1. Superconductors A great place to start learning about superconductors. Start here! Arizona State University. One of the top Internet education http://superconductors.org/

VISITOR ALERT: We have detected that your browser is not Java-enabled. Please enable Java and Java Script by clicking on your Browser's "PREFERENCES" area. If you don't not wish to enable Java, you will not be able to view all of the information available on this website. Java is used extensively. What is a Superconductor ? The History of Superconductors Uses for Superconductors Type 1 Superconductors ... Visitor Stats and Kudos "A great place to start learning about superconductors. Start here!" - Arizona State University One of "the top Internet education sites..." - Innovative Teaching "The best information online about superconductivity." - Energy Science News "Superlative...invaluable...endlessly informative." - Netsurfer Science "The greatest Superconductor site on earth." - Michigan State University Over 601,929 Super people have found this Index page since July 2, 1999. SUPERCONDUCTORS.ORG is a non-profit, non-affiliated website intended to introduce beginners and non-technical people to the world of superconductors.

2. Superconductors: A Guide To Resources On The Web A directory of internet resources about superconductors, including manufacturers, organizations, publications and conferences. Australian superconductors produces high temperature superconductors http://www.shahlimar.com/superconductor

T his guide provides links to web resources about all aspects of superconductivity, including research, education, manufacturers, materials, applications and public policy. The links are organized into the categories of Organizations, Academia, Industry, Government, Publications, Article and Reference Materials, Glossaries, and Conferences and Symposia. Organizations Conectus (CSA) (Consortium of European Companies Determined to Use Superconductivity) has a goal of strengthening the general infrastructure for commercial applications of superconductivity in Europe based on the belief that superconductivity will become a major technology in the 21st century. The Cryogenic Society of America, Inc. (CSA) was established in 1964 to promote the dissemination of information about low temperature processes and techniques. The European Network for Superconductivity is funded by the European Commission. The Midwest Superconductivity Consortium (MISCON) consists of six major universities in the U.S. heartland and a number of industrial affiliates. Established in September 29, 1989. Oak Ridge National Laboratory 's Superconducting Technology Program for Electric Power Systems.

3. Superconductivity Concepts Characteristic lengths in superconductors. Index. superconductors. by Joe Eck http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/supcon.html

Characteristic lengths in superconductors Index Superconductors by Joe Eck HyperPhysics Condensed Matter R Nave Go Back

4. Materials By Design: Superconductors Materials by Design. superconductors. superconductors are used in medicalinstruments such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems. http://www.mse.cornell.edu/engri111/superco.htm

Superconductors A superconductor can conduct electricity without electrical resistance at temperatures above absolute zero. The change from normal electrical conductivity to superconductivity occurs abruptly at a critical temperature T c A superconductor is also able to exclude the surrounding magnetic field. This is known as the Meissner Effect. When a small, strong magnet approaches a superconductor, it induces a current in the superconductor. Because the current flows inside the superconductor without electrical resistance, the current induces its own magnetic field which can repel the magnet, producing a force to counteract gravity in order to levitate the magnet above the surface of the superconductor. Superconductors are used in medical instruments such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems. Video clip: Microsoft Video for Windows AVI (142 kB), Apple QuickTime (138 kB) Critical Values for Superconductors Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ceramics and Glasses Composites ... Materials by Design is produced by Cornell University's Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University

5. Superconductors Treball de batxillerat de Mart­ Cuquet de l'IES Escola del Treball de Granollers. http://www.geocities.com/treball_sc/

Superconductors Tecnologia i Aplicacions Treball de Recerca de 2n de Batxillerat Científico-tècnic Entrar Autor: Martí Cuquet i Palau Tutor: Ramon Collell I.E.S. Escola Municipal del Treball de Granollers 26 de Febrer de 2002 www.geocities.com/treball_sc Pàgina creada el 20 de març de 2002 per Martí Cuquet i Palau Última actualització:

6. Superconductors New research is unlocking the amazing potential of hightemperature superconductors. uses "old fashioned" low-temperature superconductors that require liquid helium for a High-temperature superconductors can use liquid nitrogen instead, which is cheaper, more http://www.firstscience.com/site/articles/superconductors.asp

