81. Africa Directory: Sudan Africa Directory sudan, including news and media, society and culture, health, travel and tourism, education, maps and views, recreation and sports, government, science and environment, arts and http://africa.us/directory/Top/Regional/Africa/Sudan/25778

Africa Directory Africa.us Sudan Homes Top Regional Africa Sudan CATEGORIES Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education Government ... Travel and Tourism LINKS Sudanese Online http://www.sudaneseonline.com Directory with comprehensive links to websites for Sudan. CIA Factbook - Sudan http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/su.html Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. Sudan - A Country Study http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/sdtoc.html Country profile, history, geography, economy, politics. FOC Country Profile - Sudan Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. BBC Country Profile - Sudan http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/820864.stm Key facts, figures and dates, media links. Sudani.com http://www.sudani.com/ A comprehensive Sudanese directory, with categorized links to Sudanese sites, news, books, and resources. AboutSudan.com http://www.AboutSudan.com/ Directory of information and news items about Sudan. World: Espa±ol > Pa­ses > frica > Sud¡n Fran§ais > R©gional > Afrique > Soudan Deutsch > Regional > Afrika > Sudan More...

82. The Country & People Of Sudan For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries. HistoryNortheast sudan, called Nubia in ancient times, was http://www.hejleh.com/countries/sudan.html

Special Arab Files This page contains links to sites in Sudan and Sudan related sites. For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries Sudan, History Used by permission of Columbia University Press. About.... General information, cities, towns, municipalities, places, flag, maps, useful Information.... Business Economy, reports, statistics, banks, directories, jobs, investment, promotion.... Culture General resources, heritage, art, literature, photography, cinema, music, song, dance, cultural, scientific, Education Schools, colleges, academies, universities, polytechnics, institutions, research, resources, projects.... History Media Newspapers, magazines, news, newsletters, news agencies, radio, TV, internet, articles, reports, cartoons.... Organizations Government, ministries, overseas missions, embassies, corporations, organizations, industrial entities, centers, public hospitals, institutions, societies, foreign entities.... Travel travel tips, weather....

83. Kingdoms Of The Medieval Sudan logo, Welcome to Kingdoms of the Medieval sudan, an electronic exploration ofthe history of the African states of Songhay, KanemBornu, and Hausaland. http://webusers.xula.edu/jrotondo/Kingdoms/welcome.html

Welcome to "Kingdoms of the Medieval Sudan," an electronic exploration of the history of the African states of Songhay, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland. "Kingdoms" is a component of " Sacred and Secular in the African Americas ," an electronic project devoted to the African American humanities, and produced at Xavier University of Louisiana with the generous support of the Andrew Mellon Foundation. "Kingdoms of the Medieval Sudan" provides a narrative historical overview of Mali, Songhay, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland before the modern era, a hyperlinked glossary with pronunciation helps, and self-tests on the history of these regions.The text is also accompanied by the work of photographer Lucy Johnson. This site is intended only as an introduction to the history of Sudanic Africa, and does not aim to be comprehensive. It may be used in conjunction with introductory world history or African history courses, or independently. Suggestions for improvement are most welcome. Thanks for your interest in this site!

84. Songhay Songhay, the major empire of the Western sudan by the midfifteenth century AD asa result of outside forces and development in world history far beyond the http://webusers.xula.edu/jrotondo/Kingdoms/Songhay/SongHistNarr.html

Songhay: Introduction Introduction Welcome How to use this site Photo Gallery Enter the gallery Key Themes Trade Islam Regional Histories Mali Songhay Hausaland Kanem-Bornu Self Tests Using the tests TradeTest IslamTest MaliTest ... KanemTest Resources Bibliographies On the Web Credits Songhay, the major empire of the Western Sudan by the mid-fifteenth century A.D., presents a fascinating story of complex relationships between trade, Islam, and political ideologies. Originally a satellite state of Mali, this region of fisherfolk on the eastern Niger would take advantage of Malian decline to establish an independent state under the leadership of powerful askiyas . Songhay government reached a high point in the sixteenth century, and possessed an elaborate and effective administrative system. The end of Songhay, however, came quickly, as a result of outside forces and development in world history far beyond the control of any single state. Controversial Origins (ca. 1000-ca. 1450) Sunni Ali (1464-1492) Songhay under the askiyas ... Moroccan Hegemony? (1591-ca. 1650)

