61. The Cultural Imperative For St. Lucia Part I & II The Cultural Imperative for st. lucia Part I. lucia during the enslavement period,then an understanding of African culture is integral to any discussion on st. http://husky1.stmarys.ca/~hmillar/culimper.htm

The Cultural Imperative for St. Lucia Part I Before delving into this week’s article, I would like to take the time to thank all of you who have given me both positive and constructive feedback on the column. I especially want to thank my friend Renee, who have prodded me on from the very first article. Many times, I have said to myself, . No sooner I have made the decision to stop, I am reminded of my communal responsibility. So thanks again for your support. I would like to begin by first offering a definition of culture. Culture can be defined as the sum total of the way of life of a people, with that way of life reflecting their world-view and their collective emotional tone or ethos . World-view relates to how a people make sense of the environment with which they interact and of their experiences within that environment. It allows them to discern what is of value and what is not. Ethos relates to emotional and behavioral patterns in response to stimuli within one’s world. Culture is influenced by one’s historical experiences, and culture in turn, influences the creation of new history. So history and culture are in fact inseparable. Additionally, culture includes the symbols, motifs, institutions, ideologies, values, beliefs, and the traditions and rituals of a people. It is worth noting that every individual participates in a cultural system, whether at the conscious level or not. The ultimate question is, what is this cultural system? The cultural imperative for St. Lucia is to attempt to answer that question. What is the cultural system that informs the world-view and emotional tone of St. Lucians? It is by answering the question of culture that we may develop a more profound understanding of how St. Lucians participate in and interact with their social, religious, political, and economic systems. I was at a Catholic Baptism some two weeks ago. The ritual was quite sedate, with no reference to our ancestors, the spirit world, or the role of new birth in the cycle of African life. Music or celebrations, was clearly not central to the ritual, and color was absent. It would appear, that I was not the only one in the room who could not find grounding in this ritual. It dawned on me that this Euro-stylized ritual was totally alien to our ethos.

62. 13th Regional Cultural Committee Meeting Convenes In St. Lucia st. lucia’s Minister for culture Honourable Menissa Rambally encouraged delegatesto ensure that island states continue to promote a strong, meaningful and http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/pr2002/13th_regional_cultural_committee_meeting_conven

Feedback Contact Us 13th Regional Cultural Committee Meeting Convenes in St. Lucia Governor General Prime Minister The Cabinet The Senate ... Contact: John Emmanuel Tuesday, May 14, 2002 - Directors of Culture of CARICOM States have begun meeting to discuss various policies and programmes affecting the growth and development of culture in the Caribbean. The two-day meeting that ends here today May 15, 2002 is also receiving reports from cultural based organizations such as CARIFORUM and UNESCO. Of special significance to the annual Regional Cultural Committee (RCC) meeting now into its 13th year, are issues of cultural industry and diversity, cultural relations with neighbouring Cuba and participation in international cultural programmes. Delegates are also seeking to strike a balance by means of improving administration and efficiency in handling matters relating to culture, while at the same time reducing the levels of bureaucratic red tape. Executive Director of the Cultural Development Foundation (CDF) Teddy Francis said, “we need to balance and find that happy medium in trying to perfect our national festivals by ensuring that we have our best Carnival and Corp Over, but while doing that we need to avoid at any point being insular and ensuring that it remains healthy competition and not trying to go to the extremes of nationalism.” The forging of the Caribbean nest Mr Francis said must be central to our themes though we try through our national festival to engender that national pride. “We speak so often now of cultural industry and making culture and cultural works a viable economic product. However we too must not go to far even in this area avoiding the danger of making it too commercialised and loosing our authenticity,” he exclaimed.

63. EASTERN CARIBBEAN - Useful Address Permanent Mission of st. Ministry of Community Development, culture, Local Governmentand Cooperatives Government Building Conway, Castries, Saint lucia, WI Tel http://www.caribisles.org/caribbean/add-07.htm

Investment Contact National Development Corporation P O Box 495 Castries, Saint Lucia, WI Tel: 758 452 3614 Fax: 758 452 1841 Email: Devcorp@candw.lc In the USA St Lucia National Development Corporation 820 Second Avenue New York, NY 10017, USA TEL: 212 867 2952 FAX: 212 370 7867 Email: stluciandc@aol.com Website: http://www.stluciandc.com Eastern Caribbean Investment Promotion Service 3216 New Mexico Ave., NW Washington, D. C. 20016, USA Phone: 202 363 0229 Fax: 202 363 4328 Email: ecipsdc1@aol.com Export / Import Contacts Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Consumer Affairs Government Building Castries, Saint Lucia, WI Tel: 758 452 2627 Fax: 758 453 7347 St Lucia Marketing Board P O Box 441 Conway, Castries, Saint Lucia, WI

