41. Ninemsn Encarta - Tanzania gas deposits found in the songo songo island area the population of Tanzania consists of indigenous African groups population density of about 38 people per sq http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562305/Tanzania.html

ninemsn Home Hotmail Search Shopping ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Africa African Literature more... Facts and Figures Useful facts and figures Internet Search Search Encarta about Tanzania Search ninemsn for Web sites about Tanzania Also on Encarta Test your knowledge Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Tanzania Multimedia 12 items Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources Population Economy ... History I Introduction Print Preview of Section Tanzania , officially United Republic of Tanzania, republic, south-eastern Africa , bordered on the north by Lake Victoria and Uganda , on the north-east by Kenya , on the east by the Indian Ocean, on the south by Mozambique Lake Malawi , and Malawi , on the south-west by Zambia , and on the west by Lake Tanganyika Burundi , and Rwanda . The country includes the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba , and other offshore islands in the Indian Ocean. The total area of Tanzania is 945,100 sq km (364,900 sq mi), of which 942,453 sq km (363,882 sq mi) is on the mainland. The capital of Tanzania is Dodoma , located in the centre of the country and the place where the National Assembly meets. The former capital of the country was

42. Tourism As A Tool into the dim hut of songo Aboikoni, grandchief of Bushnegroes and seven tribes of indigenous people, including the The Saramaka people live along a river of http://forests.org/archive/samerica/suriname.htm

Tourism as A Tool RELAYED TEXT STARTS HERE: /** rainfor.genera: 132.0 **/ ** Topic: Tourism as a Tool ** ** Written 8:10 am Mar 7, 1994 by canopy in cdp:rainfor.genera This story may be used as is or modified, with or without credit to the Tropical Conservation Newsbureau. Contacts: Consultant Jerry Mitchell, Florida, 813/921-3137; fax: 813/921-4025. Armand Bhagwandas or Carlo Dwarka Panday, METS in Suriname, 597/492-892; fax: 597/497-062. TOURISM AS A TOOL TO CONSERVE NATIVE CULTURES IN SURINAME ASINDONHOPO, Suriname, February 18, 1994 Deep in the Suriname rainforest, a small group of tourists receives last minute advice on protocol and then files silently into the dim hut of Songo Aboikoni, grandchief of the Saramaka tribe. The "granman" sits in a plastic deck chair on a stage flanked by two assistants. Even though he speaks Dutch and English like his visitors, custom dictates that greetings be translated into the tribal language by the group's guide and then passed through the assistants to the chief, who responds back through the same chain.

43. Visit To Pygmies they are learning to read the Bible in songo, and some Anatole leads the indigenous mission movement called Nationsen-Marche It dulls the eyes of the people. http://www.worldchristians.org/main/visittopygmies.htm

Visit to Pygmies in Central African Republic By Gail Dixon, Horizons, Wales. GLDixon@compuserve.com November, 2001 We have just returned from a trip to Bobele, a Pygmy encampment about two hours into the jungle from the capital city, Bangui. The worship was wonderful. They clapped their hands and swayed rhythmically with the beating drum as they lost themselves in worship and adoration. Every so often one or more would let out a cry of sheer exuberant joy. They had never heard the gospel until Benjamin and his team left the comforts of the city and made their home in the jungle. Read the full report We visited a work led by Benjamin Lessy, a young man from Anatole's church, "Foundation Jerusalem". Benjamin and his family have been living in this area for three years. He began by going to the villages in the area to share his vision to reach the Pygmy people with the gospel. At first he met opposition because the people were of a different tribe to him and because they considered that the Pygmies belonged to them, and they didn't want anyone upsetting the status quo. However, gradually, Benjamin won some converts from the village and some have now

44. May/June 1995 to further the gospel 4 develops indigenous funding resources 5 6. Young people are the key to evangelism, but they is available in French or songo (the native http://www.missionfrontiers.org/1995/0506/mj9512.htm

