21. First Life Primitive metazoa can be grouped in three basic categories spongelikeanimals, cnidarians, and worms. The sponges, and cnidarians http://www.geocities.com/eurekaproj/evolution/fstlife.html

Bacteria Stromatolites are layered mounds, columns, and sheets found in the rock. They were originally formed by the growth of layer upon layer of cyanobacteria , a single-celled photosynthesizing microbe growing on a sea floor. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic cells (the simplest form of modern carbon-based life) which lack a DNA-packaging nucleus. This simple organism would be the only life on Earth for the next 2 billion years. Very rarely, stromatolites are still forming today in places such as Shark Bay, Australia. The salinity of the water is very high in this bay, and basically the only life that can survive is cyanobacteria. Under normal ocean conditions, the cyanobacteria would be eaten by marine creatures such as snails. In this special case however, columns and mounds are forming as can be seen in the picture to the left. The first multi-celled animals (metazoa) evolved over 600 million years ago. Primitive metazoa can be grouped in three basic categories: sponge-like animals, cnidarians, and worms. The sponges, and cnidarians (corals and sea anemones), are the most primitive with about 11 specialized cell types. Worms and higher metazoa have approximately 55 specialized cells. Sponges Sponges are the simplest grade of multi-celled animals. In general, sponges have open-topped, sack-like bodies which are fixed to the sea floor. Water is pulled through the body, and food is filtered out.

22. A.C.S. Distance Education COURSE STRUCTURE There are 10 lessons as follows Introduction Simple Organisms(Protists, sponges etc); Marine Plants; cnidarians worms Anemones; Jellyfish; http://www.acsedu.co.uk/Outlines/marine_studies_2.asp

How to Enrol Detailed Course Outlines Course Descriptions FREE Study Consultant ... Our School Free email Newsletter Detailed Course Outlines Courses and Enrolment MARINE STUDIES II (BEN203) (Marine Biology) COURSE OUTLINE An Accredited Advanced Diploma Module. Successful completion of this course/module will develop your knowledge of a wide variety of marine organisms, their identification and biology. COURSE DETAILS Prerequisites: While Marine Studies I is not a prerequisite, it certainly complements the studies in this course. Duration: 100 hours (study at your own pace, the average time to complete this module is 4-6 months part time) Enrolments: Open all year Fee Code: S2 (see current Fee Schedule Services: On enrolment, you will receive: Course Materials including: A Subject Guide Accompanying Notes TextBook: Australian Marine Life by Edgar (Reed Books) Videos Videos are available for loan through the school's library. Tutors Throughout the course, you are guided by tutors, who are accessible by mail, fax, email, phone or in person. Tutors are accessible 5 days a week. If necessary, we can arrange for tutors to contact a student after hours. Library Students within driving distance of our office are welcome to make use of our school's library. Alternatively, tutors can provide additional information for your course upon request.

23. Biology 403 - Spring '96 - Profs. Eernisse & Jones Chaetognatha (Arrow worms) Introduction to Echinodermata Echinodermata LarvalStages Jump to Links for sponges, cnidarians, Bilaterians, Flatworms http://biology.fullerton.edu/courses/biol_403/Web/zoobookmarks.html

Visit the source of this page's Featured Image at: The Tree of Life Project Animal WWW Links Jump to Links for Sponges, Cnidarians, Bilaterians, Flatworms, ... Search the WWW for Any Keyword with Yahoo! Metazoa (Multicellular Animals) -Metazoans Without Tissues Porifera (sponges) Porifera Home Page Porifera: Model of Ancient Sponge Reef Porifera: Image of Sponge Spicules ... Underwater image of sponge -Eumetazoa (Tissues and Body Symmetry) -Cnidaria Cnidaria features Anthozoa (coral, anemones) Corals and coral reefs Fossil coral ("petosky stone" 300+ mya) ... Myxozoans are Cnidarians! -Ctenophora Introduction to ctenophores Drawings of ctenophores Underwater image of ctenophore -Bilateria (Bilateral Symmetry) Acoelomata (no coelom) Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Platyhelminthes: Drawings of flatworms Platyhelminthes: Free-living flatworm Gnathostomulida: Model of a Jaw Worm Pseudocoelomata (false coelom) Nematoda (roundworms) Nematoda: Research on C. elegans Nematomorpha (horsehair worms) Rotifera (rotifers) ... Life between sand grains quiz Coelomata (coelomate animals) Eutrochozoa Nemertea (ribbon worms) Sipuncula (peanut worms) Echiura (fat innkeeper, etc.)