85. Harvard International Review: Love Thy Neighbor end of a long and bloody chapter of sudanese history. resolution of the conflict underregional supervision should shari’a laws throughout sudan in September http://hir.harvard.edu/articles/?id=1220

86. Sudan Studies Association - 2003 Program Sharkey (University of Pennsylvania) Americans in the sudan Reflections on MissionaryHistory in the 615 PM) Early Ethnogenesis and regional Contexts ICC http://www.sudanstudies.org/ssa03prog.html

What's New Constitution Board Members Membership ... Contact Ali B. Ali Dinar Web Page Editor  SSA Contact Information: Dr. Richard Lobban    SSA Executive Director    Dept. of Anthropology    Rhode Island College    Providence, RI 02908, USA    TEL : (401) 456-8784    FAX: (401) 461-0907   E-mail:   rlobban@ric.edu Conference Program "Crossing Borders: Sudan in Regional Contexts" 22nd Annual Meeting of Sudan Studies Association 3rd International Conference of SSA, and SSUK 31st July - August 2nd, 2003 Conference Program Conference Site Art Exhibit Hotel Accomodation ... Call for Papers Sterling with SSUK. Please arrange this by contacting: sudanssuk@aol.com

87. Sudan Studies Association, 22nd Meeting through the lens of cinematic imagination the idea of social, political and regionalintegration in sudan and its neighbors. Reading in sudan history of the http://www.sudanstudies.org/panel8a.html

Panel #8A: "Issues on Postcolonial Sudan" Functional Approaches to Sudan's Future: Reflections on David Mitrany's "A Working Peace System" Randall Fegley Pennsylvania State College Sixty years ago, David Mitrany published his classic essay, "A Working Peace System." In this important work on the reconstruction of international order, Mitrany stressed the importance of a functional approach to world peace. Writing with optimistic confidence amid the uncertainty of the middle of the Second World War, he believed that humanity could be best bound together by common services, rather than by grandiose schemes of world government. This paper explores the application of Mitrany's ideas to the current situation in Sudan, where conflict, abuse and poverty have left a society every bit as shattered as the world of 1943. In particular, the role of functional governmental and non-governmental organizations on national, cross-national, and international levels will be emphasized. Cinematic Regionalism: The Idea of Integration in Sudan Ahmed Mohamedain Abdalla and Mohamed-Hashim ELKAREEM University of Toronoto, Canada

88. SUDAN Online List sudan Online List ( Version One) Index. ProfilesPages. Resources. back to index Development-Aid. backto index Human Rights. back to index Culture-history -Arts. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/sd_online.html

S udan O nline L ist V ersion O ne Sudan Online List is a collection of sites related to Sudan on the Internet. It was compiled using different Internet research tools. Sudan Online List does not claim to be a comprehensive list about Sudan on the Internet. As the Internet is changing rapidly many sites and documents are to be searched and included. Compiling list of this kind requires a lot of time and effort. Searching Sudan by using the Internet search engines could be misleading and time consuming as they may point to any document that contain the name SUDAN . You have to wade through hundreds of insignificant doucments and sites to find the subject of your interest. I spent a lot of time looking up sites to find out they are sites for a software named Soudan, homepages for some guys from Turkey with the last name Sudan, gifs for family's vacation in the red sea.. etc.!! I tried , in this list, to regroup sites or documents of relatively similar nature under certain categories defined by topic. By this I hope surfing the Internet for Sudan-related sites would be a lot easier and cost you less time online Sudan Online List is a list under construction. It would be updated and maintained regulary. As many other sites are yet to be added, the current enteries will be modified to further improve seaching.

89. Travel To Sudan History - Detailed Travel Information And More About Sudan Histo Australian Carriers Airnorth Ansett Norfolk Jet Qantas Airways Ltd RegionalExpress Virgin Blue Virgin Blue Airline. sudan sudan history. http://www.traveling-cheap.com/directory/Sudan/sudan_history

Check-In: January February March April May June July August September October November December Check out: January February March April May June July August September October November December City: Flights Hotels Cars Vacation Packages ... Maps Airline Specials US Carriers Air Grand Canyon Air Sunshine Air Wisconsin Airlines Alaska Airlines ... World Airways Canadian Carriers Air Canada Air Inuit Canadian North Central Mountain Air ... West Jet French Carriers Air France German Carriers Deutsche Lufthansa AG British Carriers British Airways KLM UK Ltd ... Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd Australian Carriers Airnorth Ansett Norfolk Jet Qantas Airways Ltd ... Virgin Blue Airline Japanese Carriers All Nipon Airways JL Japan Airlines Malasian Carriers Malaysia Airlines Singaporian Carriers Singapore Airlines Indian Carriers Air-India Ltd Indian Airlines Jet Airways Ltd Sahara Airlines Ltd Irish Carriers RyanAir Sudan > sudan history The Best sudan history Sites We've Found Click here for sudan history Travel Deals It's easy to find the best hotels, airfare, rental cars and more. Our powerful new search engine returns vacation deals directly to you. http://www.cheapairlines.com

