61. Indigenous Knowledge Literature Protection and Compensation for indigenous peoples and Local The Value of indigenous Knowledge in Development Programs Concerning somali Pastoralists and http://www.kivu.com/wbbook/ikliterature.html

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE LITERATURE The selections included in this list are intended to assist the reader in broadening information on topics in the handbook and also to suggest where case studies can be found. There are very few titles that directly describe how to include traditional knowledge in development projects, but this list includes most that are available. Finally, because indigenous resource rights, indigenous intellectual property rights and land ownership are complicated topics, some of the references refer to these issues. Abel, K. and J. Friesen. 1991. Aboriginal Resource Use in Canada; Historical and Legal Aspects. 343 pp. Umiversity of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg. Adamowicz, W., T. Beckley, and W. Phillips 1998. "In Search of Forest Resource Values on Indigenous peoples: Are Nonmarket Valuation Techniques Applicable?" Society and Natural Resources 11(1):51-66. Agrawal, Arun. 1995. "Neither Having One's Cake, Nor Eating It; Intellectual Property Rights and 'Indigenous' Knowledge." Common Property Resource Digest 36:1-5. Akimichi, Tomoya. 1995. "Indigenous Resource Management and Sustainable Development: Case Studies from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia." Anthropological Science 103(4):321-327.

62. Indigenous People And Natural Policy Home Page [Project] Many NGO newsletters and publications, environmental journals and other specific indigenous area resources can Ex f kw somali nomad peoples of the Earth, 1972 http://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/espm-166/project.html

[Go Back to Main] [Project Methodology Index] [Getting Started] [Researching] ... [Final Methodology] I. GETTING STARTED You may or may not be new to the region and development related problem that you are researching. If you are having trouble getting off to a start on your research effort then try some of these ideas to rouse your mental processes. The following are just a few suggestions that could be both helpful and fun. A. Check out local book stores Sections to inspect: 1. Travel / photography - browse through travel guides Check out and photo books of the country-side 2. Area studies - check out categories such as Economics, Political Science, etc to get a perspective of your area. B. Check out newspapers FROM your country Places that carry international newspapers: 1. Newspaper stands 2. Hoover Institute at Stanford (for more details see Section II) 3. International Studies Library on campus C. Examine maps of the country and region

63. Choike : Human Rights . Strengthening somali Civil Society The overall objective of cultural heritage, human and peoples rights. environmental issues and indigenous peoples struggles http://www.choike.org/nuevo_eng/5/1/more7.html

var category = '5'; var subcategory = '1'; Directory NGO sites This site Directory In-depth Reports Campaigns News ... CONTACT Categorias(category); SubCategorias(category,subcategory); Human Rights recommended Egyptian Center For Housing Rights- ECHR NGO that specializes in claming and defending the right to adequate housing, particularly for the most disadvantaged sectors of society. Egypt. Strengthening Somali Civil Society The overall objective of the project is the achievement of permanent respect for human rights, justice through rule of law, pluralism, good governance and sustainable peace in Somalia and Somaliland. Al Mezan Center for Human Rights Palestinian organization based in Jabalia Refugee Camp, in the heart of the Gaza Strip, working for the protection of the rights of the Palestinian and the democratization of society. NGO sites Rape Crisis Rape Crisis is a women's organisation committed to ending violence against women. Activities: counselling, education, training, research and lobbying. South Africa. Resources Aimed at the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (RAPCAM) RAPCAN is commited to developing child abuse prevention strategies to combat the patterns of abuse which affect the lives of children and adults. They do this through training adults, informing children, materials dissemination and advocacy. South Africa.

64. Africa Fire Eyes A somali woman filmmaker who was places on earth, we meet indigenous people who survive Living in africa african Solutions to african Problems A five http://www.filmakers.com/AFRICAN.htm