Brain Strain Fun Stuff The Facts Other Site Map Superconductors New research is unlocking the amazing potential of high-temperature superconductors. by Patrick L. Barry Image courtesy RTRI The experimental "maglev" train, currently being tested by Japan's Railway Technical Research Institute , uses "old fashioned" low-temperature superconductors that require liquid helium for a coolant. High-temperature superconductors can use liquid nitrogen instead, which is cheaper, more abundant, and easier to handle. Few technologies ever enjoy the sort of rock-star celebrity that superconductors received in the late 1980s. Headlines the world over trumpeted the discovery of "high temperature" superconductors (abbreviated HTS), and the media and scientists alike gushed over the marvels that we could soon expect from this promising young technology. Levitating 300-mph trains, ultra-fast computers, and cheaper, cleaner electricity were to be just the beginning of its long and illustrious career. Today we might ask, like a Hollywood gossip columnist: what ever happened to the "high-temp" hype?

7. Molecular Expressions Photo Gallery: The Superconductor Collection any other major discoveries regarding superconductors would be unearthed, scientists believing for than their intriguing lack of resistance, superconductors acted as other materials http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/superconductor/super.html

The Superconductor Collection Ceramic Superconductor Single Crystal Superconductors Superconductivity is a phenomenon characterized by the disappearance of electrical resistance in various metals, alloys, and compounds when they are cooled below a certain level, usually termed the critical temperature (Tc). The phenomenon was first observed in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who noted that the resistance of a frozen mercury rod abruptly dropped to zero when cooled to the boiling point of helium (4.2 Kelvin). Onnes is also credited with realizing that a material in a superconducting state can be returned to its standard, nonsuperconducting condition through exposure to a strong magnetic field of a certain critical value or by passing a large current through it. For his significant findings, Onnes was awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physics. Yet, another 20 years would pass before any other major discoveries regarding superconductors would be unearthed, scientists believing for many years that other than their intriguing lack of resistance, superconductors acted as other materials. In 1933, however, Walter Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld discovered that superconducting materials displayed an unusually high level of diamagnetism (the ability to repel magnetic fields completely). Now known as the

8. Previous Articles A look at what makes some conductors super, from About.com http://physics.about.com/library/weekly/aa111798.htm?rf=dp&COB=home

9. Superconductors superconductors superconductors.org, a nonprofit, non-affiliated Website, provides this clear introduction to the world of superconductors. Starting appropriately with Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, the http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://superconductors.org/&y=02AF9F352EB99

10. Superconductor Uses The Yamanashi MLX01 MagLev train. Uses for superconductors. Magneticlevitationis an application where superconductors perform extremely well. http://superconductors.org/Uses.htm

VISITOR ALERT: We have detected that your browser is not Java-enabled. Please enable Java and Java Script by clicking on your Browser's "PREFERENCES" area. If you don't not wish to enable Java, you will not be able to view all of the information available on this website. Java is used extensively. The Yamanashi MLX01 MagLev train. Uses for Superconductors Magnetic-levitation is an application where superconductors perform extremely well. Transport vehicles such as trains can be made to "float" on strong superconducting magnets, virtually eliminating friction between the train and its tracks. Not only would conventional electromagnets waste much of the electrical energy as heat, they would have to be physically much larger than superconducting magnets. A landmark for the commercial use of MAGLEV technology occurred in 1990 when it gained the status of a nationally-funded project in Japan. The Minister of Transport authorized construction of the Yamanashi Maglev Test Line which opened on April 3, 1997. In December 2003, the MLX01 test vehicle (shown above) attained an incredible speed of 361 mph (581 kph). Although the technology has now been proven, the wider use of MAGLEV vehicles has been constrained by political and environmental concerns (strong magnetic fields

11. Can Superconductors Can superconductors. High temperature superconductorsfor practical applications. Can superconductors 2003. http://www.can.cz/

High temperature superconductors for practical applications Home About and Contacts Current Leads Magnetic Shields ... Demonstration Kits Can Superconductors High temperature superconductors for practical applications Can Superconductors 2003

