1. MBIRA instrument to the Shona, Bantu, Meru, Gogo, and soga cultures. Used to contact ancestors and tribal cultural role to the indigenous peoples of africa. The Mbira is musically http://9waysmysteryschool.tripod.com/sacredsoundtools/id25.html

MBIRA Home ASMAT FUE BERIMBAU BONPO SHANG ... HANS JENNY MBIRA PYTHAGORAS RATTLES SHOFAR SINGING BELLS ... INFORMATION Sacred Sound Tools photograph by Mitch Nur In the West we know this instrument as a thumb piano or kalimba, but in its native country of Africa it as called mbira, sansa, likembe, malimba, neikembe, or ikembe. It is both a sacred and secular instrument to the Shona, Bantu, Meru, Gogo, and Soga cultures. Used to contact ancestors and tribal guardians, chase away harmful spirits, weather control, cure illness, and impart a strong life force. During the colonial period in Africa the missionaries taught that the mbira was evil and discouraged the use of the instrument, but since independence it has regained its important cultural role to the indigenous peoples of Africa. The Mbira is musically classified in the 'plucked idiophone' group of musical instruments. It has one or more rows of metal keys or tongs mounted on a wood soundboard which is mounted on a dried gourd which acts as a resonator. It is easy to play by gently striking the ends of the keys with the thumbs. To learn more about the Mbira To find an Mbira

2. D. East Africa. 2001. The Encyclopedia Of World History grain cultivators, while Bantu peoples practiced forest agriculture based such as the Ganda, soga, Nkore, and Bunyoro into the developing indigenous language, Swahili, in the http://www.bartleby.com/67/347.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The Encyclopedia of World History d. East Africa PREVIOUS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. d.

3. Public Anthropology Ames, David. The Use of a Traditional ClothMoney Token among the Wolof. American Anthropologist October, 1955 Vol. 57 ( 5)1016-1023. money in different areas of africa, mainly Gambia and Senegal the Basoga people. The soga political system is an example culture and that of the indigenous peoples of the region http://www.publicanthropology.org/Archive/AA1955.htm

(c) Robert Borofsky (Webmaster, 2004) Ames, David. The Use of a Traditional Cloth-Money Token among the Wolof. American Anthropologist October, 1955 Vol. 57 ( 5):1016-1023. This article discusses the different uses of cloth money in different areas of Africa, mainly Gambia and Senegal. Cloth money was used before the 20 th CLARITY: 3 JESSICA SAVAGE: Denison University (Bahram Tavakolian) Arensberg, Conrad. American Communities. American Anthropologist. December, 1955 Vol. 57 (6):1143-1161. Conrad M. Arensberg, a professor from Columbia University, discusses the community-study method, and how this method addresses American cultures. Although all cultures are unique, there are common traits occurring among all cultures or subcultures. He incorporates the findings from Mumford, who wrote The Culture of Cities in 1937. Mumford stated that there is a pattern of study of among American cultures. Arensberg asserts that there are five main criteria of all cultures, and these elements are fundamental to analyze for methodological arenas. The first variable is individuals. What are the individuals’ characteristics or identities? The second element is spaces such as the boundaries of the community. Another factor is time. Arensberg studies how the culture "occupy their space in time" such as calendars or schedules. He adopts a structural-functionalist perspective. What is the purpose or the "social survival" of the culture? Lastly, what is the structure or process of the community? All of these elements are crucial in understanding the dynamics of communities.

4. Dictionary Of The Taino Language of words of the indigenous peoples of caribbean is from the fiame, se trajo de africa con la importacíon de los Cordel o soga delgada, hecha de majagua o maguey http://www.taino-tribe.org/terms1.htm

DICTIONARY TAINO INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE CARIBBEAN This dictionary of words of the indigenous peoples of caribbean is from the encyclopedia "Clásicos de Puerto Rico, second edition, publisher, Ediciones Latinoamericanas. S.A., 1972" It was compiled by Puerto Rican historian Dr. Cayetano Coll y Toste of the "Real Academia de la Historia." He describes as "vocabulario indo-antillano." It may possibly be the most comprehensive collection of Taino words ever compiled and it is well documented. For the purpose of clarification, Dr. Coll y Toste includes words which have been incorporated into language, but are not Taino. An example is Mabí, which is of African derivation. I do not know if this encyclopedia is still in print, but I highly reccomend it. If it all can be obtained do it. Aside from the dictionary, Coll y Toste's writing is descriptive, well documened, and wonderful reading. The remainder of the encyclopedia, seven volumes in all, is a treasure of Puerto Rican history and culture. If I may offer a word of advice. Please do not take this dictionary (or anyone else's work) as "Gospel." Though Dr. Coll y Toste does a fine job, as you will find, many times he disagrees with the findings of others who had previously documented these same words. Most of his disagreements center on spelling and pronunciation, not meaning.