64. Culture Heritage Tours - St. Lucia :: St. Lucia st. lucia Attractions Menu. culture Heritage Tours st. lucia. culture HeritageTours - st. lucia Type of Attraction Historic Site Summary Explore st. http://www.caribbeanmag.com/search/attractions/St_Lucia/Culture_Heritage_Tours_S

Caribbean Magazine - Caribbean Travel Guide, Search Engine and Vacation Planner Find All Inclusives, Villas, Hotels, Resorts, Condos, Reviews and Scuba Diving Info... Add Your Link Webmaster Login About Us Advertising ... Home Site Search Match Any Keywords Match EXACT Keywords Home Caribbean Message Boards Register My Profile ... Caribbean Reservations Take our Caribbean Travel Survey! Island Attractions Island Finder Select an Island Home Anguilla Antigua Aruba Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Bay Islands Belize Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Is. Cayman Islands Cuba Curacao Dominica Dominican Rep. Guadeloupe Grenada Haiti Jamaica Martinique Mexico Montserrat Puerto Rico Saba St. Eustatius St. Barts St. Nevis St. Kitts St. Martin St. Vincent St. Lucia St. Maarten U.S. Virgin Islands Top Searches Caribbean Hotels Caribbean Resorts Caribbean Condos Caribbean Villas ... Snorkeling Member Services Login Login to CaribbeanMag Register Create your account Travel Profile Create your travel profile Caribbean Newsletter Stay in touch and recieve special travel offers. Caribbean Message Boards Post questions, travel reviews and trip reports.

65. Untitled Document At the same time that the Europeans were bringing their own cultures to st. lucia,African culture was becoming established through the arrival of slaves for http://core.ecu.edu/engl/deenas/international/St Lucia.htm

St. Lucia (1987) History St. Lucia was colonised for the very first time around 500 BC by the Ciboneys - an Amerindian people orginating in Venezuela. They were followed by Arawak Indians around 200 AD, and later again, around 900 AD, by the Caribs. Today, very little remains of the culture of these original inhabitants in St. Lucia, bar some knowledge regarding boat building, weaving and pottery, and some linguistic remains. From 1605 onwards, French, British and Dutch seafarers began colonising St. Lucia. By 1680, the Caribs had had to yield control over the island.. Soon, French, British and Irish colonisers felt compelled to bring in enslaved workers from the West-African coast to perform the arduous tasks associated with tropical agriculture, particularly sugar cultivation. Since 1804, St. Lucia had permanently been under British rule, after several changes in ownership between France and Britain during the 17th and 18th centuries. Culturally, however, St. Lucia continues to demonstrate strong French influences - as is highlighted by its predominantly French-based Creole (also informally known as 'patois'). Effects of Colonial Rule After Emancipation, in 1838, St. Lucians remained in many ways subservient to the demands and needs of the capitalist world system. A small white elite of planters and merchants maintained control over a large black workforce, with a small but expanding coloured middle-class mediating between the two. Wages were very low until well into the 20th century, and alternative ways of making a living remained limited to fishing, charcoal-making, wood cutting, shopkeeping or emigration (both seasonal and permanent). In the late 19th century, contract labourers from India were imported to work on the sugar estates, and this 'East-Indian' heritage has since complemented the African and European ethnic make-up of St. Lucian culture and society.

66. ARC Atlantic Rally For Cruisers - English Info st lucia s culture is a unique mix of French, English and African influences, theFrench influence marked in the local patois and many of the place names. http://www.worldcruising.com/arc/english.htm

introduction key details weather itinerary ... Supporters INTRODUCTION: This annual transatlantic rally starting each November in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, has now become the most popular way to cross the Atlantic. The largest transocean sailing event in the world, every year the ARC brings together over 150 yachts from all over the world. The Caribbean destination is Rodney Bay in St.Lucia, one of the most beautiful islands in the Lesser Antilles. The 2700 nautical mile passage on the NE tradewind route takes on average between 12 and 24 days. The ARC is open to cruising monohulls from 27ft (8.23m) LOA and cruising catamarrans from 25ft to 60ft (7.62 - 18.29m) LOA, with a minimum crew of two. The World Cruising handicap is used to calculate results in the cruising classes, in which motoring is permitted. A racing class, rated under the IRC System , is run for those wanting more a competitive crossing, under the auspices of the Royal Ocean Racing Club. Yachts in this class may be sponsored. Motor yachts can also participate in the ARC in a separate division. Conceived as a friendly race for cruising yachts to make the Atlantic crossing both safer and more enjoyable, participating yachts must carry a range of safety equipment including a liferaft, EPIRB and VHF radio. Daily radio nets contribute further to the safety of participants. The presence of experienced sailors is another incentive for those with little offshore experience.

