1. South Africa History Nelson Mandela ANC FW De Klerk Apartheid A brief history of South Africa including information on Nelson Mandela, the ANC, FW De Klerk and the apartheid system Kruger Park Information. south africa history. Tourist Information but http://www.africanwelcome.com/south-african-history.htm

MENU African Welcome Tours Kruger Park Information South Africa History Tourist Information ... Partner Links TOURS Kruger National Park - 8 Day Kruger Park - 12 day Tour Garden Route Tour Victoria Falls ... Botswana Safari South Africa - A Brief History The history of Southern Africa goes back into the recesses of time. The oldest surviving inhabitants are members of the Khoisan language groups but there are not many left in modern South Africa. Most black South Africans belong to the people which migrated south from central Africa, settling in the Transvaal region sometime before AD 100. It is totally incorrect to call them Bantu people. The word Bantu means people so that comes out as people people. The Boers did not call them Africans for that would have implied, correctly, a prior ownership. The Boers called themselves Afrikaners to indicate, incorrectly, that it was their land. The first Europeans to reach the Cape of Good Hope were the Portuguese who arrived in 1488. But it was nearly two centuries later before permanent European settlement. In 1652 the Dutch East India Company established a provisioning station on the Cape. This settlement later attracted French Huguenot refugees, the Dutch, and Germans who began to spread and settle in the Cape. Collectively they are now the Afrikaners.

2. South Africa SouthAfrica.com Search South Africa, Hotels, Vacations, Tours, and Accomodiations Go to Virtual Countries for the best information for all of your travel, vacation, holiday, and tourism needs in South Africa. www.oddbins.com. 3. south africa history. Related content from HighBeam Research on south africa history www.worldrover.com/history/south_africa_ history. 5. South African History http://www.southafrica.com/search/index.php?av=custom&qkw=History of South a

3. South Africa History | Lonely Planet World Guide south africa history. Although the nomadic San (also known as Bushmen) have possibly lived in Southern Africa since around 100,000 http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/south_africa/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Postcards South Africa History Although the nomadic San (also known as Bushmen) have possibly lived in Southern Africa since around 100,000 BC, they didn't reach the Cape of Good Hope until about 2000 years ago. Because of the close relationship between the San and the Khoikhoi peoples, who intermarried and coexisted, both are often referred to as Khoisan. By the 15th century most arable land had been settled by encroaching Bantu pastoral tribes. Southern Africa became a popular stop for European crews after Vasco de Gama opened the Cape of Good Hope spice route in 1498, and, by the mid-17th century, scurvy and shipwreck had induced Dutch traders to opt for a permanent settlement in Table Bay on the site of present-day Cape Town. The mostly Dutch burghers pushed slowly north, decimating the Khoisan with violence and disease as they went. Towards the end of the 18th century and with Dutch power fading, Britain predictably jumped in for another piece of Africa. It was hoped that British settlers would inhabit a buffer zone between skirmishing pastoral Boers and the Xhosa, but most of the British immigrant families retreated to town, entrenching the rural-urban divide that is evident in white South Africa even today. Although slavery was abolished in 1833, the division of labour on the basis of colour served all whites too well for any real attempt to change. The first Anglo-Boer War ended in a crushing Boer victory and the establishment of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek. The British backed off until a huge reef of gold was discovered around Johannesburg and then marched in again for the second Anglo-Boer War, dribbling with empiric greed. By 1902 the Boers had exhausted their conventional resources and resorted to commando-style raids, denying the British control of the countryside. The British quashed resistance with disproportionate reprisals: if a railway line was blown up, the nearest farmhouse was destroyed; if a shot was fired from a farm, the house was burnt down, the crops destroyed and the animals killed. The women and children from the farms were collected and taken to concentration camps - a British invention - where 26,000 died of disease and neglect. The Boers were compelled to sign an ignominious and bitter peace.

