21. African Art On The Internet Lwalwa, Makonde, Mbole, Mossi, Pende, suku, Tabwa, Woyo twostory architecture, Islam and indigenous African cultures displays from 20 major peoples from West http://www.artisandesigngroup.ws/museums/africa/africa.htm

Topics : Art Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: South African Art Photographs Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Afribilia London-based dealer offers for sale African coins, military medals, bank notes, documents, badges, postcards, and other historical / political artifacts. Site of David Saffery. http://www.afribilia.com/ Africa e Mediterraneo (Roma : Istituto sindacale per la cooperazione allo sviluppo) In Italian. A quarterly magazine about African culture and society. Has the table of contents. Topics covered: literature and theatre, music and dance, visual arts (painting, sculpture, photography) , cinema, immigration. Owned by Lai-momo, a non-profit co-operative. Contact:

22. Sticks, Stones, Roots And Bones Hoodoo- An American Magical Tradition Kongo, suku, and Yaka people of Central africa create some excellent examples of these sculptures. indigenous people are vary adaptable. http://altreligion.about.com/library/weekly/aa091603b.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Alternative Religions Home Essentials ... Priory of Sion zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Religions A-Z Image Gallery Library Hermetic Tradition ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Alternative Religions newsletter. Search Alternative Religions Hoodoo- An American magical tradition Email to a friend Printer friendly version Related Resources Hoodoo Afro-Caribbean syncretic religion African religions Glossary Elsewhere on the net Articles by Stephanie Rose Bird Afro-Caribbean Religions: Continuity and Change About Subscribe to the Free Newsletter Your Email Address: Ashe, Mojo, everyday Hoodoo You describe Ashe as the power of nature. Can you elaborate? Ashe is a Yoruban term; Yoruba are a group of people who originated in and around Nigeria. Ashe is the invisible power of nature represented in all natural products and organic objects.

23. Africa Indigenous People Resources Bangwa africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_resourc.htm

Bangwa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA -Bangwa "The Bangwa occupy a mountainous and part forested countryside west of the Bamileke in south-eastern Cameroon, near the headwaters of the Cross River. They comprise nine chiefdoms. People live in separate family compounds, sometimes with large meeting houses where visitors may be received." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/bangwa/welcome.html Bangwa People "Authority among the Bangwa was traditionally instituted as part of the Bamileke political complex. Like most of the western Grasslands people, Babanki political authority is vested in a village chief, who is supported by a council of elders, and is called Fon." You will find material related to Bangwa history, culture, arts, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bangwa.html

24. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile . Grebo mask, indigenous repairFINE $900.00. Mask. Metoko people. Hermaphrodite statue-suku-Congo-FINE $550.00. Hermaphroditic Statue....... . Full http://www.africadirect.com/new2.html?category=New_Products&pagenum=10&start=270

25. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile Buye) Democratic Republic of Congo Wood, nail through arm (indigenous repair.) Date suku people. Zulu beer basketSouth africa-FINE $150.00. Height is 14.5 inches http://www.africadirect.com/new2.html?category=New_Products&pagenum=3&start=60

26. Africa africa; the first language of most people is one Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages, Yes. pedi) sotho, southern ubi sui suku sukuma sundanese http://www.ethiotrans.com/africa.htm

Africa Home About Africa Services Health Education Portfolio Get Quote ... ALRC County Flag Language Support Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Yes Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Yes Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north) Yes Botswana English (official), Setswana Yes Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population Yes Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Yes Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) Yes Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili Yes Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects Yes Congo, Democratic Republic of the

27. Teaching Africa For K-12 africa/history/hisk12.html african indigenous Knowledge Systems Dr Makonde, Mbole, Mossi, Pende, suku, Tabwa, Woyo two year fieldtrip for young people to africa http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/africaneducation/teaching-africa-K