24. Web Links By Group Of Animals - Prof. Eernisse of Burgess Shale Priapulid, Ottoia Introduction to Chaetognatha (Arrow worms) Diagramof Jump to Links for sponges, cnidarians, Bilaterians, Lophotrochozoans http://biology.fullerton.edu/biol261/zoobookmarks.html

Visit the source of this page's Featured Image at: Home Page of Expert on Fossil Whales, Mark Uhen Web Links by Group of Organisms Jump to Links for Sponges, Cnidarians, Bilaterians, Lophotrochozoans, ... Show More Zoology Links by Topic Search the WWW for Any Keyword with Lycos Yahoo WebCrawler Metacrawler ... Alta Vista , or Excite Find Something Cool? Send a Suggested Link. -Microorganisms, Extraterrestrial ?Life The Microbial Underground! Microbes: Distinguish Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Protists, and Viruses Methanogens and Other Microbes Image of Cyanobacteria ... A More Dubious Martian Life Form -Viruses Virus or Bacterium? Virology on the WWW Virus Images by Genome Type Virus Images by Family ... HIV Virus Explained -Unicellular Eukaryotes Protist Image Data Prof. Fankboner's Selected Images of Protozoans Radiolarians Radiolarian Skeletons ... Chlorophyta: Desmids -Green Plants Botany Resources Plant Families California Flora Database Southern California Plant Families ... Arkansas Diversity Mapper -Fungi Mycological Resources The Fission Yeast Site Metazoa (Multicellular Animals) -Metazoans Without Tissues Porifera (sponges) Porifera Web Page Porifera: Prof. Fankboner's Selected Images

25. "INVERTEBRATES" Related Terms, Short Phrases And Links mollusks. (Web site). Biology 3521 lower invertebrates includingprotozoa, sponges, cnidarians and worms. (Web site). Pearse, V http://keywen.com/Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Invertebrates/

Help INVERTEBRATES Encyclopedia of Keywords Science Earth Sciences Paleontology ... Michael Charnine Open project! Please edit the future version of this article Categories Arthropods Brachiopods Bryozoans Corals ... Trilobites Keywords INVERTEBRATE PDF SPONGES PALEONTOLOGY ... INVERTEBRATES Review of Short Phrases and Links This Review contains major "INVERTEBRATES"- related terms, short phrases and links grouped together in the form of Encyclopedia article. Books about "INVERTEBRATES" in Amazon.com Video about "INVERTEBRATES" in Amazon.com Order a custom written Review from Encyclopedia Writing Service DEFINITIONS Invertebrates are animals without a backbone. (Web site) Invertebrates are animals that lack a backbone. (Web site) Invertebrates are all animals without a backbone. (Web site) The invertebrates are dominant with 1405 drawers. (Web site) Invertebrates are animals that do not have backbones. (Web site) Invertebrates are all of the animals without backbones. (Web site) Invertebrates are best portrayed as members of communities. (Web site) Invertebrates are small sea creatures found in different types of water.