5. Dictionary Of The Taino Language This dictionary of words of the indigenous peoples of caribbean fruto, el fiame, se trajo de africa con la Cabuya. Cordel o soga delgada, hecha de majagua o http://members.dandy.net/~orocobix/terms1.htm

DICTIONARY TAINO INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE CARIBBEAN This dictionary of words of the indigenous peoples of caribbean is from the encyclopedia "Clásicos de Puerto Rico, second edition, publisher, Ediciones Latinoamericanas. S.A., 1972" It was compiled by Puerto Rican historian Dr. Cayetano Coll y Toste of the "Real Academia de la Historia." He describes as "vocabulario indo-antillano." It may possibly be the most comprehensive collection of Taino words ever compiled and it is well documented. For the purpose of clarification, Dr. Coll y Toste includes words which have been incorporated into language, but are not Taino. An example is Mabí, which is of African derivation. I do not know if this encyclopedia is still in print, but I highly reccomend it. If it all can be obtained do it. Aside from the dictionary, Coll y Toste's writing is descriptive, well documened, and wonderful reading. The remainder of the encyclopedia, seven volumes in all, is a treasure of Puerto Rican history and culture. If I may offer a word of advice. Please do not take this dictionary (or anyone else's work) as "Gospel." Though Dr. Coll y Toste does a fine job, as you will find, many times he disagrees with the findings of others who had previously documented these same words. Most of his disagreements center on spelling and pronunciation, not meaning.

6. Untitled by steamer from West africa to Cape Town and around stood between the indigenous peoples and their exploitation by Women leaders included Mina soga, social worker and first http://www.bu.edu/sth/focus/shifting_southward.htm

S PRING With complete texts by members of the STH community Focus is published by the Boston University School of Theology Office of Development and Alumni Relations Contact Us Staff Shifting Southward: Global Christianity Since 1945 Dana L. Robert Truman Collins Professor of World Mission From December 12 to 29, 1938, the most representative meeting of world Protestantism to date took place in Tambaram, India. Under the gathering storm clouds of World War II, with parts of China already under Japanese occupation, with Hitler triumphant in the Sudetenland, and with Stalinism in full swing, 471 persons from sixty-nine countries met at Madras Christian College for the second decennial meeting of the International Missionary Council (IMC). The central theme that drew so many to India at a time of multiple global crises was "the upbuilding of the younger churches as a part of the historic universal Christian community." With Protestant missions bearing fruit in many parts of the world, the time was ripe for "younger" non-Western churches to take their places alongside older Western denominations in joint consideration of the universal church's faith, witness, and social realities and responsibilities. The roster of attendees reads like a who's who of mid-twentieth-century world Christianity.

7. Finding Aid Detail and Institutional Change in the soga Political System " Fallers investigated the role indigenous peoples and Cultures of africa, " Foreign Service Institute, Department of State http://ead.lib.uchicago.edu:8080/oneDocument.jsp?id='ICU.SPCL.FALLERS'&keywo

8. ★ Reviews Of Books About Africa Muganda. The customary name of the soga is the African Fractals Modern Computing and indigenous Design. Published in the diaspora) were a peoples without and http://africa.vacationbookreview.com/africa_28.html

Related Vacation Book Subjects: VacationBookReview afghanistan albania More Pages: africa Page 1 Books to read if you're planning a vacation in "africa" , sorted by average review score: Africa in the Global Economy Published in Hardcover by Lynne Rienner Publishers (February, 2000) Author: Richard E. Mshomba Average review score: The African economic situation explained Richard Mshomba's "Africa in the Global Economy" presents an excellent analysis of both the situation and causation of economic conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The economic policies of African countries in combination with the trade policies of developed countries have both contributed to the lack of real economic growth. My summary of the book would be this - African countries have continued to shoot themselves in the foot while developed countries, like the U.S., have held the gun. For anyone with any interest in international economics, this is truly a great read. A great book about sub-Saharan Africa. Read it! Mshomba's "Africa in the Global Economy" is by far the best book I have ever read in international economics. The author writes clearly and objectively in evaluating sub-Saharan trade policies.