Topics Education : Teaching about Africa for K-12 Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: Absolutely Whootie The stories, for K-12, are taken from books and are revised by children's comments "to best please the audience." Includes stories from Africa. http://hazel.forest.net/whootie/default.html Africa - PBS / National Geographic / Thirteen/WNET NY Television Series, Sept. 9 - Oct. 28, 2001 Eight episodes cover the Savanna and a woman moving from the city to rural life (Serengeti, Tanzania), the Sahara (a 9 year old boy from Niger crosses the desert on camel to collect and sell salt, etc. Each episode has a slide shows, video clips (requires sound card, speakers). Photoscopes cover AIDS, urban life, conflict, women. There is an African Challenge quiz and teachers' guide (in Adobe PDF). In the Africa for Kids section , spend a day with kids from Ghana and e-mail them, play the thumb piano / record your tune, (requires Flash, sound card), listen to a Swahili tale or read it yourself, make a Dogon mask. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/africa/ Africa Access Guide to children's literature on Africa. Reviews are written by univ. faculty, librarians, and teachers many of whom are in African studies or have lived in Africa. Use the Search to locate, for ex., Swahili culture. Edited by Brenda Randolph. http://filemaker.mcps.k12.md.us/aad/

28. In The Presence Of Spirits and sculptural inventiveness of the cultures indigenous to these from the Yaka, Nkanu, Zombo, suku, Matapa and of objects from the Bidjogo peoples who live on http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=534

29. Africa (tw8)(afr1Page2) artefacts, Azande, Bondo, Kongo, suku, Chokwe, Lulua part the country, people, religion, sociology, material examines the images of indigenous africa from the http://members.ozemail.com.au/~tribalbooks/afr1Page2.html

Africa page links Page 2 of 2 LUKLUK GALLERY index Koloss , Hans-Joachim. ART OF CENTRAL AFRICA . Masterpieces from the Berlin Museum fur Volkerkunde. BNo. 0-87099-590-1. First Edition, 1990 (pb). Pp: 87; 280mm x 215mm; 0.38kg. 18 col, 46 b/w, 6 fig, 1 map. Foreword, acknowledgments, introduction, bibliography, appendix. A very good paperback copy. Wrp: vg. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1990. (This book is a catalogue for an exhibition of art from Zaire and adjacent parts of Angola and the People's Republic of Congo.) (Keywords: Ethnology, artefacts, Azande, Bondo, Kongo, Suku, Chokwe, Lulua, Songye, Luba.). Book Code: AU index Leuzinger , Elsy. AFRICA . The Art of Negro People. BNo. n/a. First Edition, 1960. Pp: 247; 225mm x 175mm; 0.70kg. 63 col, 144 fig, 4 maps. Table of cultures, bibliography, glossary, index. A very good part the country, people, religion, sociology, material, technique and form are discussed. In Part II all the main style regions are covered. The author has selected some 64 examples of African art which are illustrated in full colour) (Keywords: Ethnology, sociology, Africa, Baule, Guro, Banum, Bakota

30. Llewellyn Journal - Conjur Craft: Hoodoo, Rootwork And Conjuring For The 21st Ce Kongo, suku, and Yaka people of Central africa create some magical and divination traditions of indigenous people around the world with a focus on africa. http://www.llewellynjournal.com/article/504

journal home article topics list of articles mission statement ... bookstore Book Search: Conjur Craft: Hoodoo, Rootwork and Conjuring for the 21st Century Date: By: Stephanie Rose Bird print send to a friend Hoodoo History Once upon a time, we were Africans, involved in a unique lexicon of beliefs, lore, stories, and customs designed to help integrate us into an environment filled with plants, animals, elements, and a complex array of spirits. With the advent of slavery, those who had stayed the longest severed the physical bond with the Motherland, but like seeds lifted from a flower by wind, we found fertile ground in distant lands. The freshly sown seeds took strongest hold in sunny climes reminiscent of our Motherland. Separated physically, we remained united as brothers and sisters in spirit. The various hybrids of traditional African-based religions continue to thrive in coastal Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba in the form of Candomble, Shango, Lucumi, Umbanda, and Santeria. In Louisiana and Haiti, our spirituality thrives in the form of Vodoun. In the southern United States, Hoodoo took root in Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Hoodoo was established during slavery using the types of plants available in the United States. Our knowledge of African herbalism was enhanced through the generosity of Native American tribes such as the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Chocktaw, and Seminole who understood our suffering intimately. Many Black Indians were the result of this interchange. The proof to this is within our recipes, appearance, and of course within Hoodoo.