FILMAKERS LIBRARY AFRICA New Entries in Red Africa in the 21st Century Africa is a continent fraught with problems. This series spotlights five former Western colonies (Somalia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, and Zimbabwe), putting in clear perspective the gravity of the situation that wars, refugees, famine and disease have brought on them. Globalization has forced some African nations into heavy debt. While industrial nations argue for human rights, the series shows that there are survival issues that may be even more pressing more Africa I Remember A black musician and composer bridges two cultures: West African music with roots in the 13th century and classical European music. ( more AIDS in Africa This compelling look at the AIDS crisis in Africa, reports on its effect in such countries as Uganda, Zaire, the Ivory Coast, Burundi, Rwanda, South Africa and others. ( more The Angel Returns A Somalian woman uses all methods at her disposal to change the mindset of her people about circumcision more Asante Market Women from the Disappearing World series This film focuses on the asssertive market women of Ghana who are subordinate in domestic matters but are powerful in the marketplace ( more Asylum This powerful documentary chronicles a Ghanaian young woman’s desperate attempt to escape the ritual of female circumcision in her native land

65. Africa zones of East and West Hararge, Dire Dawa, and somali in eastern MN 55344 General Information info@pff.net For Every People An indigenous Church For http://www.pff.net/Projects/projafr.htm

Frontier Peoples in Africa (GIVING STATUS E = expandable C = capped) Project Descriptions #E-040060 Afar, Ethiopia, CG #E-040060 Afar Country Ethiopia CG EECMY None Islam pffnet-afar @yahoogroups.com Afar is a state in northeast Ethiopia with a population of 1.1 million, almost all of whom are members of the Afar tribe. They are 99.2% Muslim. In 1994 only 2.7% of the people attended school. Even today many are nomadic animal herders. Our PCUSA partner church in Ethiopia, The Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY), has had contacts with these people since 1990, including bringing education to some of them. Some of the region's government officials received their own education through the EECMY, and are now asking the EECMY to help their people with services such as veterinary, literacy, water, grinding mills, tree nursery and hostel works. The PCUSA has partnered with the EECMY to undertake these opportunities in a careful and sensitive way as part of a holistic ministry. Already some Afar people have responded to the Gospel. Our funding helps train literacy workers who witness to Christ through word and deeds. We also provide materials to help with their work. (KV) #E-040019 Dawro, Ethiopia

66. African Ark: People And Ancient Cultures Of Ethiopia And The Horn Of Africa - Bo Other handsome peoples they depict include the desert Afar, Beja and Rashaida, the somali nomads of if uninspired text covers indigenous societies, cultures http://www.bookfinder.us/review1/0810919028.html

African Ark: People and Ancient Cultures of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa Ethiopia History Book Review AUTHOR: Carol Beckwith, Angela Fisher (Photographer) ISBN: 0810919028 Compare Price for This Book History Africa History Ethiopia History Editorial Reviews from Amazon African Ark: People and Ancient Cultures of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa - Book Review, by Carol Beckwith, Angela Fisher (Photographer) From Publishers Weekly From Library Journal Buy this Book from Amazon.com Compare Prices for this Book African Ark: People and Ancient Cultures of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa - Book Reviews, by Carol Beckwith, Angela Fisher (Photographer) Annotation 300 illustrations, 240 in full color, maps, 320 pages, 10-1/4 x 13-7/8". A fascinating look at one of the last relatively unexplored regions of Africa. From the Publisher African Ark a true celebration of the lives of those who still inhabit the cradle of mankind. From The Critics Publisher's Weekly Library Journal Beckwith and Fisher's visually stunning pictorials of African cultures (they have worked separately on earlier books about the Masai and Fulani) combine beautiful photos of people and objects with easy-to-read explanatory texts sprinkled with charming line drawings. Joining forces here, with the literary assistance of journalist Hancock, they focus on probably the least understood and most ``exotic'' African region. Each chapter covers a different people among Ethiopia's remarkably diverse cultures: Coptic Christians, Falasha Jews, Somali Moslems, and traditional animists. Lacking an index and extensive bibliography, the book's value as a research tool is limited, yet as visual documentation of little-known cultures and art forms it is strongly recommended. Eugene C. Burt, Seattle

67. Horn Of Africa Review July 20 - August 30 1996 of the Global Coalition for africa (GCA) met to convene peace talks between warring somali factions, but of safe havens for the indigenous people of Uganda s http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/eue_web/hoa0896.htm