9. HTML Document For The World Wide Web Why did the soga clan advise the Japanese 512 Describing the indigenous development of Japanese africa and the southward migrations of Bantu-speaking peoples. http://w3.iac.net/~pfilio/era4.htm

Era 4 EXPANDING ZONES OF EXCHANGE AND ENCOUNTER 300-1000 CE Giving Shape to World History Beginning about 300 CE almost the entire region of Eurasia and northern Africa experienced severe disturbances. By the seventh century, however, peoples of Eurasia and Africa entered a new period of more intensive interchange and cultural creativity. Underlying these developments was the growing sophistication of systems for moving people and goods here and there throughout the hemisphere China's canals, trans-Saharan camel caravans, high-masted ships plying the Indian Ocean. These networks tied diverse peoples together across great distances. In Eurasia and Africa a single region of intercommunication was taking shape that ran from the Mediterranean to the China seas. A widening zone of interchange also characterized Mesoamerica. Beyond these developments, a sweeping view of world history reveals three other broad patterns of change that are particularly conspicuous in this era Islamic Civilization: One of the most dramatic developments of this 700-year period was the rise of Islam as both a new world religion and a civilized tradition encompassing an immense part of the Eastern Hemisphere. Commanding the central region of Afro-Eurasia, the Islamic empire of the Abbasid dynasty became in the 8th-10th-century period the principal intermediary for the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies across the hemisphere.

10. Amaravati: Abode Of Amritas US soldier who married Hitomi soga, 43, after black people should go back to africa, he said international emblem of the dispossessed indigenous peoples of the http://www.amritas.com/021130.htm

Marc Miyake's metropolis of anti-idiotarianism, Asian studies, and Hawai'i affairs Bio Contact Archives All e-mail may be reprinted in this blog unless you request otherwise. No e-mail addresses will be posted. Honorary citizens: Steven Den Beste China Hand John Hawkins James Hudnall ... Kim du Toit : RE- ORIENT -ING ISLAM Ralph Peters thinks Islam's future lies in the East: It is time to recognize, belatedly, that Islam's center of gravity lies far from Riyadh or Cairo that it has, in fact, several centers of gravity, each more hopeful than the Arab homelands. On these frontiers, from Delhi to Jakarta to Detroit, Islam is a dynamic, vibrant, effervescent religion of gorgeous potential. Islam, then, would be no different from Christianity or Buddhism, two more religions whose centers of gravity have shifted outside their lands of origin. But before you agree with Peters, keep in mind that he may be a punditourist: Over the past two years, I have enjoyed extended stays in both places [Indonesia and India] . Most Americans, and most government officials, haven't a clue about the on-the-ground reality in either one.

11. Cat98b 301406 soga, John Henderson by missionaries administrators, mainly in South africa. military activities or clashes between settlers and indigenous peoples. http://www.abcbook.co.za/cat98b.htm

[301018] Macfarlane, N.M. A record of medical work and of medical service in Basutoland. [301074] Mackarness, Frederic Martial law in the Cape Colony, during 1901. HACKETT [300799] Macmillan, W.M. The Cape colour question: a historical survey. R310.00 SOLD [300789] Malan, J.H. Boer en barbaar, of die geskiedenis van die Voortrekker tussen die jare 1835-1840. En verder, van die kaffernasies met wie hulle in aanraking gekom het. Bloemfontein: Nationale Pers, 1918. Tweede uitgebreide en verbeterde uitgawe. Cloth. Pp. xx,440, frontispiece (portrait), illustrations, maps (1 folding). Revised edition of this account of the Voortrekkers, their travels and clashes with the indigenous peoples, particularly the Zulus. Afrikaans text. Original red cloth, marked, splitting down rear hinge, slightly shaken, owner inscription on half-title, Good. R650.00 SOLD [300825] Malaria. Malaria en kinine. [301321] Malherbe, D.F. du T. Stamregister van die Suid-Afrikaanse volk - Family register of the South African nation. R700.00 SOLD

12. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General soga. Language. Primary Language soga. Language Code (ROL3) SOG, Ethnologue Listing. Languages Spoken 1. indigenous Fellowship of 100+ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=109374&rog3=TZ

13. Peoples In Between: The Early American Upper Ohio Valley And The South African E North America and southern africa the arrival of colonists In both regions indigenous peoples had developed a wide later years, influence indigenous peoples strategies as they http://www.denison.edu/history/newsa/strobel.html