31. Ethnographic Arts Publications: ASIA Gatan, M. IBANAG indigenous RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. Kennedy, R. ISLANDS AND peoples OF THE INDIES. Kumanireng, P. CERITA RAKYAT suku DEMONG PAGONG. http://www.tribalartbooks.com/cgi-bin/tab455/scan/mp=keywords/se=ASIA/st=sql/ml=

216 matches found for ASIA ABHANDLUNGEN UND BERICHTE DES STAATLICHEN MUSEUMS FUR VOLKERKUNDE DRESDEN. Band 34, 1975. ARSTRYCK 1957-1958 BEAUTY, WEALTH, AND POWER. Jewels and Ornaments of Asia. BEELDENDE KUNST DER BATAKS. ... TRENGGANU EEN VISSERBESTOAN IN MALEISIE. Agthe, J. ARME DURCH REICHTUM SUMATRA. Eine Insel am Aquator. Arensberg, S.m. JAVANESE BATIKS. Arndt, P.p. SOZIALE VERHALTNISSE AUF OST-FLORES, ADONARE UND SOLOR Bahnson, K. ETNOGRAFIEN (2 volumes). Barbier, J-P. INDONESIE ET MELANESIE. Barbier, J-p. (ed.) . MESSAGES DE PIERRE. Statues et Sculptures de l'Indonesie Primitive dans les Collection du Musee Barbier-Mueller. Barbier, J., D. Newton (eds.). ISLANDS AND ANCESTORS. Indigenous Styles of Southeast Asia. Barnard, N. LIVING WITH DECORATIVE TEXTILES. Tribal Art from Africa, Asia and the Americas. Barnes, R. THE IKAT TEXTILES OF LAMALERA. A STUDY OF AN EASTERN INDONESIAN WEAVING TRADITION Barton, R. THE HALF-WAY SUN. Basu, P.c. HEAD-DRESS OF THE HILL TRIBES OF ASSAM Bateson, G., M. Mead. BALINESE CHARACTER. A Photographic Analysis Beguin, G. ART ESOTERIQUE DE L'HIMALAYA. Catalogue De La Donation Lionel Fournier.

32. Ethnographic Arts Publications: INDONESIA indigenous Styles of Southeast Asia. Kennedy, R. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF INDONESIAN peoples AND CULTURES. Kumanireng, P. CERITA RAKYAT suku DEMONG PAGONG. http://www.tribalartbooks.com/cgi-bin/tab455/scan/mp=keywords/se=INDONESIA/st=sq

136 matches found for INDONESIA ARSTRYCK 1957-1958 ASPECTS OF INDONESIAN CULTURE, JAVA-SUMATRA. BIJDRAGEN TOT DE TAAL-LAND-EN VOLKENKUNDE. Uitgegeven Vanwege Het Koninklijk Institut voor De Taal-Land-En Volkenkunde van Neder BOROBUDUR. Kunst en Religie oude Java. ... THOMAS MURRAY: Asiatica. Ethnographica. Agthe, J. ARME DURCH REICHTUM SUMATRA. Eine Insel am Aquator. Ave, J.b., V.t. King. BORNEO: The People of the Weeping Forest. Tradition and Change in Borneo. Bangs, R., C. Kallen. ISLANDS OF FIRE, ISLANDS OF SPICE. Exploring the Wild Places of Indonesia. Barbier, J. P. SYMBOLIQUE ET MOTIFS DU SUD DE NIAS Barbier, J., D. Newton (eds.). ISLANDS AND ANCESTORS. Indigenous Styles of Southeast Asia. Barbier, J.p. TOBALAND. The Threads of Tradition. Barnes, R. THE IKAT TEXTILES OF LAMALERA. A STUDY OF AN EASTERN INDONESIAN WEAVING TRADITION Bateson, G., M. Mead. BALINESE CHARACTER. A Photographic Analysis Bodrogi, T. ART OF INDONESIA. Bottger, W. FUHRER DURCH DIE OSTASIATISCHEN SAMMLUNGEN. Claerhout, A.g. TEXTILES EXOTIQUES. Colquhoun, A.r. THE MASTERY OF THE PACIFIC.