26. New Jersey Scuba Diver - Marine Biology - Plant-like Animals In fact, fan worms and burrowing anemones are a wrecks, mixed in with anemones, sponges,mussels, coral, and are the most primitive cnidarians, closely related http://www.njscuba.net/biology/sw_plant-like.html

Marine Biology Introduction Contents Classification Slideshow ... Regulations Plant-like Animals All these are animals that, in a sense, occupy the physical niche of the plants which are missing from the deeper parts of the marine environment. All are filter-feeders, straining plankton from the surrounding waters. Sea Anemones Northern Coral Hydroids Bryozoans ... Frilled Anemones bloom on a shipwreck. Corals anemones , and hydroids are Cnidarians , ( pronounced nee-darian ) all closely related to jellyfishes . Most Cnidarians alternate a generation of the sessile polyps shown here with a generation of mobile medusae or jellyfish . Thus many medusas and polyps are actually the same species, merely in different generations. This is how seemingly fixed corals medusa , but for the majority it is not known. Cnidarian lifecycle - in this case, a hydroid . Others are similar. The actual stinging apparatus of a cnidarian is microscopic - specially developed cells. In anemones and corals the polyp stage is dominant. Most reproduction is by asexual budding or splitting of polyps, creating colonies of clones, with only occasional long-range dispersal by the small sexual

27. New Jersey Scuba Diver - Marine Biology - Invertebrates - Overview Platyhelminthes; Roundworms Nematoda; Segmented worms - Annelida; Mollusks substrate,the larvae develop into young sponges. cnidarians are radially symmetrical http://www.njscuba.net/biology/ov_invertebrates.html

Marine Biology Introduction Contents Classification Slideshow ... Regulations Invertebrates - Overview Marine Invertebrates American Lobster Crabs Other Crustaceans Snails ... Miscellaneous Invertebrates Freshwater Invertebrates Shellfish Insects An invertebrate is any multicellular animal lacking a backbone. This includes all animal phyla other than Chordata. The major invertebrate phyla include: Sponges - Porifera Coelenterates - Cnidaria Ctenophores - Ctenophora Echinoderms - Echinodermata Flatworms - Platyhelminthes Roundworms - Nematoda Segmented worms - Annelida Mollusks - Mollusca Arthropods - Arthropoda Invertebrates are tremendously diverse, ranging from microscopic wormlike mezozoans to huge animals such as the giant squid. Approximately 95% of all the earth’s animal species are invertebrates; of these the vast majority are insects and other arthropods. Invertebrates are important as parasites and are essential elements of all ecological communities. Porifera - Sponges Porifera is an animal phylum consisting of the organisms commonly called sponges. It is the only phylum of the animal subkingdom Parazoa and represents the least evolutionarily advanced group of the animal kingdom. All adult sponges are sessile (nonmotile), and nearly all are marine; there are four families of freshwater sponges.

28. Science 7 3/8, Mollusks, Wksht. 111. 3/5, Test Chapter 10 sponges, cnidarians worms,Read pp. 340-44. 3/4, Review for test earthworm dissection, Study for Test. http://chateau.neric.org/dharrigan/Science 7.html

Science 7 Earth Science Date Topics/Objectives Assignment Read pp. Skin -epidermis, dermis, function, skin care... Wksht. 15-4 Study for Test Muscular System Wksht. 15-3 Skeletal System Wksht. 15-2 Introduction to the Human Body Read Sec. 15-1 Patterns of Animal Behavior -courtship, establishing territory... Bird Presentations (continued) Read Section 14-2 Presentation of Bird Projects Have a nice weekend Conditioning, Instinct, Insight learning... Wksht. 14-1 Diversity of Mammals Read pp. 431-36 Wksht. 13-4 3 main groups of Mammals their characteristics Wksht. 13-3 Introduction to Mammals -characteristics... Video Wksht. Introduction of Bird Project Have a nice weekend! Bird Flight Wksht. 13-2 Physics of Flight Read Section 13-2 Birds (continued) -nervous system, reproduction, diversity, importance... Wksht. 13-1 Birds -adaptations, digestion, circulation.... None Correct Test Introduction to Birds Have a nice weekend! Read pp. 410-419 Review for Test Study for Test Reptiles -turtles, crocodilians, dinosaurs...