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia HORN OF AFRICA The Monthly Review This update covers the period 20 July - 30 August 1996 The following is the fourth in a series of updates prepared by the UNDP Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia (UNDP/EUE) on the general situation in the countries of the Horn of Africa. Updates cover events in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Somalia and Uganda. Information in this update has been obtained from UN, NGOs and media reports; reference is made to the sources as appropriate. No claims are made by the EUE as to the accuracy of these reports. IGAD The Rwandan government has asked to join the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development - IGAD (currently comprised of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda and Somalia) and the East African Co-operation (comprised of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania) in an effort to boost the country's economic recovery. The request was announced by the Rwandan President, Pasteur Bizimungu, at the end of a four day visit to Kampala in early August. (IRIN, Nairobi, 12-18 August) **** It is now anticpated that consultations will take place in Addis Ababa from 9 September to review and refine the project profiles previously presented to the donor community by IGAD. Participants will include members of the IGAD Secretariat, experts from IGAD member states and international partners. **** A tentative date has also been set for the official launching of the revitalised IGAD, now expected to take place 25-26 November 1996 in Djibouti. (United Nations, Addis Ababa, August) ****

68. Adherents.com: By Location and almost 100% of the somali population are to church planting among both african and Asian people. african indigenous churches, South africa, 1,500,000, , 2,400 http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_299.html

Adherents.com - Religion by Location Over 42,000 religious geography and religion statistics citations (membership statistics for over 4,000 different religions, denominations, tribes, etc.) for every country in the world. To Index back to Solomon Islands, Islam Solomon Islands, continued... Group Where Number of Adherents % of total pop. Number of congreg./ churches/ units Number of countries Year Source Quote/ Notes Jehovah's Witnesses Solomon Islands units The Orwellian World of Jehovah's Witnesses . Toronto: University of Toronto Press (1984), pg. 53-59. Table: "1983 Service Year Report of JWs Worldwide "; Adherent count here is from "1983 Peak Publishers " column Jehovah's Witnesses Solomon Islands units *LINK* official organization web site Adherent/member count is for "1997 Peak Witnesses "; Memorial attendance (annual sacrament meeting) for same year: 5,442. Jehovah's Witnesses Solomon Islands units *LINK* Jehovah's Witnesses official web site; section: "Statistics "; web page: "Worldwide Report " (viewed 16 April 1999). Table: "1998 Report of Jehovah's Witnesses Worldwide "; This adherent/member count is for "1998 Peak Witnesses "

69. AllAfrica.com: Kenya [analysis]: Echoes From Lost Somali Clans followed by Asians and Arabs, with indigenous Africans, referred to but shall not include the somali and the between the civilised Mohammedan peoples and the http://allafrica.com/stories/200405050292.html

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70. Case à Palabres Du BDP-Gabon Nouveau - George Unveils Africa's Profound Backwar t go to africa because they love black people so much problems, back in 1994 following the somali debacle roots and building upon its own indigenous institutions http://www.bdpgabon.org/dcforum/international/90.shtml

Le BDPiste Journal d'information du BDP-Gabon Nouveau Désormais disponible! Commandez-le Vendredi 11 juin 2004 New Jersey bdpgabon.org forums votre opinion compte: exprimez-vous. accueil vote forums chat ... communiqués Case à Palabres du BDP-Gabon Nouveau Sujet: "George Unveils Africa's Profound backwardness" Précédente Suivante Format d'impression Envoyer ce sujet à un(e) ami(e) Conférences L'arbre à palabres africaines et internationales Discussion 90 Discussion 90 BAPTISTE Membre depuis 6-juil-03 Auteur de : 11 messages sur ce forum 15-août-03, 00h51 (Heure de: New Jersey) "George Unveils Africa's Profound backwardness" George Unveils Africa's Profound backwardness A BROKEN CONTINENT Africa is a continent that seemingly defies analysis. Its prospects for the new millennium are grim. The least-developed region in the Third World while all other regions have made some, albeit difficult progress, sub-Saharan Africa continues to be mired in crushing debt, poverty, squalor and social destitution. Economic success stories in Africa are pitifully few. War, disease, state terrorism and wanton carnage have devastated a continent that once had hope and continue to sap the vitality of its resilient people. (Senseless wars) have disrupted economic activity especially agriculture uprooted people, and sent refugees streaming across borders. Africa's refugee population has risen sharply in recent years.