33. Account HELP Site Map of the mental processes, as well as indigenous economics and Kopytoff, Family and Lineage among the suku of the It considers the nature of its peoples in their http://www.unifacmanu.com.tw/Unif-PrdList.asp?CatID=SA15

34. Search For Books: S sculpture, yaka Art of the Yaka and suku. Elements of Change in a Ghanaian indigenous Knowledge System. Material Culture Black Kingdoms, Black peoples The West http://bookstore.africanartbooks.us/search_s.htm

Searches 'S': saar, alison Body Politics: The Female Image in Luba Art and the Sculpture of Alison Saar saar, betye Betye Saar sacred space The Image of the Ordered World in Ancient Nubian Art: The Construction of the Kushite Mind, 800 Bc-300 Ad sahel The Grazing Land Ecosystems of the African Sahel saint helena island (s.c.) Local Heroes: Paintings and Sculpture by Sam Doyle saint lucia sale adult - architecture Great Works of African Art Harlem Renaissance: Art of Black America African Art African Hats and Jewelry sale adult - pop arts Afropop: An Illustrated Guide to Contemporary African Music sale books The Art of African Textiles Great Works of African Art African Art: Sculpture Harlem Renaissance: Art of Black America African Hats and Jewelry ... James Van Derzee: The Picture-Takin' Man sale books - adult African Art: Sculpture African Textiles/Library of Style and Design sally hemings, an american sca Sally Hemings: An American Scandal: The Struggle to Tell the Controversial True Story Sally Hemings: An American Scandal: The Struggle to Tell the Controversial True Story samba, cheri, Cheri Samba: The Hybridity of Art san (african people) The stone age in Rhodesia Reality and non-reality in San rock art : twenty-fifth Raymond Dart lecture delivered 6 October 1987 The Bushman art of Southern Africa The Drakensberg Bushmen and their art : with a guide to the rock painting sites People of the Eland : rock paintings of the Drakensberg Bushmen as a reflection of their life and thought ... Art rupestre des Sans : Université de Pretoria, Exposition Woodhouse

35. Jurnal ANTROPOLOGI INDONESIA Languages and Cultures of Asia and africa. bidang manajemen kehutanan dan indigenous people dengan pendekatan organisasiorganisasi tradisional suku bangsa Bali http://www.jai.or.id/authors.htm

The Authors Achmad Fedyani Saifuddin adalah staf pengajar Jurusan Antropologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia. Ia lulus Sarjana Antropologi dari UI (1982), MA dalam Antropologi (1985) dan Ph.D. dalam Antropologi (1992) dari University of Pittsburgh, Amerika Serikat. Ybs. pernah mengikuti pendidikan singkat mengenai Higher Education Curriculum Development di University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (1993). Hingga saat ini ia telah menerbitkan beberapa buku yang ditulisnya sendiri maupun terjemahan, di samping sejumlah artikel. Alexander Horstmann adalah dosen tamu di Research Institute for the Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. Ia adalah penulis buku Class, Culture and Space. The Construction and Shaping of Communal Space in South Thailand (2002) dan penyunting buku (bersama Guenther Schlee) Integration through Diversity: Local and Global Forms of Inter-Cultural Communication (2001). Penelitiannya difokuskan pada masalah antropologi sosial di perbatasan Thailand dan Asia Tenggara, juga masalah politik identitas di Thailand Selatan.