12. Can Superconductors - Demonstration Kits subjects. CSDK 1 Demonstration kit for Meissner effect. - basic propertyof superconductors. Small current limiters. Can superconductors 2003. http://www.can.cz/demokits.php

High temperature superconductors for practical applications Home About and Contacts Current Leads Magnetic Shields ... Demonstration Kits Superconductivity demonstration kits For educational purposes we prepare following low priced kits for schools. All the kits can be used as aids for teaching physics and other subjects. CSDK 1 - Demonstration kit for Meissner effect - basic property of superconductors Small rare earth magnet levitating above high temperature superconductor YBaCuO disk cooled by liquid nitrogen. CSDK 2 - Demonstration kit of strong levitation force - example of applicable superconductivity - demonstration of simple magnetic bearing - kit also includes aids for Meissner effect demonstration Easy handling superconducting magnetic top of 0.1 kg levitating and flying above high temperature superconductor cooled by liquid nitrogen demonstrates strong forces between NdFeB permanent magnet and superconducting YBaCuO levitator. Other demonstration parts - parts made of BiPbSrCaCuO superconductor (critical temperature 108 K) CSB-2/3/20 - superconducting bar with silver layer on both ends for an easy soldering the current and voltage leads (thickness 2 mm, width 3 mm, length 20 mm) - suitable as a sample for measuring the critical temperature and critical current

13. Distributed Energy Resources Guide: Equipment- Energy Storage / UPS Systems Summarizes five energy storage technologies batteries, flywheels, superconductors, capacitors, and compressed air. http://www.energy.ca.gov/distgen/equipment/energy_storage/energy_storage.html

DER Home Background DER Equipment ... Fuel Cells Energy Storage / UPS Photovoltaic Systems Wind Systems Hybrid Systems Research Initiatives ... DER Links DER Equipment Energy Storage / UPS Systems Applications Performance Cost Future Development ... Vendors Energy storage technologies produce no net energy but can provide electric power over short periods of time. They are used to correct voltage sags, flicker, and surges, that occurs when utilities or customers switch suppliers or loads. They may also be used as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). As such, energy storage technologies are considered to be a distributed energy resource. Photo Source: UP Networks A short discussion of each technology follows: Battery Storage Utilities typically use batteries to provide an uninterruptible supply of electricity to power substation switchgear and to start backup power systems. However, there is an interest to go beyond these applications by performing load leveling and peak shaving with battery systems that can store and dispatch power over a period of many hours. Batteries also increase power quality and reliability for residential, commercial, and industrial customers by providing backup and ride-through during power outages. The standard battery used in energy storage applications is the lead-acid battery. A lead-acid battery reaction is reversible, allowing the battery to be reused. There are also some advanced sodium/sulfur, zinc/bromine, and lithium/air batteries that are nearing commercial readiness and offer promise for future utility application.

14. WestTech MIS - What Are Superconductors? WestTech MIS and Superconductor Week (323) 9371211 What's a superconductor? superconductors are materials that conduct electricity with no resistance superconductors already have drastically http://www.superconductorweek.com/superconductors.htm

15. Dept. Of Condensed Matter Peter Nordlander's group investigates nonequilibrium processes in mesoscopic systems and on surfaces focus on many-electron effects. Qimiao Si specializes in the theory of strongly correlated electron systems emphasis on non-Fermi liquid behavior. projects quantum dot, Kondo, nanoparticles, high temperature superconductors http://juktan.rice.edu

16. Subir Sachdev Theoretical research on quantum phase transitions and their application to correlated electron materials like the high temperature superconductors and other complex oxides. http://pantheon.yale.edu/~subir/

Subir Sachdev Professor of Physics Yale University. Book on Quantum Phase Transitions - for graduate students and researchers. Published by Cambridge University Press. Reviews in Physics Today Contemporary Physics Physikalische Blatter Journal of Statistical Physics Email: subir.sachdev@yale.edu Mail: Department of Physics Yale University, P.O.Box New Haven CT Phone: Fax: Location: 55A Sloane Physics Laboratory Research interests - for a general audience Research interests - for a technical audience discussion of my research on various topics, along with links to all my publications. All papers on the cond-mat archive List of all publications. Recent talks C.V. : short long Order and quantum phase transitions in the cuprate superconductors - review article based on a number of recent colloquia, Reviews of Modern Physics PDF file cond-mat/0211005 Quantum phases and phase transitions of Mott insulators - review article on quantum magnetism PDF file cond-mat/0401041 Quantum Phase Transitions popular science article to appear in The New Physics edited by Gordon Fraser