BACK ISSUES May - June 1995 DIRECTORY The Editorial of Ralph D. Winter MF Behind theScenes ... Helping Grass-roots Leaders Manage Effective Ministry Helping Grass-roots Leaders to Build and Manage an Effective Ministry Reuben Ezemadu, Chairperson James Engel and Jane Overstreet, Co-Coordinators By Jane Overstreet ,The Task Force on Strategy and Resource Development has an interesting mandate and history. In this article, Jane Overstreet, co- coordinator, tells the story as she has seen it through her eyes. I sat in the room hardly able to comprehend what had just been said. It was hot and dusty. The fan droned in the background, but seemed to stir the air very little. The mosquitoes had abated for the moment, but would not be gone for long. All of these distractions, however, faded into the background as this man's words echoed in my ears. "By the year 2000, there will be at least 19,000 orphans in the small capital city, left homeless and helpless because of the death of both parents from AIDS. This does not even include those who will have the possibility of relatives or friends taking them in. These orphans will have no options. If the church does not respond to this overwhelming need, who will?" The question seemed to hang in the air long after the sound of his voice was gone. We continued to discuss a long list of physical and spiritual needs as this new friend listed them, including hunger, poverty, disease, lack of housing, and lack of education. The church is involved in evangelism, but they find that for every one coming into the front door of the church, two are going out the "back" door, returning to traditional religion or crime in order to meet their basic physical needs.

45. Diccionario areíto later evolved into what is now known as songo. sacred, twoheaded drums of the Yoruba people of Nigeria It has both African and indigenous American roots http://www.geocities.com/salsamanwt/diccionario.htm

Diccionario de terminos afro caribenos abanico The rim shot and roll of the timbales. agwe Alternate spelling for "agbe" (see above). bolero A slow, lyrical ballad. bomba 1. A barrel-shaped drum of Afro-Puerto Rican origin, similar to the Cuban tumbadora (conga drum), although shorter; 2. A style of Afro-Puerto Rican music and dance which is also commonly found in salsa repertoires. bombo 1. The "and" of the second beat of a measure; 2. The Spanish term for bass drum. bombo criollo An adaptation of the European military bass drum, used in Cuba for carnaval in styles such as the conga. bongos Two small drums attached by a thick piece of wood, played while held between the knees. The bongos were developed from African predecessors in Cuba's Oriente province. Originally, the bongo's drum heads (skins) were tacked-on, but later a system of tuneable hardware was attached. Bongos today are made of fiberglass as well as wood. botija A ceramic jug originally used to import Spanish olive oil, used to provide a bass accompaniment in the son style. botijuela Another term for botija.

46. Week Of Action Events Kimbundo, Tchokwe, Nganguela, Lunda Ndembo, songo, Kuanyama, Luvala UANSA promotes peaceful coexistence of all people. in the name of indigenous rights, how http://www.iansa.org/action/woa_events.htm

Home About Us Regions Key Issues ... Turkey Week of Action Events This year's Week of Action is truly Global! Here is a current list by country of events. Africa Angola Event: Awareness and Advocacy Organiser: Angolan Action Network on Small Arms (ANGOLANSA) A nationwide campaign in collaboration with the Local authorities will be launched with a statement from Church leaders. In addition to the national campaign there will be a Manifesto on Gun violence and criminality in Angolan cities, most notably in Luanda. Additional Activities will include public forums, radio (Radio Ecclesia of the Catholic Church) and television discussion programmes on the role of the International action network on small arms. In the meantime, invitations will be launched to other associations, NGO and churches (above all in the southern part of Angola) to join the Network. At the end of the week, there will be an awareness activity through the Local Radio, RADIO NGOLA YETU so as to mobilize local community to hand their Guns and all lethal material in their possession. The messages will be broadcast in 11 local languages: Kikongo, Kimbundo, Tchokwe, Nganguela, Lunda Ndembo, Songo, Kuanyama, Luvala, Umbumbu, Fiote and Lingala.