90. SIG - Sudan Country Profile history. The sudanese conflict predates the birth of modern sudan in 1956. The SouthernRegional government created by the Addis Ababa Agreement consisted of a http://www.unsudanig.org/Country/

Home :: Country profile Home Site map Contact us Guest book ... Map Centre Situation reports and updates on emergencies and crises in Sudan. download Acrobat Reader History Administrative Structure Peace Negotiations ... Political Parties History In 1989 a coup brought into power a military regime led by Lt. General Umar Hassan Ahmed al-Beshir which was dominated by the National Islamic Front led by Hassan al Turabi, Speaker of the 400 seat National Assembly. Following the 1989 coup the war against the SPLA intensified. Internationally sponsored attempts to negotiate a peace settlement between the two sides, such as the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) sponsored negotiations made little progress until June 2002, although the Government, and the SPLM/A agreed in 1997 on a Declaration of Principles (DoP). The DoP held that the unity of the Sudan should be given priority, provided that the social and political system was secular and democratic and that resources be equitably shared. In the absence of these principles, the South would have the right to self-determination through a referendum Office of the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for the Sudan

91. Met Timeline | Western And Central Sudan, 1400-1600 A.D. 15th–17th century Muslim Dyula merchants establish trade posts throughout thecentral sudan that link 15th–16th century Oral history suggests that http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/08/sfw/ht08sfw.htm

Encompasses present-day Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Niger, and eastern Chad See also Central Africa Guinea Coast and Eastern and Southern Africa The role of commercial and intellectual exchange with Islamic and Portuguese traders expands during this period. The rise of the prosperous Songhai empire results in the growth of Islamic learning in centers like Timbuktu. Some of the oldest surviving wood sculpture from sub-Saharan Africa ensues from the establishment of the artistically rich agrarian Dogon peoples in the Bandiaga Escarpment area. Muslim Dyula merchants establish trade posts throughout the central Sudan that link gold fields controlled by the Akan peoples in what is presently northern Ghana to trans-Saharan trade . The exchange of gold for cloth and metal wares enriches nascent Akan kingdoms such as Denkyira, Akani, and Akwamu, and introduces a system of cast brass weights based on North African prototypes that becomes an important medium of Akan artistic expression. Oral history suggests that the Dogon peoples migrated from the southwest into the Bandiagara region of what is now Mali. Linguistic evidence indicates that Dogon society came to embrace the migrants and autochthonous peoples from the territories they settled. Seeking protection from marauding

92. The Network: TUFH | SNO history of SNO. in the next Network symposium by communicating with either the regionalSNO or SNOsudan One of the major targets of SNO-sudan is the Student http://www.network.unimaas.nl/SNO/history_sno.htm

History of SNO When was the SNO established Definition, objectives and expectations of SNO, August 1993, Sherbrooke, Canada Development and activities of SNO until January 1995 Student Network Organisation Meeting, September 1999 WHEN WAS THE SNO (STUDENT NETWORK ORGANISATION) ESTABLISHED? SNO was set up in 1993 by students from all over the world. It all happened during a conference in Malaysia, organised by the Network of Community-Oriented Education Institutions for the Health Sciences. Some definitions were adopted during the first general meeting of SNO, in August 1993, Sherbrooke Canada: Criteria for membership Every faculty affiliated with the Network and all students who are interested. Institutions whose students participate at Network activities, but who are non-Network members. Organisational structure Six voting members, representing the 6 continents, elected every 2 years. The chairman, chosen by a general election, has only a tie-breaking vote. The secretary, coming from the same country as where the Network secretariat is settled.