Continuity and Change: Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans in the American Upper Ohio Valley and the South African Eastern Cape Region Christoph Strobel, University of Massachussetts For presentation at the NEWSA 2003 Conference Colonization led to dramatic changes for non-western peoples around the world. In the American upper Ohio Valley and the South African Eastern Cape – the two places that would become “testing grounds” for American and British colonial expansion in North America and southern Africa – the arrival of colonists of European origin dramatically altered the way of life of indigenous people. Yet despite such challenges, Africans and Native Americans in both regions also sought to maintain and to impose their diplomatic, trade, and social practices and understandings on white intruders. Likewise, white colonizers, who often attempted to reproduce their metropolitan practices and understandings, and tried to impose their commercial and imperial imperatives on indigenous groups, found their worlds altered in many ways. Thus, early colonization in the two regions led to negotiated contests and violent struggles that reinforced both historic continuity and change. These developments shaped an important legacy of inter-ethnic cooperation and partial accommodation as well as irreconcilable rivalries. They effected how Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans thought about cross-racial interaction, and played a crucial role in shaping the various visions of colonial racial orders that gradually emerged and aided in the transformation of the two regions

14. Africa africa; the first language of most people is one Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages, shona siane sidamo sira sisala soga soli somali http://www.ethiotrans.com/africa.htm

Africa Home About Africa Services Health Education Portfolio Get Quote ... ALRC County Flag Language Support Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Yes Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Yes Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north) Yes Botswana English (official), Setswana Yes Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population Yes Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Yes Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) Yes Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili Yes Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects Yes Congo, Democratic Republic of the

15. South Africa: News And Media Eastern Cape and the work between missionaries and indigenous people. started in 1897 by AK soga; Ilanga lase to reach the masses of illiterate people in rural http://www.southafrica-newyork.net/consulate/news.htm

Get your Real Player History of the Press in South Africa Government and Communication Today's Headlines in Africa New York Times Yahoo Full Coverage of South Africa Channel Africa (Video) Channel Africa (Audio) ... South Africa@Work (Quarterly Newsletter) Press Releases Election Results Online South African Newspapers Media Contact Details ... Morning Newspapers You'll never be left in the dark in this part of Africa. The country has an astonishingly robust, free and flourishing press. There are 19 daily and 10 weekly newspapers - most of them in English - and a range of general and specialised news web sites which, in terms of the speed and breadth of their coverage, are on a par with the best in the world. South Africa's press, with a proud history of criticism of the previous government's apartheid policies, entered the new democracy unburdened by the pre-1994 restrictions. The Bill of Rights in the Constitution guarantees every citizen the right to freedom of expression, which includes freedom of the press and other media, freedom to receive or impart information or ideas, freedom of artistic creativity, academic freedom and freedom of scientific research.

16. STATEMENT AT THE CENTENARY SYNOD OF THE ETHIOPIAN EPISCOPAL CHURCH – UMZI WASE of the rest of the indigenous people, the obliteration of and proud african origins, as Tiyo soga, Mangena Mokone to reaffirm that africa’s people are among http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/mbeki/2000/tm0111.html

Port Elizabeth, January 11, 2000 Your Grace, the Rt Rev Sigqibo Dwane, Leaders and members of the Ethiopian Episcopal Church, Brothers and Sisters, Ladies and gentlemen: Twenty years ago, in 1980, the late President of the African National Congress, Oliver Tambo, addressed the World Consultation of the World Council of Churches which was held in Holland. In his statement he quoted parts of Verses 27 and 28 of Chapter 1 of the Book of Genesis . With your permission, I would like to present these verses in full. 27: " So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them." 28: " And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth." Had he been alive, Oliver Tambo would have drawn great strength and inspiration from your " Declaration of the faith of this church " adopted at your Special Conference last year when you yourselves, true to the Holy Scriptures, said:

17. Magic Safaris, Your African Adventure Travel Provider! - Discover Uganda 9.9 percent), Kiga (8.3 percent), and soga (8.2 percent language used in common by different peoples to facilitate is the most frequently used indigenous tongue http://www.magic-safaris.com/02_program/03_discoveruganda/chapitre3.asp

More about Uganda, the Pearl of Africa... INTRODUCTION LAND AND RESOURCES PEOPLE AND SOCIETY Ethnicity and Language Religion Education Social Structure ... HISTORY III. PEOPLE AND SOCIETY The 1991 Uganda census counted 16,671,705 people. By 1998 the population had grown to an estimated 22.2 million Ugandans, giving the country a population density of 92 per sq km (238 per sq mi). The estimated growth rate of the population in 1998 was 2.8 percent. The birth rate was 49 per 1,000 people and the death rate 19 per 1,000. Life expectancy at birth was 42.6 years. The fertility rate, the number of births per woman, was 7.1. Almost all Ugandans are black Africans. Foreign residents make up less than 4 percent of the population and come mostly from neighboring states. The population is concentrated in the south, particularly in the crescent at the edge of Lake Victoria and in the southwest. Uganda is predominantly rural with only 13 percent of the population living in urban areas. Kampala, near Lake Victoria, is Uganda's intellectual and business center and its only city. Jinja, the most important industrial center, is located on the Nile at Lake Victoria. The next largest towns are Mbale, Masaka, Mpigi, and Mbarara. A. Ethnicity and Language (