29. TWO PAGE-OUTLINE EXAMPLES Ch parasitic and freeliving members. Mollusks and Segmented worms. Mollusks. sponges,cnidarians, Flatworms and Roundworms. sponges and cnidarians are two layers http://schools.monterey.k12.ca.us/~pgmiddle/staff/dacu/2pageoutline.htm

TWO PAGE-OUTLINE EXAMPLES Ch.12 Science Pages 338-339 Mrs. Dacuyan's Seventh Grade Class Kenny Neely, What is an animal? Animals many celled find and digest their own food Invertebrates and Vertebrate Invertebrates are animals without backbones Vertebrates are animals with backbones Bilateral, Radial and No Symmetry Animals that have body parts arranged the same way on both sides have bilateral symmetry (like humans) Animals with body parts arranged in a circle around a central point have radial symmetry (like a seastar) Animals with no definite shape are called asymmetrical Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms and Roundworms Sponges and Cnidarians Are only two layers thick Sponge cells do not from tissues, organs or organ systems Cnidarian bodies have tissues and have radial symmetry Flatworms and roundworms Both have bilateral symmetry Both have parasitic and free-living members Mollusks and Segmented Worms Mollusks Mollusks with one shell are gastropods Mollusks with two shells are bivalves Cephalopods Have a foot divided into tentacles They have no outside shell They have a closed circulatory system Annelids Have a body cavity that separates the internal organs from the body wall They have setae, bristle-like structures that help annelids move

30. Invertebrates P;age into eight phyla (phyllum is singular) that include sponges, cnidarians (coelenterates),Flatworms, Roundworms, Segmented worms, Mollusks, Echinoderms, and http://webtech.cherokee.k12.ga.us/chapman-is/sinoue/invertebrates_p_age.htm

THE INVERTEBRATES WEB QUEST BY MRS. INOUE QCC Standards Fifth Grade- LA Strand: Communication LA5.59, LA5.64; Science Strand: Inquiry S5.2; Strand: Life Science S5.18 Introduction Task Resources Process ... Conclusion INTRODUCTION: How many different kinds of animals do you think there are in the world? If you said over a million you are right! There are about 1.3 million species of animals on Earth today and probably millions more that are unknown. It's not an easy job of keeping track of them either. You've been introduced to the classification system scientist use when you did the Classification Scavenger Hunt located on this site. You learned that animals are classified into two large groups-vertebrates (have backbones) and invertebrates (have no backbone). Invertebrates account for about 95% of all those animals! (Most of you hypothesized that the Vertebrate group had more.) As you can see there has to be a method of maintaining order when it comes to identifying and classifying this many creatures. TASK: Invertebrates are classified into eight phyla (phyllum is singular) that include: Sponges, Cnidarians (coelenterates), Flatworms, Roundworms, Segmented Worms, Mollusks, Echinoderms, and the largest group called the Arthropods. The class will be divided into five groups to use the resources listed here to develop a cluster map that will include the kinds of animals, characteristics, habitats, food, body symmetry and special features, and five interesting facts about the phyllum.

31. Metro Nashville Public Schools Ernest Just; Elizabeth Blackwell; Dorothy Hodgkin. 2 nd six weeks. sponges,cnidarians, worms, mollusks. The five kingdoms; Vertebrates and invertebrates; http://medschool.mc.vanderbilt.edu/nsf/html/Core_curr.html