17. FUNDAMENTALS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS FUNDAMENTALS OF superconductors. It is far beyond the scope of this video bookletto attempt to discuss the quantum mechanics of superconductors. http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt3.html

FUNDAMENTALS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS The theoretical understanding of superconductivity is extremely complicated and involved. It is far beyond the scope of this video booklet to attempt to discuss the quantum mechanics of superconductors. However, in this section fundamental terms and phenomena of superconductors will be discussed. Superconductors have the ability to conduct electricity without the loss of energy. When current flows in an ordinary conductor, for example copper wire, some energy is lost. In a light bulb or electric heater, the electrical resistance creates light and heat. In metals such as copper and aluminum, electricity is conducted as outer energy level electrons migrate as individuals from one atom to another. These atoms form a vibrating lattice within the metal conductor; the warmer the metal the more it vibrates. As the electrons begin moving through the maze, they collide with tiny impurities or imperfections in the lattice. When the electrons bump into these obstacles they fly off in all directions and lose energy in the form of heat. Figure (3) is a drawing that shows atoms arranged in a crystalline lattice and moving electrons bouncing off the atoms that are in their way.

18. McDevitt Group Research Pages Features research in materials and solid state chemistry including superconductors and taste chips. Includes lists of recent publications and collaborations. http://neon.cm.utexas.edu/mcdevitt/

The University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Welch 4.428 and 4.410 Austin, TX 78712-1167 UT Electronic Directory Electronic Journals MSDS Data Sheet Glossary

19. Superconductors Show Their Stripes Charge 'stripes' have been observed in the most widely studied hightemperature superconductor, bolstering a theory that says they're the key to carrying electricity without resistance. Like tigers and zebras, high-temperature superconductors appear to be curious beasts, distinguished by their of the so-called cuprate superconductors, as reported in the 4 March http://focus.aps.org/v9/st12.html

Previous Story Next Story January - June 2002 Archive Phys. Rev. Lett. (issue of 4 March 2002) 27 February 2002 Title and Authors Superconductors Show Their Stripes K. Hermann/Fritz Haber Institute Supercrystal. One theory claims that "stripes" of electric charges allow the planes of copper (green) and oxygen (blue) in YBa Cu O to carry current without resistance at high temperatures. Now the stripes have been observed in this material. Like tigers and zebras, high-temperature superconductors appear to be curious beasts, distinguished by their stripes. Some physicists believe that electricity runs without resistance along lines, or "stripes," of electric charge in these materials. That controversial theory gets a big boost now that a team has finally observed these stripes in the most widely studied of the so-called cuprate superconductors, as reported in the 4 March print issue of PRL . The researchers' large crystal sample enabled them to detect new details in neutron scattering data that support the notion that you can't separate a cuprate superconductor from its stripes. The cuprate superconductors are something like multi-tiered dance halls for electric charges. They consist of parallel planes of copper and oxygen atoms. Within each plane the copper atoms arrange themselves in a square grid, with an oxygen atom sitting between each pair of neighboring coppers. Between the planes lie atoms of other elements, and some of these absorb electrons from the copper atoms, leaving positively charged "holes" behind. Researchers know that these holes pair up to waltz without resistance along the planes. However, they aren't sure how the like-charged holes manage to cling together.

20. Welcome To Dr. Zhi Gang Yu's Web Site Research physicist studying spindependent transport in organic materials and devices, DNA and proteins, conducting polymers, and high-temperature superconductors. http://aristotle.sri.com/~zyu/

I am a Research Physicist in the Applied Physical Sciences Laboratory at SRI International Phone: (650) 859-6456 Fax: (650) 859-5036 Email: zyu@aristotle.sri.com http://aristotle.sri.com/~zyu SRI International 333 Ravenswood Ave Mail Stop 306-22 Menlo Park, CA 94025 Graphics by

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