67. BritishExpats Forum - St.Lucian Offering Advice On St.Lucia lucia? I live and work in st. lucia, and know the island quite well. It s reallya beautiful place with an amazing natural landscape, rich culture and history http://britishexpats.com/forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=226290

68. Queer Theory Subjects Index: S st. Louis Travel and culture. st. Louis Political Orgs. st. lucia Traveland culture. st. lucia Human Rights. st. lucia Political Orgs. st. http://www.queertheory.com/queer_subjects_index_s.htm

Site Index Names Index Subjects Index Authors Index ... Find A Subject Subjects Index: S Add a Subject Subjects Index Title Star Director Studio Author Keyword SKU Subjects Index: A B C D ... Science Fiction Scientology Scotland Travel and Culture Scotland Human Rights Scotland Political Orgs. Scouts ... Seoul Political Organizations Separatism Serbia Human Rights Seventh-Day Adventists Sex Sex Wars, Lesbian Sexuality Seychelles Travel and Culture Seychelles Human Rights Seychelles - Political Orgs. ... Singapore Political Orgs. SIR Slogans Slovak Republic Travel/Culture Slovak Republic Human Rgts. Slovak Republic Political Orgs Slovenia Travel and Culture ... S/M Society for Individual Rights Sociobiology Sociology Sodomy Sofia Travel and Culture Sofia Political Organizations Solomon Islands Human Rts.

69. The Culture Of Saint Lucia. Tourist And Travel Information st lucia has a mix of English, French, African and Caribbean cultural influences.The culture of Saint lucia. Travel to Saint lucia with Solar tours travel. http://www.destinationplanner.com/north_america/saint_lucia/culture_st_lucia.htm

The culture of Saint Lucia Travel to Saint Lucia with St Lucia has a mix of English, French, African and Caribbean cultural influences. For instance, if you walk into the Catholic cathedral in the capital, Castries, you'll find a building of French design, an interior richly painted in bright African-inspired colors, portraits of a black Madonna and child, and church services delivered in English. Derek Walcott, the renowned Caribbean poet and playwright and winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize for Literature, is a native of St Lucia. Walcott, who teaches overseas, still maintains his connections with the island and is spearheading a movement to renovate the buildings on Rat Island, a former quarantine station off Choc Beach. There are plans to turn the buildings into a retreat for writers and artists. Another Nobel laureate with island connections is former Princeton University professor Sir Arthur Lewis (1915-91), who was born in Castries but educated in England. He developed what became known as the 'Lewis Model,' which explores the transition developing countries experience as they move from an agrarian to an industrial economy. Lewis received the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1979. Foreign filmmakers have been captivated by St Lucia's scenic landscape, which makes a guest appearance in movies such as

70. DumaZulu Traditional Village Zululand Accommodation Hluhluwe / st lucia Wetlands, DUMAZULU TRADITIONAL VILLAGEand Lodge, KwaZulu Natal South Africa The Zulu culture Experience. http://www.wheretostay.co.za/kzn/zm/05/dumazulu/default.htm

DUMAZULU TRADITIONAL VILLAGE has moved within this site IN A MOMENT YOU WILL BE TRANSFERRED TO DumaZulu Traditional Village Should your browser not support redirect please follow the above link Home Accommodation Information Get Listed ... Links

71. St. Lucia In sum, we hope to develop a better understanding of the native peoples of st.lucia as well as their place in the broader Caribbean culture history. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/anthro/caribarch/slucia.htm

ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF SAINT LUCIA, WEST INDIES 4-28-2002 to 5-19-2002 REPORT OF THE FLMNH/LEIDEN EXPEDITION Project Directors: W.F.Keegan (FLMNH), C.L. Hofman and M.L.P. Hoogland (Leiden University) Volunteers: Ben Castricone, Patti Yamane, Bob Gezon, Robert Hoffman, and Warren Stortroen Student Assistants: Maaike de Waal and Jochem Lesparre St. Lucia South Coast [ENLARGE] PREFACE: ARCHAEOLOGY OF ST. LUCIA The island of St. Lucia played a central role in the earliest systematic study of Caribbean prehistory. Through the efforts of the St. Lucia Archaeological and Historical Society (AHS) the Fourth International Congresses for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles was held at Reduit Beach in 1971 (AHS 1973). The AHS was one of the first heritage organizations in the islands, and has continued to serve the people of St. Lucia through its daughter organizations the St. Lucia National Trust and the St. Lucia National Archives. Despite its early role in stimulating archaeological research in the West Indies, very little formal archaeological work has been conducted in the past 25 years. Notable exceptions are the research undertaken by the University of Vienna in the 1980s (Friesinger 1984,1986) and current research by the University of Bristol at historical sites. However, prior to these, the last major field investigation was conducted by Marshall B. McKusick during his Ph.D. research in 1956 and 1957 (McKusick 1960); and the last major summary of St. Lucian archaeology was compiled by the Reverend C. Jesse in 1960 and revised in 1968.