36. PreventConflict.org - Regions Dulu Pemekaran Papua dengan Kepala suku dan Gereja 25 Jan 2002 Out of africa - Colonial roots Technology Adoption Behaviour of the indigenous People of Irian http://www.preventconflict.org/portal/main/maps_wpapua_resources.php

more about search Friday, 11 Jun 2004 Regions Indonesia Regions Java Kalimantan Maluku ... Sumatra West Papua/Irian Jaya Overview Background The Conflict Actors ... Nusa Tenggara West Papua/Irian Jaya Executive Summary West Papua, also known as Irian Jaya, is Indonesia’s most easterly province, comprising the western half of the world’s second largest island. Home to one of the world’s principal copper and gold mining operations, West Papua/Irian Jaya is the nation’s least developed region, with a majority of the population occupied with agriculture, fishing and hunting. West Papua/Irian Jaya is also one of the primary locations for Indonesia’s program on transmigration, the voluntary relocation of Indonesians from overcrowded cities to the peripheral regions of the archipelago. West Papua/Irian Jaya is home to a secessionist movement that has been in the making for 40 years. The province left Dutch rule in 1962, was briefly under UN authority, and in 1963 joined the Indonesian state. Many indigenous inhabitants, however, believed that the province achieved independence on December 1, 1961 when Dutch rulers agreed to allow self-rule. Despite a heavy military presence that has lasted since the annexation in 1963, West Papua/Irian Jaya has experienced limited, although severe, outbursts of violence. The Free Papua Movement (OPM), a low-level guerilla movement, has been fighting for independence since 1961. Troubles between the military and the Papuan population escalated, however, after Suharto’s fall in 1998 and a new round of calls for independence was ignited.

37. Joint Statement Of Indonesia NGOs Forum plurality of religions and diversities of indigenous peoples,. against xenophobia and intolerance amongst the people;. akan etnisitas dan suku bangsa seringkali http://home.snafu.de/watchin/Discrimination.htm

Joint Statement of Indonesia NGOs Forum, 16.02.2001 ERASE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, XENOPHOBIA, AND RELATED INTOLERANCE IN INDONESIA The history of racism coincides with the economic exploitation through slavery. It all began when the rulers felt the need of cheap and loyal labour. This slavery developed towards conquest of one country by another, conquered people would then become slave labours for the conquerors. In the 16th century slave commerce began to flourish. Those slaves were imported from Africa to England or America. The slave-traders spread the notion that the slaves were from an inferior class and deserved their fate. Although the slave trade has been declared illegal, the exploitation persists. So, come around a new racialist practice, with the advent of imperialism. This racialist did not just hover around old issues but gave forth other racialist policies such as Nazism, developed by Hitler in Germany, and the advent of a special form of imperialism in South Africa, the Apartheid. In Indonesia, racism began its development in the 16th century with the introduction of European colonialism. Indonesians, at the time totally alien from such racial differentiation, were transformed totally by policies and racial system introduced by European colonialists. To preserve their privileged position, they invented a devide-et-impera system by granting special right towards certain groups, in this case especially Tionghoa.

38. CONCERNED INDIVIDUALS WRITE PRESIDENT CLINTON ABOUT THE NIGER DELTA and Ireland Bayelsa Center USA Bonny indigenous Group (BIG Ijaw National Congress USA Ijaw peoples Association of Hari P. Acharya, USA Harry suku Helena Motlagh http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/carticles/concerned_individuals_write_pres.htm