47. ArcePage More modern variations are the songo and the salsa foods, music, dress, dance and activities indigenous to each who are opposed to hard rock. People who dance http://communityartsadvocates.org/arcepage.html

Afro-Caribbean Workshop Community Arts Advocates Stephen H. Baird, Executive Director PO Box 112, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 Telephone: 617-522-3407 Email: info@communityartsadvocates.org Web site: http://www.communityartsadvocates.org Program Description: Workshops includes slides, maps and percussion instruments from the Caribbean. Audience involvement is keystone to workshops and performances given by Jorge with participants joining in on drums, rhythm instruments, stories and dances. Roster member of Mass. Cultural Council, New England Foundation for the Arts, Ch. 636 Educational Models CEDOS, ARK 17, Boston Public Schools. Mission "Weaving Horizons: knowing, embracing and respecting other cultures in our Caribbean, our continent and in our world. This is the mission and the message of Afro-Caribbean Workshop which highlights the importance of this presentation at this crucial moment in our history." Program Fees: NOTE: NOTE: Jorge Arce has moved back to Puerto Rico. He travels to the Boston area several times each year and is available for engagements. Jorge Arce's next tour of the Boston area is in Mid July 2004 to perform for the Boston Public Schools and in late September. Program fees will need to include round-trip plane fares from Puerto Rico. Block bookings in the same week and geographic area can share and reduce this cost.

48. Tanzania Development Gateway: Justice Joel Sites and the People, (contributed to indigenous Knowledge Program for Development Knowledge pack Tanzania songo songo Gas Development Project, (contributed http://www.developmentgateway.org/node/285491/acs-subsite/shared/community-membe

49. Welcome To PulseWave Percussion has been incorporated into the modern songo style. Highlife incorporates indigenous guitar styles with elements of in Cuba and originating with people from the http://www.pulsewave.com/glossary/rhythm_content.html

Glossary of Rhythms Glossary of Instruments Aba Cua (ah bah kwa ) is a rhythm and dance from a men's secret society in Cuba. The music, based in 6 feel, has strong elements of cross and polyrhythm, which add to its mysterious nature. Traditional instrumentation consists of three small single headed drums held on the shoulder and played with one hand, two basket rattles, a bell and one lead drum called bonko (bong koh ) which is the size of a small ashiko. It is held vertically and played with two hands in the same manner as a conga. Aba Cua has strong ties to Rumba Columbia and is sung in an African tongue from a region of Southwest Nigeria. Afoxe' (ah foh shay ) is the common name of a social dance and music from Salvador da Bahia in the northeast of Brazil. The rhythm, which is properly called Ijexa, is from the Afro Brazilian Candomble (kahn dohm bley) tradition. Groups of people bring a secular version of the music and dance to the streets during Carnaval. Afoxe' (or afuche) is the name of a beaded gourd instrument used during parades. The rhythm and dance has became known by the name of the instrument. learn Afoxe' Arara (ah raah raah ) is a music and dance form found in Cuba which is derived from the Fon and Eve (eh veh) culture of Ghana, Togo and Dahomey, now known as Benin. The dances and rhythms are extremely sophisticated and are considered less Creolized than other AfroCuban forms, due to the fact that the Arara slaves were brought to Cuba quite late in the history of colonialism. Arara music has it's own particular drums which are carved from logs and have a peg tuning system. The drums are played with sticks, stick and hand, and hands.

50. Frontier - Tanzania now moved south to include the songo songo Islands and plummeting population numbers of indigenous large mammals The People Frontier volunteers operate out of http://www.frontierprojects.ac.uk/exp-tanz.htm

Tanzania In partnership with the University of Dar Es Salaam. Marine Expedition The Place The mangrove fringed waters off the Tanzanian coast support a complex yet fragile marine ecosystem, which includes hundreds of species of reef fish, corals, seagrasses, sharks, dolphins and turtles. These species are under constant threat and face possible extinction due to the pressures of man. The Problem Dynamite fishing, along with seine netting, pollution and uncontrolled tourism have all taken their toll on the delicate web of marine life. Frontier teams working alongside the coast of southern Tanzania have recorded up to 40 dynamite blasts in one day. Without survey data, protective management policies can be neither developed nor implemented. The Programme Over a six year period, from 1989 to 1995, 200 Frontier volunteers carried out more than 6,000 dives in the coastal waters around Mafia Island resulting in the setting up of Tanzania's first multi-user Marine Park. Building on that success, the Tanzania Marine Programme aims to provide further critical data on biodiversity levels in other closely linked habitats in the area. Diving work involves habitat mapping and fish surveys. Our team also joins local fishermen on week long trips to observe and record their catches at a series of temporary camps on remote islands. The People Training Tanzanian counterparts is an essential part of the work. Volunteers work alongside trainee fisheries officers and student from local institutes. The expeditions operate from a semi-permanent base camp and tented satellite camps, relying on local produce and using traditional sailing dhow for travelling to the survey sites.