72. Tropical Villas St. Lucia: Villa Sales st. lucia s History and culture Since 1979 st lucia has been a stableindependent democracy within the British Commonwealth. But http://www.tropicalvillas.net/sales/st-lucia.htm

Non Nationals Contact Sales About St. Lucia St. Lucia's History and Culture Since 1979 St Lucia has been a stable independent democracy within the British Commonwealth. But after a few days on the island you'll discover influences and nuances hinting at its colourful past. St Lucia was first inhabited by the peaceful Arawak Indians, but they were conquered by their old enemies, the fierce Caribs. Columbus navigator was the first European to discover St Lucia in 1499. Then the British came and in 1667 the French arrived. St Lucia was alternately British and French for the next 150 years, before it was finally ceded to the British in 1814. The war has left fortresses and relics behind. For example, Pigeon Island National Park and Fort Rodney. From the former British officers' mess, it is easy to imagine the cannons firing at French warships as they tried to slip past the fortified hilltop You can also visit Morne Fortune, a site of a key battle, and Marigot Bay, once a vital wartime base and now a beautiful yacht haven. Diamond Falls and Mineral Baths, built by the French king, Louis XVI, to refresh and heal his troops stationed on St Lucia, are fascinating. As is historic Soufriere, the old French capital. We still have many British characteristics and, although English is the official language, French patois is widely spoken by the locals. In spirit, the island is influenced by many cultures. St Lucians drive on the left and have a passion for cricket. But the Caribbean influence surfaces in the drinks - rum and locally brewed beer, in the music - calypso, soca, reggae, in the richly flavoured Creole cuisine, in the carnivals, festivals and days of national pride, and in the open-air markets.

73. Caribbean Communication Forum Saint lucia s History and culture Like much of the Caribbean, Saint lucia was settledby Europeans who brought slaves from Africa In the 18th century, st. http://www.diaarchiv.de/cgi-bin/dcforum/dcboard.cgi?az=list&forum=DCForumID6&con

74. Human Life International - Special Report: (St. Lucia/Trinidad And Tobago) Would you know how, for example, to rebuild God s citya city invaded and, in manyinstances, destroyed by the culture of death, like st. lucia or a place even http://www.hli.org/sr_12_2003.html

var ace_path = ''; WANT TO BE A MISSIONARY? HERE'S HOW FROM THE COMFORT OF HOME! THE FIGHT FOR LIFE KNOW THE SECRET CODE-LIFE DEPENDS ON IT ABORTION "PERKS" AT LUXURY HOTELS: NEW PLANS IN THE WORKS ... IF WE CAN, WE'LL BE THERE TO HELP! Dear Co-Missionary, We've just returned from the frontlines where we were in the midst of serious combat, and you were right there with us. While we haven't won the war-and believe me it's a war-we have successfully managed to supply ground troops in St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago with, at least, the first round of ammunition they need to fight, and I can assure you they are going to fight! Thanks to your missionary efforts the people of St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago now have hope. You can imagine how threatened and desperate the people of these tiny islands must feel when invasive and voluminous organizations like Planned Parenthood invade their land. The sheer power and money that sustain these forces is enough to overwhelm them, even when they try to put forth a stouthearted fight. We know how hard we have to work to combat the efforts of Planned Parenthood in our own country; imagine, then, how difficult it must be for countries like St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago. Needless to say, it doesn't take long for them to realize they cannot avert this aggressor alone. In fact, if it weren't for HLI and HLI-affiliated people, the culture of death would swoop in many of these places without so much as a fight. That's why HLI missionary trips are so essential and why your support of HLI is so valuable

75. St. Lucia National Trust the forests to remote communities, from the north to the south of st.lucia. SouthernSafari offers authentic scenes of this Island, its people and its culture. http://www.slunatrust.org/tours.htm