Metro Nashville Public Schools Core Curriculum (for a more detailed explanation, go to http://www.nashville.k12.tn.us/curriculum/curriculum.html#core th grade th ... grade th grade Weeks st six weeks Energy and the nature of heat Kinetic versus potential energy Potential energy Kinetic energy Interchangeable forms of energy Energy is conserved in a system Heat and temperature Heat transfer nd six weeks Magnets and motors Magnets attract and repel each other Compass and magnets Electric currents and magnets Electric energy Simple magnets and motors rd six weeks Gravity and astronomy Gravity is the attraction of bodies Newton’s laws of motion Gravity keeps planets in orbit Stars Constellations Galaxies Quasars th six weeks Human body Circulatory and lymphatic systems Immune system Viral diseases Life is made up of cells Nucleus Organelles Cell division th six weeks Plant growth and reproduction Plant classes Parts and functions of vascular plants Photosynthesis Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Formation of seed from pollination to maturity Stages of germination and plant growth Conservation th six weeks Oceanography Salt water biomes Topography Water motion Ocean resources th grade Weeks st six weeks Science skills and processes Lab safety Scientific method Experimentation Science equipment Nature of life Characteristics of living things Needs of living things Cell structure and function Cell theory Structure and function of cells Cell processes Moving materials into and out of the cell Cell growth and division Cell energy Photosynthesis Respiration

32. Program Offerings Program Descriptions Paleontologists believe that before this explosion began, the only animalson Earth were sponges, cnidarians and ancestral bilateral worms. http://bush.lan.ihets.org:9070/progofferings/shape_of_life.jsp

33. Main focus on the lower invertebrates sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms spongesand sessile creatures that come in These worms are the first organisms to http://www.act2online.org/projects/fahey03/main.html

Invertebrates Invertebrates are important organisms. 97 percent of all animal species are invertebrates. These animals are the link between single cellular organisms and many of the vertebrate species that people are most familiar with. Many of the advanced features that we see in vertebrates, such as organ systems, first appear in these invertebrates. On this web site we will focus on the lower invertebrates: sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, mollusk and annelids. Before learning about each group of organisms, lets first define some words used to characterize them, namely the types of symetry they posses: Similarity or balance between parts of an organism so that when a straight cut is made through a point or along a line, equal, mirror-image halves are formed. Symmetry in body shapes is related to the lifestyles of organisms. Asymmetry , or the absence of symmetry, most often occurs in sessile organisms or in slow-moving forms such as amebas . Most other organisms can generally be classified in three groups with respect to symmetry type. In spherical , or point, symmetry, any straight cut through the central point of a sphere divides it into mirror-image halves. Point symmetry, often called universal symmetry by biologists, is seen in some floating animals with radiating parts, such as the single-celled protozoans of the order Radiolaria.

34. SchoolNotes.com - Notes Page Prepare for Chap 27 vocab quiz. C2 41205 Collected Section Review worksheetsfor cnidarians and unseg worms. Completed notes on sponges and cnidarians. http://www.schoolnotes.com/02816/chsscience.html

View Notes Edit Notes Teachers Register Here Account Management ... Content / User Guidelines To request information by email, send inquiry to info@edgate.com MS. ERIKA STEELE DAILY CLASSROOM LOG COVENTRY HIGH SCHOOL Click here to send an e-mail to Ms. Erika Steele Notify me when this page is updated. ( Remove me Some Favorite Links: Class Web Page Download MIDTERM review Scientific American great read Works Cited Reference Use this site for MLA Guidelines Gale Group Password = cove_log wpl.lib.ri.us/refdesk.htm Warwick Public Library Links www.discover.com/science_news/ Science NEWS worth reading www.nytimes.com/ National perspective www.ri.net/RIEMA/ Great library reference site. Track Star Multiple Web Quests: Search by keyword or name CHS Web Page Coventry High School News and Updates DNA Workshop Neat replication and protein synthesis practice! Welcome to Ms. Steele's Biology Class Bulletin Hats off to the CHS Envirothon Team! Students competed in the statewide environmental competition, winning all concentrations, (aquatics, forestry, wildlife and soils). Students will now compete for the National Envirothon title this summer. Great team work to all participants! Good luck Class of 2004!