51. Frontier marine habitats of the songosongo archipelago and plummeting population numbers of indigenous large mammals THE PEOPLE - Frontier volunteers operate out of http://www.frontierprojects.ac.uk/volunteering.htm

You can join an expedition for 4 weeks, 10 weeks or 20 weeks. You can find out more about all the expeditions on this page, and further details on the Projects link. Exploration with a purpose Frontier and your future Madagascar Marine Expedition Madagascar Wilderness Expedition ... Quotes Exploration with a purpose Our projects constantly evolve in response to fresh challenges and issues while maintaining an extended commitment to local people. It's this commitment to successive projects and local integration that makes Frontier unique. So, whatever expedition you join, you can be certain that your contribution really will make a difference. At the heart of each Frontier programme is the expedition team. They come from all walks of life, each making their own practical contribution to world conservation. The success of any given project depends on how quickly these individuals can form an effective team. From the purchase of food from the local village and cooking duty to the construction of accommodation, washing and latrine facilities for the expedition, you will soon learn the nature of real exploration, doing things you never thought possible and often taking responsibility not only for yourself, but for everyone around you. Frontier and your future Taking part in a Frontier expedition is a once-in-a lifetime experience which will challenge your practical, physical and mental abilities. Future employers will be impressed with your achievements both in getting there and in succeeding in your expedition.

52. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections to bring power to the people; Nigerian communities Nigeria prequalifies indigenous firms for marginal field PanAfrican Energy to sponsor songo songo gas field http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/company/h_cna_left.htm

Company News BACK Africa: Sonatrach receives finance package from European banks Morocco signs oil exploration agreement with Maersk Oil ONGC's investment in Sudan puts Indian goods back into focus New Nigerian power plant to generate 330 MW ... Lagos Federal High Court approves merger between Total and Elf Petrobras executes new petroleum contract in Angola Sasol confirms gas transmission agreements with Mozambique Uganda chooses six companies to bid for its power sector SN Technigaz consortium to build two LNG tanks in Egypt Phillips, co-venturers and Nigeria to study LNG facility development ... Shell continues Angola exploration Norway helps Zambian power to more efficiency Apache sees Egypt's North Qarun Field extended BHP interested in Angola Scimitar expands exploration block in Mozambique Western Geophysical to survey deepwater offshore Senegal ... Shell Nigeria records 36,000 barrels spill in 1995, most sabotage

53. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections Nigeria urges for indigenous participation in upstream sector; oil and gas sectors; Tanzania s songo songo gas projects project is victory for the people of Chad; http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/news/h_nta_left.htm

News and Trends BACK Africa: Western Cape looking to tap into development of African oil trade East Africa becomes attractive to oil exploration Nigeria plans new oil explorations bidding rounds for 2005 Nigerian oil companies face large investments to develop oil fields ... S. Africa to lease out oil storage as stocks fall

54. East African Coastal Historical Towns. Asiatic Or African? Coupland further observed that, indigenous inhabitants of the in Mombasa, Zanzibar, Kilwa Kisiwani and songo Mnara, in the African roots of the Swahili people. http://www.urban-research.net/consultants.jkimaryo.2000paper1.html

