstitutet ERICarts i Bonn och ett nätverk av samarbetspartner i de enskilda länderna. För den svenska beskrivningen, "landprofilen" 1999-2002, svarar Gudrun Vahlquist, Statens kulturråd. Vid tidigare versioner har medverkan skett med Maja Söderberg (1999) och med Brita Lundh, Kulturdepartementet (1999-2001) Cultural Policies in Europe: a compendium of basic facts and trends is a transnational project initiated by the Council of Europe and has been running since 1998 as a joint venture with the European Institute for Comparative Cultural Research (ERICarts). It is a unique (on-line and off-line) information system which provides easy access to data, facts, trends and summaries of current debates on national cultural policy developments in Europe. Politiques culturelles en Europe: un recueil de faits et tendances est un projet transnational lancé par le Conseil de l'Europe, et est mené depuis 1988 en partenariat avec l'Institut européen de recherche pour les politiques culturelles comparées et les Arts (ERICarts). Il constitue un unique système d'information, à la fois consultable sur internet et en publication écrite. Celui-ci procure un accès simple aux données, faits, tendances et résumés de débats actuels sur les développements des politiques culturelles nationales en Europe

97. Society For Technical Communication - Nordic Chapter Provides links, resources, job bank, workshops and networking for STC members. http://www.stc-nordic.org/sweden/

@import "stc_styles.css"; Nordic Chapter Home About STC Joining STC Jobs ... For the Press STC-Europe STC Nordic Chapter Welcome to STC in the Nordic countries Our members include technical writers, editors, managers, instructional designers, and graphics professionals working in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland. This Web site is a resource for our members. We welcome visitors who are interested in technical communications and want to learn more about our chapter. The goal of our Web site is to provide resources, chapter information, and timely access to meeting information for chapter members. We also aim to provide information for technical communicators interested in joining STC. Chapter officers: President - Karen Mardahl Vice President - Vacant Membership Manager - Vacant Treasurer - Jon Jackson Secretary - Vacant Webmaster - Address: E-mail chapter president css xhtml

98. VMCS - Vmax Club Sweden Officiell webbplats f¶r Svenska Vmaxklubben, en m¤rkesklubb f¶r Yamaha Vmax. Nyheter och evenemang, tips, l¤nkar och bilder. http://www.vmcs.org/

The offical homepage of Vmax Club Sweden - Svenska Vmaxklubbens officiella hemsida. Vmax Club Sweden news and events, tips, links and pictures - VMCS nyheter och evenemang, tips, länkar och bilder. This is the official homepage of Vmax Club Sweden. Dedicated to the enjoyment of the Yamaha Vmax motorcycle. On these pages you'll find information about our club, its members and our activities, along with pictures, tips and links to the best sites on the Internet. Welcome to Vmax Club Sweden Our club was founded in 1998 with the purpose of joining all Swedish Maxers and to promote public interest among the biker community for the King of Hotrods - the Yamaha Vmax 1200 motorcycle. A bike that despite only minor changes since its introduction in 1985, still turns heads, demands respect and attracts new Vmax addicts. On these pages you'll find information about our club, its members and our activities, along with pictures, tips and links to the best sites on the Internet. By the way... You'll need a browser that supports frames

99. Www.allweb.se - Allweb Sweden AB Design och programmering f¶r Internet, intranet och extranet samt webbhotelltj¤nster. http://www.allweb.se/

START Allweb driver webhotell och utför design av hemsidor samt utveckling av webshoppar och andra interaktiva tjänster Allweb Sweden AB driver både webhotell och webdesign samt utvecklar program för internet såsom webshop och hemsidan man själv kan uppdatera - Dynamic Web. Vårt säte är i Falkenberg, men vår webserver står i Varberg, med fiberanslutning till internet. Vi driftar framförallt hemsidorna på en Linux-server med Apache, MySql, PHP och andra funktioner. Men vi kan även erbjuda Windows 2000 server med IIS och andra lösningar. allweb, allwebb, webhotell, webserver, webdesign, php, hemsida, hemsidor, dynamic, dynamic web, internet, webshop, ebutik, webstore, ecommerce, falkenberg, varberg, halland Startsida Företaget Webhotellet Priser ... More sites on allweb.se This site requires FRAMES. Please update your browser!

100. Scouting In Sweden an overview of the Swedish scouting movement. http://www.faqs.org/faqs/scouting/worldwide/part1/section-15.html

Single Page Top Document: [rec.scouting.*] Scouting Around the World Pt. 1 (FAQ 8) Previous Document: Singapore Next Document: Scouting in Switzerland Usenet FAQs Search Web FAQs ... RFC Index Scouting in Sweden http://www.scout.se/ Top Document: [rec.scouting.*] Scouting Around the World Pt. 1 (FAQ 8) Previous Document: Singapore Next Document: Scouting in Switzerland Single Page Usenet FAQs Search Web FAQs ... RFC Index Send corrections/additions to the FAQ Maintainer: nelsonb@aztec.asu.edu (BILL NELSON) Last Update June 07 2004 @ 00:24 AM

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