35. SchoolNotes.com - Notes Page dogs, cats, deer, rabbits, cows, horses, pigs, goats, elk, rats Kingdom AnimaliaChapter 21 22, sponges and cnidarians, worms and Mollusks Characteristics of http://www.schoolnotes.com/77561/kbean.html

View Notes Edit Notes Teachers Register Here Account Management ... Content / User Guidelines To request information by email, send inquiry to info@edgate.com MR. BEAN BIOLOGY HARDIN H S FLASHCARDS Click here to send an e-mail to Mr. Bean Notify me when this page is updated. ( Remove me All assignments must be turned in on the date that they are due; assignments are due at the beginning of class on their due date. Assignments that are turned in late will receive a ten point deduction, and the student will recieve lunch detention for the following day (unless the assignment is received by the end of the day it was due). Assignments turned in later than one day after they are due will receive a zero. Thurday, 3/4/04: TAKS Practice Test Friday, 3/5/04: Finish TAKS Practice Test, review the TAKS test material. Monday, 3/8/04- Friday, 3/12/04: Spring Break Cnidarians; Worms and Mollusks. Pg # Questions Below are the notes that students received in class on Tuesday, 3/15/04. Included before the notes is another handout that students should know for the test on Friday, 3/19/04. All animals are found in kingdom Animalia. Every organism, including animals, is grouped into certain levels of classification (taxonomy). This is a list of some of the types of animals that we will be learning about in chapters 21-27. You will need to know the names of the phyla and classes found in this list, and an example of each phyla and class for your test on Friday, 3/19/04.

36. Unit 7 Outline & Objectives anemone, sponges cnidarians. 3. 4. Mon 1/26, Worm Types EarthwormParts flat, round, segmented worms -earthworm systems and parts, http://www.heumann.org/u7/unit_7_outline_obj03.html

Unit 7: Invertebrates Almost all of the animals on earth are invertebrates from sponges to insects, they populate the planet in amazing numbers and diversity. Starting with the simple invertebrates like corals and anemones and moving on through the worms and insects, we studied the relationship between anatomy and environment. The two dissections in this unit (earthworm and grasshopper) brought us "up close and personal" with the inner workings and adaptations of invertebrates. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday January 19 No school Unit 5 Packet Unit Overview Simple Animals No school Worms Mollusk/Echinoderm Arthropods Social Insects Insect Adaptations February 2 Grasshopper Lab Metamorphosis Insect Appreciation Unit Review Test and Packet Date Today's Topics and Activities Assignment Objective Tues Unit 5 Packet none Wed Animal Phyla Overview -animal kingdom -invertebrate phyla and research Invertebrate Phyla and Video Thur Simplest Ocean Animals -filter and tentacle feeders -sponges, coral, hydra, jellies, anemone

37. History Of Life multicellular origins. How many times in animals? There are three basictypes of animal.sponges, cnidarians, and worms. These three http://www.as.wvu.edu/biology/bio115/HistofLife2.html

History of Life 2 Proterozoic Era 543 - 2500 mya Oxygen - the First Case of Pollution? Oxygen, the waste product of photosynthesis, built up in the atmosphere reaching 1% of the atmosphere by 2 billion years ago. Uranites UO Can only accumulate at O levels lower than 1%. Not found in rocks younger than 2300 mya Red Beds Iron Oxides date from 2300 mya Decline in Banded iron beds rare after 1800 mya Sedimentary copper deposits appear in 1700 mya NB copper only found in proteins of eukaryotes. The Evolution of the Atmosphere A More Efficient Metabolism In the presence of free O a new form of respiration evolved which was much more efficient than anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration is significantly more efficient than anaerobic respiration 36 vs. 2 ATP Evolution of the nucleus Packaged DNA is protected form damage - elaborate cellular mechanisms exist to protect the DNA one the simplest is the nuclear membrane The oldest fossils of Eukaryotes are about 1.2 billion years old

38. Proterozoic Era sponges, cnidarians, and worms. These three groups clearly have a common Protistancestor which was probably a single celled flagellate organism. http://www.as.wvu.edu/~kgarbutt/EvolutionPage/History2.htm