71. Business & Human Rights: Indigenous Peoples - Current Business and Human Rights a resource website. indigenous peoples 1 Jan. 2002 to present. See also other materials on "indigenous peoples" NEW the rights of indigenous peoples. In order to stay http://www.reports-and-materials.org/Indigenous-current.htm

back to home Business and Human Rights: a resource website Indigenous peoples: 1 Jan. 2002 to present See also other materials on "Indigenous peoples" NEW (recent additions to this section; top item is most recent addition) ILO launches first global report on discrimination at work - Says workplace discrimination remains a persistent global problem, with new, more subtle forms emerging (International Labour Organization, 12 May 2003) full report: Time for Equality at Work (International Labour Organization, Apr. 2003) Suit Says ChevronTexaco Dumped Poisons in Ecuador - A group of American lawyers representing more than 30,000 indigenous people in Ecuador filed a $1 billion lawsuit against the ChevronTexaco Corporation yesterday. The suit was filed in Ecuador on behalf of 88 plaintiffs in Lago Agrio, a small oil town in northern Ecuador, and asserts that during two decades of operation, from 1971 to 1992, ChevronTexaco dumped over four million gallons a day of toxic wastewater, contaminated with oil, heavy metals and carcinogens into open pits, estuaries and rivers. It also says the company left behind nearly 350 open waste pits that killed people and animals. (Abby Ellin, New York Times , 8 May 2003) Ecuadorean Indians sue Texaco -...They are also alleging the company's activities have led to an increased risk of cancer among the local population.

72. Lycaeum > Leda > Chewing Khat Together: From Indigenous Practice To Internationa on the author s own research among somali refugees in may vary individually, it generally makes people feel more Khat is used in indigenous medical systems in http://leda.lycaeum.org/Documents/Chewing_khat_together:_from_indigenous_practic

Lycaeum Leda Documents What's New ... Announcements Leda About Leda Chemicals Taxonomy Preparations ... Links Lycaeum Homepage Forums Chat Hosted Sites ... FedWatch Referrers Sponsor Chewing khat together: from indigenous practice to international issue Khat use as a positive social custom Chewing khat together: from indigenous practice to international issue Angelique Beekhuis In view of the increasing use of khat worldwide, and the negative international attention caused by official uncertainty concerning this once indigenous practice, the present article surveys the various uses of khat, and advocates not only further research but also a positive approach to khat use as a social event. Botanical specifications The shrub khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) has a slender trunk with smooth, thin bark. The lancet-shaped leaves are between 0.5 and 10cm long and 0.5 to 5cm wide. Young leaves are a reddish green, later turning to yellow-green. In areas with frost, the shrub grows no higher than 1.5 meters, but in places with more rainfall, like the highlands of Ethiopia and areas near the equator, khat trees can reach 20 metres. Khat is known by a variety of names, many of them phonetic transcriptions of the most commonly used Arabic khat: catha, kat, qat, ciat, tsjat and ch'at. The term mira or miraa is also common, particularly in areas of Kenya (UN 1956:7; Kennedy 1987:176-177). Khat is native to the eastern and southern regions of Africa, but it is grown extensively as a cash crop in Ethiopia, Yemen and the northern provinces of Kenya. It is also socially and economically important in the neighbouring areas of Somalia and Djibouti.

73. Profile Of The Dorobo Peoples Of Kenya And Tanzania A cultural profile of the group of peoples traditionally referred to as Dorobo, in the East African countries of Kenya and Tanzania. The Dorobo are various unrelated indigenous peoples. Southern http://www.geocities.com/orvillejenkins/profiles/dorobo.html

Profiles Menu Orville Jenkins Home People Profile The Dorobo Peoples of Kenya and Tanzania Population Religion : Animism Status : 1% Christian Location : The "Dorobo" are not one tribe. Rather, the term Dorobo referred to the original forest-dwelling hunters in the Rift Valley of what is now Kenya and Tanzania. These peoples live in scattered groups in the plains of the Rift Valley and the forests of the neighboring escarpments. History : Southern Cushite peoples, followed by Eastern Cushites, settled in East Africa's Rift Valley during the first millennium after Christ. They found San (Bushmen) peoples already here. Bantu traditions refer to these early peoples whom their ancestors found there. Early Nilotes, then various waves of Bantu and later Nilotes subsequently came into the area. The Kikuyu refer to a people in Central Province as the Athi (the ground people), after the source the names Athi Plains and Athi River. Oral traditions say the Kikuyu paid the Athi to move into their land. The Athi seem to be either the Cushites or the original San people. (The Sandawe and the Hadzapi in northern Tanzania still speak San languages. The Bantu name "Twa" for the pygmies in Rwanda-Burundi-Zaire is the same word the Zulus use for the Khoisan click-language speakers they found in their early migrations into what is now Natal Province. There is still a San tribe there today called Twa.)