4. South Africa: History Related content from HighBeam Research on south africa history. Hollywood Dress Code (The Washington Post). De Klerk preparing history http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0861191.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Encyclopedia ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia South Africa History Early History The San (Bushmen) are among the oldest indigenous peoples of South Africa. About 2,000 years ago, the pastoral Khoikhoi (called Hottentots by Europeans) settled mainly in the southern coastal region. By at least the 8th cent., Bantu speakers moving southward from E central Africa had settled the N region of present-day South Africa. These Bantu-speaking groups developed their own complex community organizations. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias , a Portuguese navigator, became the first European to round the Cape of Good Hope (so named by King John II of Portugal). The diaries of shipwrecked Portuguese sailors attest to a large Bantu-speaking population in present-day KwaZulu-Natal by 1552. Colonialism and African-European Relations Although European vessels frequently passed by South Africa on their way to E Africa and India, and sometimes stopped for provisions or rest, no permanent European settlement was made until 1652, when Jan van Riebeeck and about 90 other persons set up a provisioning station for the Dutch East India Company at Table Bay on the Cape of Good Hope. Soon van Riebeeck began to trade with nearby Khoikhoi, gave Europeans land for farms, and brought in Africans (from W and E Africa) and Malays as slaves. By 1662, about 250 Europeans were living near the Cape and gradually they moved inland, founding

5. South Africa History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resourc south africa history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/south_africa/south_africa_history_index.html

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] South Africa History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/south_africa/south_africa_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting Southern African Societies to ca. 1600 The Earliest South Africans ... Preparing for Elections NOTE: The information regarding South Africa on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of South Africa History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about South Africa History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/south_africa/south_africa_history_index.html Revised 03-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

6. History Of The Afrikaans Language In South Africa History of the Afrikaans language in South Africa. The Afrikaans language as spoken in South Africa is more than the language of apartheid. http://nc.essortment.com/historyafrikaan_rqrs.htm

History of the Afrikaans language in South Africa The Afrikaans language as spoken in South Africa is more than the language of apartheid. It's a hybrid of influences, from Dutch to Cape Malay. Afrikaans, the modern version is more than merely a Dutch derivative as some would suggest. Inextricably linked for the last century with the development and application of apartheid within South Africa, the immense reach and value of this language has often been overlooked within the wider political climate. bodyOffer(17604) While the Dutch, who arrived in South Africa in 1652 and established a colony in Cape Town, are largely credited with the birth of the language, the version spoken today is an accumulation of many other influences. The Dutch dialect established after 1652 incorporated terms and phrases handed down from sailors who had been shipwrecked off the Cape coast after it became clear that the horn of Africa presented another viable trade route. These phrases, of both english and portuguese origin, soon found their way into the dutch dialect. In addition, the language took on a more oriental flavour with the arrival of a slaves in the Cape, primarily of Malay extraction, but also from other eastern regions and nearby African islands including Madagascar.

7. South Africa History & South Africa Culture | IExplore south africa history. For centuries, South Africa s history was plagued by racial conflicts. Dutch settlers in Cape Town established http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/South Africa/History

dateString = 1112134441; FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 4 YEARS IN A ROW TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Your experts in adventure and experiential travel Keyword Search: Home Trip Finder Destination Guides Join / Sign-in ... South Africa History E-mail this page South Africa Travel Travel and Trips South Africa Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Monthly Newsletter Sign-up for monthly travel specials Save up to 50% Privacy Statement Popular Trips to South Africa South Africa Safaris Cape Town Johannesburg Durban ... Londolozi South Africa History Beginning about the turn of the 20th century, more and more legislation was passed restricting the rights of nonwhites. The laws of apartheid - or separation of races - reached their peak under the Afrikaner National Party, which came to power in 1948. Blacks responded by forming the Communist-backed African National Congress, which was dedicated to ending apartheid. Continued violence, diplomatic isolation and economic boycotts forced the white government to make some concessions in the 1980s, but the apartheid laws were not scrapped until 1991, when blacks were allowed to vote in the country's first democratic elections. Nelson Mandela was then elected president on a platform of addressing South Africa's huge disparity of wealth. Progress continues under his successor, but those goals remain some way off. South Africa Trip Search See Trips to South Africa South Africa Travel Experts Meet our South Africa expert Julie Larson

8. South Africa History & South Africa Culture | IExplore south africa history. For centuries, South Africa s history was plagued by racial conflicts. Dutch settlers in Cape Town established http://iexplore.nationalgeographic.com/dmap/South Africa/History