EAST AFRICAN COASTAL HISTORICAL TOWNS Asiatic or African? Jacob L. Kimaryo* A Paper Presented to the Conference: U-landsforskning 2000, January 13-15, 2000, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden (This web version of the paper does not contain graphics and footnotes. To obtain a full version, please contact the author) Abstract per se around the 11th century through the medium of Islam. This cultural and linguistic transformation is believed to have originated in Shungwaya alias Shirazi in the northern coast of Kenya from where it spread southwards to the rest of the East African coast. To conclude, the review shows that although some non-Africans particularly Arabs and Persians were absorbed into Swahili population over the different historical epochs of the East African coast, historic Swahili people remained decidedly African in ancestry and culture. Introduction Asiatic Perspective: Swahili as Predominantly Asiatic Proponents of this view, e.g. Coupland (1956), Hollingsworth (1951), Kickman (1963, 1974), Chittick (1965, 1984), etc., see the historical Swahili as consisting of people of Arabic and Persian origin and from intermarriages between the Asians and African women.

55. Children's Meeting Place indigenous persons from 5 continents The Americas suggested Dona Bernardina and Don Unubeito songo, Qeroindians, The Maj-Doris Rimpi, Sámi people, Sweden Asia http://www.globetree.org/afrika/lakevictorianetwork2004/invitedpersons.html

International Roots Meeting United Nations, Nairobi Invited Persons 13 – 19 Nov. 2004 Guests of Honour Suggested UN Secretary General Kofi Annan and Mrs. Nane Annan Executive Director UNEP Klaus Toepfer Executive Director UN Habitat Anna Tibaijuka Political leaders 1 leader from 5 continents: Suggested Asia: Pak Emil Salim, former Minister for the Environment, Indonesia Africa: Assistant Minister for the Environment Prof. Wangari Maathai To be suggested: The Americas and The Pacific The Golden Key Ceremony Astronaut Loren Acton, Prof. Solar Sciences, Montana State University Cosmonaut Dumitru Dorin Prunariu, Romanian Ambassador to Russia Children and youth (with chaperons) 100 persons from Asia, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific and 250 persons from Africa Indigenous persons from 5 continents The Americas suggested: Dona Bernardina and Don Unubeito Songo, Qero-indians, The Andes, Peru

56. The Optimism: Esence Of The Caribbean side were components from African, indigenous and Oriental Porro, Beguine, Vallenato, Salsa, Timba, songo, Reggae, Merengue the daily lives of the people.” 2. http://www.solardelatimba.com/secund_art/eng_caribe-optimism.htm

Issue # 3 Year 1 Dec-2003 /Jan- 2004 USA OPTIMISM: the essence of the Caribbean E very piece of music is inspired by a philosophical concept, and the popular music of the Caribbean is the most important cultural expression of its people. In the broad spectrum of this music it can be seen how it takes its formation and direction from common beliefs. In the last century, it is clear that the most universal and influential rhythms used in Anglo-Saxon music have come from the Caribbean, much more so than the reverse. While the Spanish, French and English brought their variety of melodies and their wide variety of instruments to the modern sounds, at their side were components from African, indigenous and Oriental cultures. From this intermingling of methodologies, races, and cultures there developed other songs and rhythms which truly make a memorable music. Such music includes: Son, Cumbia, Calypso, Bolero, Guaracha, Mambo, Chachacha, Bomba, Plena, the Gaita, Jibara, Porro, Beguine, Vallenato, Salsa, Timba, Songo, Reggae, Merengue, Tamborera, Copas, Salve, Carbine, Bullerengue, Mejorana, Rumba, Latin Jazz and Cuban Jazz. ORIGINAL OPTIMISM While there are other anthropological and philosophical aspects of the Caribbean which we could consider, such as: hedonism, sensuality, collectivism, improvisation, freedom, identity, nature, religion and extroversion, this article will focus only on its optimism. When one thinks of the Caribbean, one cannot help but smile.