74. BBC NEWS | Africa | SA Herders Win Back Diamond Land indigenous, unwritten, law is now recognised as having land back for the Richtersveld people after nearly http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3192000.stm

News Sport Weather World Service ... Programmes LANGUAGES Last Updated: Tuesday, 14 October, 2003, 20:48 GMT 21:48 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version SA herders win back diamond land The land has been mined for around 70 years South African herders evicted from diamond-rich land in the 1920s could be in line for huge compensation. South Africa's highest court said the Richtersveld community had been removed under racist laws and was entitled to have land and mineral rights returned. The ruling ends a five-year battle with the state mining company Alexkor. Campaigners say the decision could have repercussions in other countries where tribal lands are exploited for mineral wealth. Lawyers for the state told local media that the ruling could leave a 10bn-rand ($1.4bn) hole in the government budget. In its judgement, the Constitutional Court said: "The Richtersveld Community is entitled... to restitution of the right to ownership of the subject land (including its minerals and precious stones) and to the exclusive beneficial use and occupation thereof." Nomad eviction The Richtersveld area in the Northern Cape includes a narrow stretch of mineral-rich land along the Orange River that forms the border between South Africa and Namibia.

75. BBC NEWS | World | Africa | Ivorian Cocoa Farmers Shot Dead Hundreds of nonindigenous farmers, who form the backbone for the attacks although some people accuse the Select. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3533889.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Programmes LANGUAGES Last Updated: Thursday, 4 March, 2004, 16:50 GMT E-mail this to a friend Printable version Ivorian cocoa farmers shot dead Many non-indigenous people have been hounded off cocoa plantations Several people have been killed in an attack at a village in Gagnoa, Ivory Coast's leading cocoa-growing area. Correspondents say at least 10 people were killed after armed men opened fire at unsuspecting villagers. Regional council vice-president Marc Gbaka told Reuters news agency that 11 people had died and 14 were injured following the raid. Gagnoa region produces a quarter of Ivory Coast's annual average cocoa harvest of 1.2 million tonnes. Hundreds of non-indigenous farmers, who form the backbone of cocoa workers in Ivory Coast, were chased from plantations around Gagnoa in October last year after a dispute over land rights and the buying of cocoa beans. Cycle of violence Journalist Pauline Bax in Ivory Coast, told the BBC Focus on Africa programme that the area has a history of immigrants being chased from the cocoa plantations and political tension is very high there. "It is not clear yet who is responsible for the attacks although some people accuse the northerners of carrying out the attacks," she said.

76. Ancient Egyptians - The Descendents Of Ham Ethiopians, Oromo (Galla), Afar (Danakil), somali, Masai, Watusi They are the indigenous people of this area, and we are an ancient Cushitic people closely kin http://www.geocities.com/wally_mo/reference.html

The Descendents of Ham Hamite 1. a descendant of Ham. Gen. 10:1, 6-10. 2. a member of any of various peoples of northern and eastern Africa, usually divided into two branches: 1. Eastern Branch— Ancient and Modern Egyptians (excluding the Arabs), Nubians, Beja, Ethiopians, Oromo (Galla), Afar (Danakil), Somali, Masai, Watusi. 2. Northern Branch— Berbers of the Mediterranean-Atlantic and Sahara, Tibbu, Fulani (Peul), Guanches (extinct). Hamitic The Hamitic subfamily is generally considered to include ancient Egyptian (see Egyptian language) and its descendant, Coptic; the Berber languages; and the Cushitic languages. Ancient Egyptian and Coptic are extinct. Some linguists also place the Chad languages within the Hamitic subfamily. Those Hamitic tongues are or were spoken in N Africa, much of the Sahara, the Horn of E Africa, and parts of central and W Africa. They were named after Ham, the second son of the biblical Noah, whose descendants supposedly were the original speakers of the Hamitic languages. Berbers (?)