dateString = 1112133208; Home Site Index Customer Service Shop MAGAZINES: National Traveler Adventure NG Kids NG Explorer TV AND FILM: Channel (U.S.) Channel (Intl) Explorer GUIDES: Adventure and Animals and History and Maps and News Photography Travel For Kids For Students For Teachers Complete Site Complete Site Index Subscribe Shop Call 1-800-iExplore Keyword Trip Search: Home Trip Finder Destination Guides Join / Sign-in ... South Africa History E-mail this page Keyword Search Help South Africa Travel Travel and Trips South Africa Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Monthly Newsletter Sign-up for monthly travel specials Save up to 50% Privacy Statement Popular Trips to South Africa South Africa Safaris Cape Town Johannesburg Durban ... Londolozi South Africa History Beginning about the turn of the 20th century, more and more legislation was passed restricting the rights of nonwhites. The laws of apartheid - or separation of races - reached their peak under the Afrikaner National Party, which came to power in 1948. Blacks responded by forming the Communist-backed African National Congress, which was dedicated to ending apartheid. Continued violence, diplomatic isolation and economic boycotts forced the white government to make some concessions in the 1980s, but the apartheid laws were not scrapped until 1991, when blacks were allowed to vote in the country's first democratic elections. Nelson Mandela was then elected president on a platform of addressing South Africa's huge disparity of wealth. Progress continues under his successor, but those goals remain some way off.

9. History Of Scouting In South Africa History of Scouting in South Africa. Mafeking the beginnings. The history of Scouting in South Africa goes back before the birth http://www.scouting.org.za/history.html

10. South Africa History Blessed with incredible natural resources, the region known as South Africa has had a difficult history marked by ethnic conflicts and struggle. http://www.nationbynation.com/SouthAfrica/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY ... SOUTH AFRICA Blessed with incredible natural resources, the region known as South Africa has had a difficult history marked by ethnic conflicts and struggle. Originally settled by a variety of native peoples, the Dutch founded a settlement they called Cape Town in 1652. It was an important stop on the trade routes between Europe and Asia. These Dutch became known as Afrikaaners and later Boers. In 1841, Cape Town came under British control, but other Afrikaaner provinces (Orange Free State and the Transvaal) did not. The discovery of rich diamond mines and gold in these areas generated great interest among the British which led to Boer rebellions. Full-fledged war erupted in 1881-1882. It was inconclusive and a second conflict arose in 1899-1902. The British defeated the Boers and gained complete control of the country. The Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, with the country becoming a self-governing part of the British empire 24 years later. The next decades were marked by conflict between the British and Afrikaaner South Africans. Following World War II, racial politics came to the fore with the establishment of the policy known as apartheid. Apartheid restricted the rights of people of color (the majority) while protecting the supremacy of the British and Afrikaaner minority. In 1961, South Africa became a republic nd the next decades were characterized by growing strife over the government's racial policies and worldwide condemnation and sanctions. By 1989-1990, apartheid was being dismantled and plans were made to redress some of the injustices of the past. Eventually, Nelson Mandela, leader of the African National Congress, who had spent decades in prison for his antigovernment and antiapartheid stances, was released and elected to the presidency of the country. South Africa's journey to democracy came full circle in 1996 with the acceptance of a new constitution. All has not been smooth-sailing, however, as violence erupts periodically between whites and blacks and between various black factions. At present, the country still enjoys a healthy economy (the strongest on the continent) and is still the world leader in diamonds and gold.

11. Africast.com - South Africa History Members of the Khoisan language groups are the oldest surviving inhabitants of the land but only a few are left in South Africa today, and they are located in http://www.africast.com/country_history.php?strCountry=South Africa

12. Nations Online :: South Africa - Suid Afrika Soweto south africa history The long road to democracy. Books about the History of South Africa Modern History of South Africa Cultural History of South Africa. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/south_africa.htm

advertise with us Home Africa South Africa South Africa - Provinces One World - Nations Online the countries of the world One World - Nations Online Countries and Nations keywords: South Africa, South African news papers, tourist information for South Africa, South Africa tourism, South Africa Map Note: Links will open in a new browser window. South Africa ( Suid Afrika ) Country Code: za Flag of South Africa Background: After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the Dutch settlers (the Boers) trekked north to found their own republics. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred wealth and immigration and intensified the subjugation of the native inhabitants. The Boers resisted British encroachments, but were defeated in the Boer War (1899-1902). The resulting Union of South Africa operated under a policy of apartheid - the separate development of the races. The 1990s brought an end to apartheid politically and ushered in black majority rule. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook) related countries: UK Netherlands border countries: Botswana Lesotho Mozambique Namibia ... Zimbabwe Official Sites of South Africa South Africa Government Information and Guide to the Government of South Africa.