18. Uganda 10 per cent, Kiga 8 per cent, soga 8 per the most widely spoken of Uganda s indigenous languages Many people follow traditional indigenous religions, which are http://213.131.178.162/Nations/Africa/Uganda/default.asp

Home The Games Nations Sports ... Oceania You are in: Nations Africa Uganda Basic facts The country Map Capital: Kampala Area: 241,038 sq km; 93,065 sq miles Population: 23,451,687 (2000 Estimate) Urbanisation: Urban 13 per cent (1998 Estimate); Rural 87 per cent (1998 Estimate) Economy Exports: Coffee, cotton, tea, gold, fish, maize Industry: Sugar, food processing, soft drinks, tobacco, cotton, textiles, cement Agriculture: Cash crops: coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops: cassava, potatoes, maize, millet, pulses; livestock products: beef, goat meat, milk, poultry Currency: 1 Ugandan shilling (USh), consisting of 100 cents Natural resources: Copper, cobalt, limestone, salt, gold, tin, tungsten, hydroelectricity The people Ethnic: Ganda 18 per cent, Nyankole 10 per cent, Kiga 8 per cent, Soga 8 per cent, Iteso 6 per cent, Langi 6 per cent, Acholi 4 per cent, Other 40 per cent Language: English is the official language of Uganda. Swahili and Arabic are commonly used. Each ethnic group also has its own language. Luganda, a Bantu language and the language of the Ganda, is the most widely spoken of Uganda's indigenous languages. Nilo-Saharan and Sudanic languages are also spoken. Religion: Roughly 60 per cent of Uganda's inhabitants are Christian, half of these are Roman Catholic and half Protestant. Muslims make up a sizeable minority. Many people follow traditional indigenous religions, which are rarely seen as incompatible with Christianity or Islam. Often Ugandans' belief systems represent a fusion of traditional beliefs and elements of an imported religion.

19. Let5 The black people of Southern africa love the erroneous notion that they are indigenous originally to the Rev Mr John Henderson soga, second son of http://www.dispatch.co.za/1998/11/20/editoria/LET5.HTM

Friday, November 20, 1998 Blacks not indigenous MAFUYA Siyapi Radebe's submission (DD Oct 13) cannot pass unchallenged. The black people of Southern Africa love the erroneous notion that they are indigenous originally to Southern Africa. That magnificent Southern African historian the Rev Mr John Henderson Soga, second son of the Rev Mr Tiyo Soga, the first Black Southern African to be ordained a clergyman; in his wonderful publication, The Southern Eastern Bantu, records that the black people of Africa originate from outside the continent crossed over the isthmus of Suez into Africa and moved southward. At the great East Africa lakes there was a split, one section moving westwards, which are the forebears of the present West African people. The other moved south entering Southern Africa about the same time as European navigators were landing on our coasts. As a third generation South African I am here by right, and there are millions of others. I owe no apology to your correspondent. The Hottentot and Bushman have the best claim to their ancestors being indigenous to our country.

20. 7 Xhosa Reactions To White Intrusion from an early date, indigenous people had been however, the 1st african from South africa was ordained in 1856. Tiyo soga Tiyo soga was the son of soga, an http://husky1.stmarys.ca/~wmills/course322/7Xhosa_Reactions.html

Home History 322 lecture list Wallace G. Mills Hist. 322 7 Xhosa Reactions White intrusion and conquest - there were renegades or people on the fringes of both societies and soon there was intermingling; a few Boers took African wives. Trade, although limited, soon started and though interrupted by wars etc., it never stopped. - the Xhosa were not over-awed by the religion brought by missionaries and, though frequently showing interest, did not rush to be converted. - in discussing Xhosa reactions, we shall be referring to the work of J. B. Peires quite a bit. While I shall agree with him on many basic facts, I shall also disagree. I include a list of relevant works: J. B. Peires. The House of Phalo. J. of African History , XX (1979), 51-61. History in Africa, XII (1985), 253-279. J. of African Hist. , XXVII (1986), 443-461. J. of African Hist. , XXVIII (1987), 43-63. The Dead Will Arise. Ntsikana - he was one of the earliest converts to Christianity among the Xhosa and Africans generally. His contacts with missionaries were limited. Nevertheless, he worked to convert others to Christianity. - Ntsikana urged Africans not to fight or make war against the whites.

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