77. Human Genome Project Patenting Indigenous People in the Kalihari Desert) and certain somali communities; the of how DNA, and in particular indigenous DNA, is able to collect samples from the people of Tristan http://www.dartmouth.edu/~cbbc/courses/bio4/bio4-1996/HumanGenome3rdWorld.html

Human Genome Project Patenting Indigenous People from an email list (Third World Network Features), 2/23/96 Abstract About the writers : Hilary Cunningham is Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame. Stephen Scharper is Visiting John A O' Brien Instructor, Department of Theology, University of Notre Dame. Third World Network Features On 14 March 1995, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) obtained a patent on the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid the basic constituent of the gene) of an indigenous man from the Hagahai, a people who live in a remote region of Papua New Guinea. The NIH patent established claim on a cell line in the Hagahai male which is linked to adult leukaemia. The DNA, it is presumed, will assist scientists in understanding the enhancement or suppression of an immune response to a leukaemia-associated virus. The Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) is at the vortex of this controversy. Established in 1991, the HGDP brought together anthropologists and geneticists concerned that the Human Genome Project betrayed an ethnocentric bias. It was, they claimed, too narrowly focused on Anglo-European populations. Aspiring for a more diverse and therefore more extensive catalogue of human genes, these scientists felt that a broader sampling of ethnic populations would not only better the project's goal to combat common human diseases, but also assist anthropological efforts to reconstruct the story of human evolution and explore issues of human adaptation. The HGDP today represents an informal consortium of international scientists and universities who aspire to collect information on human genome variation.

78. SOMALI BANTU - Their History And Culture next seven centuries with the indigenous African population. During this time, the Swahili people expanded their including ancestral tribes of the somali Bantu http://www.culturalorientation.net/bantu/sbhist.html

culturalorientation.net -home SOMALI BANTU CULTURE PROFILE CHAPTER C ONTENTS P REFACE ... ORDER A PRINT COPY SCROLL TO: Colonial Period Slavery Social Impact of Slavery After Slavery ... Post Civil War History Persian and Arab traders established business contacts with east Africans over 1,000 years ago. These relations, coupled with refugees who fled the turmoil in Arabia after the death of the prophet Muhammad in the 7 th century, resulted in a significant number of Arab immigrants residing on the coast of east Africa. The mixing of the coastal Bantu-speaking African peoples with these Arab immigrants led to the emergence of the Swahili people and language. The Swahili people lived and worked for the next seven centuries with the indigenous African population. During this time, the Swahili people expanded their trade and communication further inland and to the south with other African groups, including ancestral tribes of the Somali Bantu. Colonial Period By the time the Portuguese arrived in the 15 th century, there existed a modern economy and advanced society on the east coast of Africa that some claim rivaled those in Europe. Portuguese colonial rule, however, disrupted the traditional local economic networks on the east African coast, resulting in a general breakdown of the once prosperous Swahili economy.

79. SOMALI BANTU - Their History And Culture Until the 1920s, the Bantu people of Goshaland were were either assimilated into the indigenous Bantu/Jareer River or incorporated into other somali clans such http://www.culturalorientation.net/bantu/sbpeop.html

culturalorientation.net -home SOMALI BANTU CULTURE PROFILE CHAPTER C ONTENTS P REFACE ... ORDER A PRINT COPY SCROLL TO: Place in Society Social Structures People Many Bantu refugees can trace their origins back to ancestors in southeast African tribes who were enslaved in the 18 th century by agents of the Sultanate of Zanzibar. These ancestral tribes include, among others, the Makua and Yao of southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique; the Ngindo of southern Tanzania; the Nyasa of southern Tanzania, northern Mozambique, and northern Malawi; and the Zaramo and Zigua of northeast Tanzania. Other southeast African tribes represented among the Bantu refugees include the Digo, Makale, Manyawa, Nyamwezi, and Nyika. The Bantu slated for resettlement, especially those who fled the once forested Juba River valley, are politely referred to as Wagosha ("people of the forest") or Jareer (term used to describe Africans with hard or kinky hair). Derogatory terms to describe the Somali Bantu include

80. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results Yoruba, Ibo, Hausa, Ashanti, Masai, Kikuyu, somali, Ethiopian, Egyptian few reminders are left of the indigenous Khoikhoi, a diminutive people, peaceful and http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_thesauru

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