13. South Africa History & Safari Information: Wars, Economy south africa history Safari Information. The discovery of the Witwatersrand goldfields in 1886 was a turning point in the history of South Africa. http://www.eyesonafrica.net/Production/rsa_more.htm

Search our site Go to General Info section Return to Map of South Africa HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA The Early Inhabitants There seems to be general agreement among scholars that humankind had its earliest origins in Africa. South Africa is rich in fossil evidence of the evolutionary history of the human family, going back several million years. From the discovery of the skull of a Taung child in 1924 to the latest discoveries of hominid fossils at Sterkfontein caves, recently declared a World Heritage Site, and the ground-breaking work done at Blombos Cave in the Southern Cape - all have put South Africa at the forefront of paleontology research into the origins of humanity. Modern humans have lived in the region for over 100,000 years. The small, mobile bands of Stone Age hunter-gatherers, who created a wealth of rock art, were the ancestors of the Khoekhoe and San of historical times. The Khoekhoen and San (the 'Hottentots' and 'Bushmen' of early European terminology), although collectively known as the Khoisan, are often thought of as distinct peoples.

14. History Of Geodetic Surveying In South Africa History of geodetic surveying in South Africa. The pursuit of the figure of the earth has a long and interesting history in South Africa. http://w3sli.wcape.gov.za/Surveys/Mapping/svyhist.htm

History of geodetic surveying in South Africa The Meridian Arc of Abbe de Lacaille The Verification of Lacailles Arc The Geodetic Survey of South Africa The Trigonometrical Survey ... A New Era in Surveying Technology The Meridian Arc of Abbe de Lacaille The pursuit of the figure of the earth has a long and interesting history in South Africa. The year marks the th anniversary since the prominent astronomer-geodesist Abbe de LaCaille who set foot on South African soil to catalogue the Southern stars by their celestial co-ordinates of right ascension and declination. Shortly after his arrival at the Cape, LaCaille set out to measure a meridian of arc in the southern hemisphere as no such measurement existed. Abbe de LaCaille measured a triangulation arc (figure one) northwards from Cape Town, to determine the figure of the earth and obtained a result which indicated that the curvature of the earth was less at southern latitudes than at corresponding northern ones. This perplexity was later to be verified by Sir Thomas Maclear , Her Majesty’s Astronomer at the Cape.

15. ThinkQuest : Library : The World Wide Web South Africa s History The SAN If you want to learn more about South Africa s history, you should follow the link below The World http://library.thinkquest.org/28473/southaf/histmain.html

Index the World Wide Web The World Wide Web represents five different countries from around the world. It includes facts like geography, but goes one step further by stimulating contact between real people through pen-pal messageboards, electronic postcards and live chat. The team believes that simply introducing young generations to other traditions and cultures can help fight racism, a very important cause. In addition there are of course other benefits from knowing more about foreign countries. Hopefully this introduction will also stimulate the visitors to find out more, either by travel and first hand experience, or by looking for more on the web and in books. The entry welcomes anyone to contribute at any level, and is design to be able to incorporate these new contributions easily without any major changes. Visit Site 1999 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students Alexander Nesbru Secondary School, Hxvik, Norway Lara Nesbru Secondary School, Slependen, Norway Arne Nesbru Secondary School, Asker, Norway Coaches Khai Ling Chin BENTLEY, Australia

16. WHKMLA : History Of South Africa, ToC of Catholic Dioceses South Africa, from Kirken i Norge Library of Congress, Country Studies south africa history of South Africa, from newafrica.com, 3 http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/southafrica/xsafrica.html

Zimbabwe Namibia First posted in April 2002, Last revised on March 28th 2004 Cape Colony 1488-1806 Xhosa Zulu Cape Colony 1806-1880 ... Republic of South Africa, 1961-1994 .. Bantustans : Bophuthatswana Ciskei Transkei EXTERNAL FILES CIA World Factbook : South Africa ; BBC Country Profile : South Africa ; World Reference Desk : South Africa ; Art and Life in Africa : South Africa South Africa Page, from African Studies at UPenn; from Africa South of the Sahara at Stanford Virtual Library History : South Africa Timeline, from BBC News ; from timelines.ws Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : South Africa, from Kirken i Norge Library of Congress, Country Studies : South Africa History of South Africa, from newafrica.com , 3 chapters; from Lonely Planet , from World Rover Political Resources on the Net : South Africa For the Record : South Africa , from UN Human Rights System Languages of South Africa (25), from Ethnologue Wars of South Africa, 1800-1999, from ACED South Africa, from Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth Article Natal Orange Free State Transvaal , from Catholic Encyclopedia, 1911/1911/1912 edition Articles Cape Colony Natal Orange Free State Transvaal , from EB 1911 South African War Virtual Library ; Tables of Modern Monetary History : Africa, from