93. AllRefer Reference - Sudan - The Southern Problem | Sudanese Information Resourc stop the fighting and stabilize the region by granting regional selfgovernment and federalpresident s command only in response to an external threat to sudan. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/sudan/sudan34.html

You are here allRefer Reference Sudan History ... Sudan Sudan The Southern Problem The origins of the civil war in the south date back to the 1950s. On August 18, 1955, the Equatoria Corps, a military unit composed of southerners, mutinied at Torit. Rather than surrender to Sudanese government authorities, many mutineers disappeared into hiding with their weapons, marking the beginning of the first war in southern Sudan. By the late 1960s, the war had resulted in the deaths of about 500,000 people. Several hundred thousand more southerners hid in the forests or escaped to refugee camps in neighboring countries. By 1969 the rebels had developed foreign contacts to obtain weapons and supplies. Israel, for example, trained Anya Nya recruits and shipped weapons via Ethiopia and Uganda to the rebels. Anya Nya also purchased arms from Congolese rebels and international arms dealers with monies collected in the south and from among southern Sudanese exile communities in the Middle East, Western Europe, and North America. The rebels also captured arms, equipment, and supplies from government troops. Militarily, Anya Nya controlled much of the southern countryside while government forces occupied the region's major towns. The guerrillas operated at will from remote camps. However, rebel units were too small and scattered to be highly effective in any single area. Estimates of Anya Nya personnel strength ranged from 5,000 to 10,000.

94. Search Results For Sudan - Encyclopædia Britannica , Kingdoms of the Medieval sudan Ancient history of this African country. Includesregional histories of Mali, Songhay, Hausaland, and KanemBornu states. http://www.britannica.com/search?query=sudan&fuzzy=N&ct=gen1&iq=20&start=21&show

95. Israel Forum - History Of The Sudan Re Re Re Re Re history of The sudan, (post government forces have occupied someregional trading centers them into the Islamic religion of northern sudan. http://www.israelforum.com/board/showthread.php3?pagenumber=3&threadid=2386

96. Encyclopedia: History Of Sudan 1972 after the signing of the Addis Ababa Accords granting southern sudan wide regionalautonomy on PM Holt and MW Daly, A history of the sudan (1961, 5th ed http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/History-of-Sudan

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #40 Women are flooding into the workforce in many Muslim countries. Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: May 27, 2004 Encyclopedia : History of Sudan Sponsored links: Early history In the 7th century Sudan was a collection of small, independent kingdoms and principalities. The oldest of these were Nubia south of the First Cataract of the Nile , the Makoritae at Old Dongola, and the kingdom of the Alodaei around Soba on the Blue Nile . The Makoritae and Nubians later merged to form the kingdom of al-Muqurra. Islam came to Egypt in the , and pressed southward; around 651 the governor of Egypt raided as far south as Dongola, but appears to have had little effect. The area between the Nile and the

97. IslamOnline - Views Section Throughout history, there are defining moments that signify the beginning of an alandmark transformation in both domestic Sudanese and regional politics. http://islamonline.net/English/Views/2002/08/article10.shtml

Home About Us Media Kit Contact Us ... Your Mail Search Advanced Search News People Against Prisoner Abuse The World in Pictures ... Muslim Heritage Discover Islam Introducing Islam Ask about Islam Contemporary Issues My Journey to Islam ... Qur'an Fatwa Fatwa Bank Ask the Scholar Live Fatwa Counseling Cyber Counselor Directories Site Directory Islamic Society Islamic Banks TV Channels ... Telephone Code Services Prayer Times Matrimonial Date Converter Calendar ... E-Cards Newsletter Enter your E-mail The Strategic Dilemmas of Sudan’s Peace Deal Kareem Mahmoud Kamel Researcher – International Relations Map of southern Sudan, reproduced from the National Democratic Alliance Throughout history, there are defining moments that signify the beginning of an era and the end of a previous one. Wars, revolutions, technological breakthroughs and uneven growth rates between different societies were usually thought of as harbingers of transformation and change in world politics. However, peace agreements are another source of change. The peace agreement between the Sudanese government and the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), signed on July 20th in Machakos, Kenya, following five weeks of marathon talks, resembles a landmark transformation in both domestic Sudanese and regional politics. The agreement, which was brokered by the Horn of Africa’s Inter-governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), with the active involvement of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway, signifies an end to the 19 year-old civil war between the northern government and rebels in the south which left more than 2 million people dead and another 4 million homeless.

98. Sudan Country Genealogy And Regional Resources - Planet Genealogy researchers. Search millions of online records, including census records,all from one page. sudan Country Genealogy and regional Resources. http://www.genealogytoday.com/genealogy/planet.mv?Location=Sudan&level=Country&g

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