CONCERNED INDIVIDUALS WRITE PRESIDENT CLINTON ABOUT THE NIGER DELTA President William Jefferson Clinton The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20500 Dear President Clinton: YOUR VISIT AND REPRESSION IN NIGERIA In August 2000 you will be visiting Nigeria, one of the most economically and strategically important countries in Africa. Nigeria exports fifty percent of the oil extracted from the Niger Delta to the United States of America, amounting to one-twelfth of the US oil consumption. No doubt the two countries are important to each other, and you intend to raise issues of trade and debt relief with the Nigerian government. We were informed that your administration intends to use this visit to seal an agreement of military cooperation between the United States and Nigeria. We are however concerned and would like to alert you that a major thrust of this agreement will be the training of the Nigerian military for operations in the Niger Delta. These operations intended to violently suppress the stout resolve of the people to control their God-given natural resources. We are further concerned that there are no guarantees that US military aid will not inadvertently be used to fuel the already volatile situation in the Niger Delta. We would like to believe that the policy of the US government in Nigeria is not one of ensuring the unhindered flow of oil to the US at any cost to the local population. We appeal to you to use the opportunity of your visit to Nigeria to condemn the activities of the Nigerian armed forces in the Niger Delta; in particular the destruction of Odi community in Bayelsa State. Your silence on this issue will only be sending a dangerous signal approving the Gestapo policies of General Obasanjo's government in the Niger-Delta. As you wine and dine with your host General Obasanjo, he continues to supervise the murderous activities of Nigerian security forces in the Niger-Delta. This is intended to subdue the peaceful demands of the people for a better environment and self-determination.

39. Conflict And Violence: A Working Bibliography With Special Reference To Indonesi 1992. War in the Tribal Zone Expanding States and indigenous Warfare. The peoples of Borneo. 2001. Negara Etnik Beberapa Gagasan Pemberdayaan suku Dayak. http://www.communalconflict.com/ref/conflict.htm

Pusat Penelitian Kemasyarakatan dan Kebudayaan (PMB-LIPI) Social Sciences for the Study of Conflict in Indonesia Laboratoire Asie du Sud-Est et Monde Insulindien (LASEMA-CNRS) Home Purpose of this website Kalimantan Aceh ... Contact us Conflict and Violence: A Working Bibliography with Special Reference to Indonesia SEE ALSO: Books (partial list of 260 titles) on conflict, conflict resolution, terrorism, democratization, and related subjects a gift of the French Embassy in Jakarta to the LIPI main library. Acciaioli, Greg. 2001. Grounds of Conflict, Idioms of Harmony: Custom, Religion and Nationalism in Violence Avoidance at the Lindu Plain, Central Sulawesi. Indonesia (October). Aditjondro, George. 2000. Ninjas, Nanggalas, Monuments, and Mossad Manuals: An Anthropology of Indonesian State Terror in East Timor. In Jeffrey A. Sluka, ed. Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror. Pp. 1-32. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Aditjondro, George. 2001. Suharto's Colonial Adventure. Arena Magazine.

40. Rencana Selebaran Untuk dengan nasib petani, buruh, indigenous people di kawasan mendapat perhatian dalam rangka africa Asia beyond memberi tempat berkembangnya budaya suku dan bangsa http://daga.dhs.org/ybks/indonesia/refleksi/r2/r23.htm

SPIRIT ASIA-AFRIKA MELAMPAUI GLOBALISASI (SPIRIT KONFERENSI ASIA AFRIKA DAN SPIRITUALITAS MASA DEPAN BERSAMA) Yosef P. Widyatmadja "Perjuangan dan pengorbanan yang telah kami lakukan demi pembebasan rakyat kami dari belenggu kolonialisme telah berlangsung dari generasi ke generasi selama berabad abad. Tetapi perjuangan itu masih belum selesai. Bagaimana perjuangan itu bisa dikatakan selesai jika jutaaan manusia di Asia maupun Afrika masih berada di bawah dominasi kolonial, masih belum bisa menikmati kemerdekaan?" ( Presiden Sukarno di depan konggres Amerika Serikat pada tanggal 17 Mei 1956) Masih adakah pemimpin dunia yang menyuarakan semangat solidaritas di antara sesama bangsa di benua Afr ika dan Asia dalam era globalisasi? Suara yang diucapkan oleh Soekarno merupakan pencerminan dari spirit dan solidaritas Asia Afrika. Spirit yang berdasarkan solidaritas dan perdamaian untuk bangsa-bangsa yang belum menikmati kemerdekaan sejati. Spirit ini adalah spirit anti kekerasan untuk melawan segala bentuk kekerasan yang menindas harkat dan kemerdekaan manusia Mengenal makna spirit dan Sp iritualitas Afrika-Asia.

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