17. JRNL 488: South Africa History And Issues You are here Home JRNL 488 south africa history and Issues Course Guide. JRNL 488 south africa history and Issues. WWWVL-History South Africa. http://web.library.emory.edu/subjects/humanities/journalism/jrnl488sa.html

You are here: Home Course Guide EUCLID Find It Research Resources Library Services ... Home JRNL 488: South Africa History and Issues Table Of Contents Finding Books Finding Articles Reference Sources Internet Resources ... Contact Information Finding Books EUCLID is the key to Emory's library holdings. Use it to identify books and magazines/journals (but not articles) that we own. When searching EUCLID by subject, we recommend that you use the Browse search mode, using Library of Congress Subject headings. If you are uncertain about specific subject headings, try a Keyword search on "Everything" using one or two words that you feel describe the topic. Look at the subject headings attached to the results of this search and Browse on them. The following is a sample list of Library of Congress subject headings for researching the topic. Each heading is hotlinked to directly search EUCLID. Anti-apartheid movements-South Africa Apartheid Ethnic relations Race relations ... Racism South Africa [other terms] South Africa history South Africa politics and government South Africa race relations Can't find the book you want? Is it checked out? Is it at Oxford or in Storage?

18. African History On The Internet An annotated guide to internet resources on africa. Architectural history. Book history. Museums. Panafricanism. Photographs. Primary Sources (full text) Religion. Scholarly Associations. Science Technology. Slavery. south africa. United States and africa http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/history.html

Topics : History Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... United States and Africa Please send corrections to: The update on each page refers to the date that particular page was last edited. Different pages are updated on different days.

19. South African History An annotated guide to internet resources on south african history. Options for the New south africa. Full text of the book A wealth of documents on south africa's history and the antiapartheid movement worldwide http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/southafrica/rsahistory.html

Countries : South Africa : History Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: Africa South of the Sahara - History Mandela Adam, Heribert and Kogila Moodley - The Opening of the Apartheid Mind. Options for the New South Africa Full text of the book . Berkeley : University of California Press, c1993. 277 p. Series: (Perspectives on South Africa). Text is keyword searchable. "Adam and Moodley offer a nonpartisan and controversial analysis of the social conditions and political restraints operating...in post-Apartheid South Africa, and propose options for a new South Africa and a new foreign policy for all of Southern Africa. They reject purely racial explanations for political violence....", discusses the Black Consciousness Movement. http://www-ucpress.berkeley.edu:3030/dynaweb/public/books/africa/adam African National Congress - Historical Documents Major source . A wealth of documents on South Africa's history and the anti-apartheid movement worldwide. http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/ See also the Sunday Times special, Jan. 10, 2002

20. WWW-VL History Index: South Africa WWWVL history south africa. Research Tools. Geography. Gazetteers. Bibliography. Online Materials. Biography. Instruction. Chronological. General. Earliest Times. Prehistory Part 1. Prehistory Part 2. south african Archaeology WWW-VL history south africa. PLEASE NOTE that this site is currently without a maintainer, and needs Native Life in south africa, Before and Since the European War and http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/africa/south_africa.html

WWW-VL: HISTORY: SOUTH AFRICA ABOUT THIS NETWORK . If you are still interested or have any questions, please e-mail Serge Noiret [serge.noiret@iue.it]. Click here for The W3 Virtual Library (WWW-VL) central catalogue Click here for WWW-VL: W3 Search Engines vlib.iue.it/history/ The European University Institute, the new home of WWW-VL: History - the first history on the web. Please update your pointers or favorites. Research Tools Geography Maps Shaded Relief Political Divisions National Map [highly detailed urban maps. magnifications to 10 meters] National Map. Demographic Data [several magnifications. 1996 census.] Historical Maps Black Homeslands Marion and Prince Edward Islands Johannesburg Gazetteers cities and Towns Language English-Afrikaans-English Dictionary Online Presentations in and about Lowlands Languages: Afrikaans Bantu Languages: Dictionaries Bibliography Bibliography, Including On-Line Gateways and Indexes Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 1500-1800 Bibliography of South African History Archives National Archives South African Archival Resources on the Internet Repositories of Primary Sources South African Data Archive Libraries> National Library of South Africa South African University Libraries South African Research Libraries Online Materials Books South African War Virtual Library Native Life in South Africa, Before and Since the European War and the Boer Rebellion

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