57. WallStreetReporter.com is currently a pipeline being built from songo songo to the area, yet it has very little indigenous gas supply. I’m feeling a bit cocky and people ask what we http://www.wallstreetreporter.com/linked/BountyOil.html

Roundtables IPO Reporter International Features ... HOME PAGE Wall Street Reporter Weekly News Magazine Subscribe!! ASX:BUY Industry: Interview With: Tom Fontaine Managing Director Dated November 12, 2003 Click here if you don't hear audio Level 1, 47 Havelock Street West Perth WA 6005 Phone Fax Email admin@bountyoil.com Tom Fontaine Managing Director Edward (Ted) Ellyard Non-Executive Chairman Leith Wale Non-Executive Director Kim Gardiner

58. Friday American Icons Panel 29 indigenous Memory/indigenous Writing Luncheon including Rain of Gold, Jury The People vs of a wide range of styles, from songo to rock http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/chavez/nov02anncmnts.htm

OCTOBER 2002 Announcements Friday, November 1, 2002 : Noche de Palabra ( FREE) at Self Help Graphics , 3802 Cesar Chavez Blvd. from 7:00 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. Join us for an evening of poetry and spoken word. The talented Tatalejos performance troupe will perform theatrical skits. Saturday November 2, 2002 : Self Help Graphics , 3802 Cesar Chavez Blvd. time? 12:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m. what? FREE art workshops!!! You will have the opportunity to create culturally inspired art objects such as papel picado, luminarias, paper mache, mask making, sugar skull decorating, flower making, face painting, and murals! weekend event that promotes literacy, culture and education in a fun environment for the whole family. The festival is held in key Hispanic markets across the country. November 2-3, 2002. Angeles to promote literacy, culture and education and to provide people of all ages and backgrounds the opportunity to celebrate the diversity of the multicultural communities in the United States in a festival atmosphere. The 2000 Los Angeles festival drew 55,500 visitors, with 800 plus exhibitors, making it the

59. Richard Price & Sally Price - RPcv Kambel, Resource Conflicts, Gender and indigenous Rights in 1992 “Statement by Gaama songo, Paramount Chief of the Saramaka People,” transcribed and http://www.richandsally.net/newsletter.htm

@import "images/bookends-with-palette-65.css"; /* */ Home Books Coming Soon RP with fish (Saramaka, 1968) RP tending shop (Martinique, 1986) RP with Cuban poet Nancy Morejon (Martinique, 1990s) Richard Price Curriculum Vitae EDUCATION Ph.D. 1970 Social Anthropology, Harvard University 1963-64 École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris A.B. 1963 History and Literature. Phi Beta Kappa, Harvard University ACADEMIC POSITIONS 2003 Visiting Professor, Departments of Anthropology and History, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 2002 Directeur d'Études Invité, Section Sciences Religieuses (Sorbonne), École Pratiques des Hautes Études, Paris 1998 Visiting Professor, Department of History, Universidade Federal de Bahia (Brazil) 1994 Rockefeller Humanities Fellow, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida 1992 Fellow, Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies, Princeton University 1989-present Comité Scientifique, Musée Régional de Guyane (Cayenne) 1989-90 Marta Sutton Weeks Senior Fellow, Stanford Humanities Center 1987-88 Visiting Professor, Inst. of International Studies, University of Minnesota

60. SIERRA LEONE into the Sierra Leone estuary, and songo Town, 30 country consists, however, chiefly in its indigenous trees of swear, called Poro, to compel the people to join http://45.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SI/SIERRA_LEONE.htm

SIERRA LEONE SIERRA LEONE The Sierra Leone peninsula, the site of the oldest British settlement, lies between the estuary of the same name and Yawry Bay to the south. It is traversed on its seaward face by hills attaining a height of 1700 ft. in the Sugar Loaf, and nearly as much in Mount Herton farther south. The hills consist of a kind of granite and of beds of red sandstone, the disintegration of which has given a darkcoloured ferruginous soil of moderate fertility. Sugar Loaf is timbered to the top, and the peninsula is verdant with abundant vegetation. The development of commerce with the rich regions north and east of the protectorate has been hindered by the diversion of trade to the French port of Konakry, which in 1910 was placed in railway communication with the upper Niger. Moreover, the main trade road from Konakry to the middle Niger skirts the N.E. frontier of the protectorate for some distance. Sierra Leone is thus forced to look to its economic development within the bounds of the protectorate. Freetown is the headquarters of the British army in West Africa, and a force of infantry, engineers and artillery is maintained there. The colony itself provides a battalion of the West African Frontier Force, a body responsible to the Colonial Office.

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