Proterozoic Era 543 - 2500 mya Oxygen - the First Case of Pollution? Oxygen, the waste product of this, built up in the atmosphere reaching 1% of the atmosphere by 2 billion years ago. Uranites UO Can only accumulate at O levels lower than 1%. Not found in rocks younger than 2300 mya Red Beds Iron Oxides date from 2300 mya Decline in Banded iron beds rare after 1800 mya Sedimentary copper deposits appear in 1700 mya NB copper only found in proteins of eukaryotes. A More Efficient Metabolism In the presence of free O a new form of respiration evolved which was much more efficient than anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration is significantly more efficient than anaerobic respiration 36 vs. 2 ATP Evolution of the nucleus Packaged DNA is protected form damage - elaborate cellular mechanisms exist to protect the DNA one the simplest is the nuclear membrane The oldest fossils of Eukaryotes are about 1.2 billion years old They were probably anaerobic Archezoans These protists lack both mitochondria and plastids E.g.

39. 7th Grade Core Curriculum 2nd Six Weeks Science. sponges, cnidarians, worms. mollusks. The five kingdoms; Vertebratesand invertebrates; sponges; cnidarians; worms; Mollusks. http://www.nashville.k12.tn.us/curriculum/Core_Curriculum2nd7.html

Core Curriculum Major Themes 2nd Six Weeks Additional resources will be added as they are identified. If you have suggestions please e-mail the Web Author. Kindergarten 1st grade 2nd grade 3rd grade ... 8th grade 7th Grade - 2nd Six Weeks Science Sponges, Cnidarians, worms. mollusks The five kingdoms Vertebrates and invertebrates Sponges Cnidarians Worms Mollusks Anthropods and echinoderms Arthropods Insects Characteristics Behavior Echinoderms Fishes and Amphibians Vertebrates Fishes Amphibians Reptiles and birds Reptiles Adaptations Major life functions Birds Characteristics of birds Major life functions Mammals Characteristics of mammals Egg-laying mammals Pouched mammals Placental mammals Animal classification lesson plan Porifera Biology Butterflies Amazing Insect Project BugWatch ... Insectclopedia Bill Nye Science: Insects It's a Fishy Business: Running an Aquarium Sea Turtle Survival League Bill Nye: Invertebrates Dwarf African Frogs Frog Dissection Animal habitats Social Studies Concepts and skills in physical geography (cont.)

40. CHAPTER 15 Invertebrates include sponges, cnidarians, worms , Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms. sponges – Phyla PORIFERA. Characteristics. http://mail.nvnet.org/~mueller_k/Invertebratenotes.htm

CHAPTER 15 Animals are divided into different groups called PHYLA (PHYLUM) – according to body structure. They are the second largest group of organisms after Kingdom. SECTION 1 – Simple Invertebrates Invertebrates are animals without a backbone. Invertebrates include: Sponges, Cnidarians, Worms SPONGES – Phyla PORIFERA Characteristics simplest group of invertebrates Body is covered with pores Live in water –mostly the ocean Skeleton is made of needlelike splinters called spicules which come in many shapes Reproduce Asexually by budding Eats by taking in water through its pores and filtering the food through special cells called collar cells that digest their food. CNIDARIANS - Phyla Cnidaria Characteristics More complex than sponges Have stinging cells Live in water – mostly in oceans, hydra are found in freshwater Come in 2 forms – the medusa and the polyp. MEDUSA – looks like a mushroom with tentacles hanging down POLYP - Shaped like vases and are usually attached to something. Three classes of cnidarians - HYDRAS - are polyps and live in freshwater - JELLYFISH – spend most of their life as a medusa – are polyps - Corals are tiny cnidarians that live in colonies. The colonies build huge skeletons, each new generation builds on top of the last and over thousands of years they build underwater reefs (Coral reefs).

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