The St. Lucia National Trust, P.O. Box 595, Castries, St. Lucia, West Indies - Phone:758-452-5005 - Email:natrust@candw.lc Home Profile Management Areas Tours ... Publications Sorry, your browser doesn't support Java(tm). The St. Lucia National Trust's Youth Club offers the youth of St. Lucia the opportunity to participate in the work of the National Trust. The aim of the activites is to make a difference while having fun. Join the St. Lucia National Trust and be part of the exciting work to help conserve the natural and cultural heritage of St. Lucia. Let the St. Lucia National Trust help you plan your wedding. We can assist you with a wedding that will give you the memories of a lifetime. E-Mail Address: First Name: Last Name: Subscribe Unsubscribe Tours oraginized by the St. Lucia National Trust Nature and Heritage Tours What you can look forward to!!! Pigeon Island National Landmark : One of the Caribbean's most historic landmarks, it is 44 acres of sloping grasslands, dry tropical forests, beaches and twin peaks. You can visit the interpretation center, the Jambe de Bois restaurant, walk up to Fort Rodney or visit some of our ruins. The Landmark is perfect for a half or full day outing tailored to your specific needs - total relaxation or for the more adventurous, an exciting expedition. Whatever your preference, a camera is a must, as Pigeon Island offers some of the most breathtaking photo opportunities. With or without a guide, the island is an easy and accessible location for relaxing or exploring.

76. St. Lucia Information Both left their mark on the st. lucian culture of today. st. lucia declaredits independence from the British Commonwealth on February 22, 1979. http://www.islandhideaways.com/islands.php?island_id=10&text_id=61

77. I-escape.com culture Carnival (July) in Castries is st lucia’s biggest event whenthe streets are filled with colourful bands and costumed processions. http://www.i-escape.com/destination_guide_results.php?page=1&country=St Lucia

78. Travel Intelligence | St Lucia By William Dalrymple still survives the older subversive African traditions, which on this island havebecome thoroughly mixed up with st. lucia s indigenous Amerindian culture. http://www.travelintelligence.net/wsd/articles/art_731.html

Travel Intelligence on.... Afganistan Albania Algeria Antarctica Arctic Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Barbados Belgium Belize Bermuda Bosnia Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Burma (Myanmar) Cambodia Canada Chad Chile China Colombia Cook Islands Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominica Ecuador Egypt Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Fiji Finland France French Polynesia Gabon Georgia Germany Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam and Yap Guatemala Guyana Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kyrgyz Republic Latvia Lebanon Leeward Islands Lesotho Liberia Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malaysia Maldives Martinique Mauritius Mexico Micronesia Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Zealand Niger Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Republic of Palau Reunion Romania Russia Senegal Seychelles Singapore Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka St Lucia St Vincent and Grenadines Sudan Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tibet Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda United Kingdom United States US Virgin Islands Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Yugoslavia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Features on: St Lucia Religion Tropical Paradise For selective hotel recommendations with reviews, go to

79. Around The St Lucia Campus, Programs And Courses At UQ main campus is located in the picturesque innercity suburb of st lucia. the friendly,accessible nature of Australian society, and the culture and tradition http://www.uq.edu.au/study/?id=4371

80. Musical Traditions Of St Lucia & Zoop Zoop Zoop These Creole vestiges of English culture are recalled with fond amusement, but thereis We went to st lucia in 1995 and heard, far too briefly, another Kwadril http://www.mustrad.org.uk/reviews/zoop.htm

Musical Traditions of St Lucia Dances and Songs from a Caribbean Island - Various performers Smithsonian / Folkways CD SF40416 Zoop Zoop Zoop Traditional Music and Folklore of St Croix, St Thomas and St John - Various performers New World Records 80427 - 2 The commercial category 'World Music' may not have been intended as a liberal euphemism for 'foreign' music. Inevitably, perhaps, that is what it soon became, as if white English-speaking musicians were somehow not in the world. Fascination with the novel and alien has passed for cultural investigation for as long as some people have sought an alternative to whatever the commercial entertainment industry had to offer. But the point of 'a wider perspective on traditional music' is surely not to wallow in the exotic for its own sake, but to appreciate what popular musics around the world have in common. The latter approach - true eclecticism as opposed to culture collecting - has had some encouragement during the past two decades. This is not due to the self-conscious 'fusions' indulged in by bored musicians, but to the musical miscegenation that arises naturally out of historical reality; or rather, to the long overdue recognition of that process, and of the fact that any music that has ever been popular enough to become traditional is likely to be a product of it. 'Purism' has long been a term of abuse, mainly because it has been taken to denote excess, a purely relative matter of over-enthusiasm. Now it is increasingly acknowledged that concepts like 'pure' and 'authentic' have little useful application. It seems obvious, once uttered, that the notion of a 'true folk artist', reliably representative of his / her community alone, has been a nostalgic one, at least since the spread of the domestic phonograph and wireless.

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