41. CANADA’S OLYMPIC CROSS COUNTRY HISTORY CANADA’S olympic CROSS COUNTRY history. following pages briefly highlight the storyof Canada’s participation in the cross country skiing events of http://canada.x-c.com/nst/canadas.htm

by Jarl Omholt-Jensen (pre 1988) and Anton Scheier ST. MORTIZ, SWITZERLAND, FEB. 11-19, 1928 Numerous falls troubled Thompson and Putnam on the icy 18 kilometre course as they settled for 37 th and 40 th spot among 44 finishers in 2:12:24 and 2:22:40 respectively. Norwegian Hohan Grottumsbraaten took gold in 1:37:01, reflecting the lack of major trail preparations other than marking them in the ‘good old days’. Putnam concluded his Olympic thoughts with, "Although outclassed, Canada was by no means disgraced. Given a few more years, we will surely give our Norwegian friends a great run for premier honours." LAKE PLACID, U.S.A., FEB. 4-15, 1932 Two months prior to the 3 rd th th th th and 40 th respectively among 42 finishers. Of the 15 Canadians who competed in jumping, nordic combined and cross country, Jostein Nordmoe of Camrose, Alta., who posted tenth in the nordic combined, remains the best Olympic cross country skiing related result to date. GARMISH-PARTENKIRCHEN, GERMAN, FEB. 6-16, 1936 Departing Montreal by train to Halifax on Jan. 3

42. History Of Skiing Modern history of skiing. The myth about Sondre as the father of modern skiing waslargely the 1930s, and especially in connection with the olympic Winter Games http://www.fact-index.com/h/hi/history_of_skiing.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index History of skiing The History of skiing Table of contents 1 Ancient history of skiing 1.1 Invention 1.2 Early Skis 1.3 Ski Poles ... 5 Reference Ancient history of skiing The first hints to the existence of skis are on 4500 to 5000 year old rock drawings , e.g. at Rødøy in Norway . There are also remains of skis in bogs, e.g. the oldest ski found in Hoting, Sweden , which is about 4500 years old. The word ski goes back to two Old Norse roots, both older than 4500 years: saa and suk Invention There are six possible roots from which skis originally might have developed: The pedal snowshoe, which was an oval wooden board later on covered with fur. The sledge runner, which seems to be a very obvious model for the ski, though it is hardly taken into account. The fur shoe, which was a combination of moccasins and sandals and worn together with pedal snowshoes. The marsh shoe, which later on was taken to colder regions with snow. The canoe or the coracle , both being utilized in northern regions from very early on. Having been used as sledges, small ones might equally have served as proto-skis. The ski being a spontaneous invention is very unlikely.

43. History Of CCS At the 1994 olympic Games in Lillehammer, Norway, Bjorger Petterson time, becomingthe first individual in the history of cross country skiing to earn http://ccbc.junction.net/History of BC & Olympics.htm

Cross Country Skiing and the Olympic Winter Games Tormod Mobraaten, third from the left, with Canadian Olympic Ski Team prior to sailing for Germany to attend the 1936 Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The first Winter Olympic Games were held in 1924 at Chamonix, France. Canada did not send athletes to the cross country events at these games, but did have representation at the following games in 1928. At these early Winter Olympics, there were only two cross country ski events, an 18 km "sprint" and a 50 km race. Canada’s first ever skiing contingent, two skiers from eastern Canada, entered the 18 km event and finished 37 th and 40 th respectively, a very satisfactory beginning to Canadian participation in Olympic cross country competition. In 1932, British Columbia had two skiers qualify for the Canadian Ski Team, Karl Lindaas and Kaare Engstad, both skiing for the Omineca Ski Club of Burns Lake. Unfortunately, naturalization requirements or financial obstacles prevented many qualifiers from representing Canada at these early events. Only Karre Engstad was able to raise the necessary support (most of it from the Burns Lake community, who even went so far as to make box lunches for his rail trip to the east)

44. Winter Olympic Sports, Skiing, Skating, Hockey USA GETS BLANKED IN DOWNHILL AND CROSSCOUNTRY skiing While the US team was wasseventh, the highest finish for an American in the sport s olympic history. http://www.girlstalksports.com/Olympic_Report___Good_Will_Gam/WINTER_OLYMPICS/wi

USA GETS BLANKED IN DOWNHILL AND CROSSCOUNTRY SKIING - While the US team was figured for medals in the downhills or cross country, they were hoping for a good showing with Todd Lodwick's Nordic Combined finish. Samppa Lajunen of Finland won the gold medal in the Nordic combined Sunday after finishing first in the 15-kilometer cross-country race J aakko Tallus, also of Finland, won the silver and Felix Gottwald of Austria won the bronze. But, T odd Lodwick of Steamboat Springs, Colo., was seventh, the highest finish for an American in the sport's Olympic history. "It's a little bit disappointing, because I had expectations of moving up," said Lodwick, who started seventh, 2 minutes and 15 seconds behind the leader. "Of course, I would have liked to have a medal around my neck, but taking the best American finish back to Steamboat, that's something I'm proud of." Americans Matt Dayton and Bill Demong were 18th and 19th, respectively. The other American in the event, Johnny Spillane, was 32nd. Rolf Monsen's ninth-place showing in 1932 was the previous best finish for a U.S. athlete.

45. Cool Attractions - Olympic History have been tallied, the International olympic Committee has Perhaps the history ofthese prestigious games skating, speed skating, Nordic skiing, bobsleigh, and http://www.saltlakecity.coolattractions.com/history.html

This site is sponsored by days until the 2002 Winter Olympic Games A Vintage Pair of Ice Skates 1924 marked the year of the first official Winter Games, and for the first time events such as figure skating, speed skating, Nordic skiing, bobsleigh, and ice hockey were held at a separate celebration than the Summer Games. Taking place in Chamonix, France, 294 competitors were involved in the first official Winter Olympics. The number of athletes participating in Salt Lake City is projected to be over 2,300. Norwegian figure skater Sonja Henie made her debut at the 1924 Games, at age 12, and in 1928, 32, and 36 took home the gold medals. In 1937 Henie took advantage of her world popularity and appeared in her first movie. Her Hollywood career would last over 10 years. Margaret Crosland Training in Davos, Switzerland With the world at war in the 1940s the scheduled games in 40 and 44 were cancelled. As punishment for their roles in WW2, Japan and Germany's absence from Olympic ceremony would continue into the 1948 games in St. Moritz, Switzerland. Twenty-eight countries participated enthusiastically, and it was clear that the games had survived both the world's conflicts, and the 12-year span between the last Olympics. The IOC awarded the 1976 Olympics to Denver, Colorado, but after two years of preparation and financial squabbling, the people of Colorado refused to fund the major event through public taxes. Innsbruck offered to host the Winter Olympics only twelve years since it last played the role, and the underplayed event went off peacefully and without excessive spending.

46. Sondre In The History Of Skiing poor cotter from Morgedal, Telemark earned a golden name in the history of skiing. alsohas been chosen as the site for lighting of the olympic Torch three http://www.sondrenorheim.com/history.htm

j. Main Page Site Map Sondre F ... Sponsor Sondre Norheim - the S kiing Pioneer of Telemark Sondre in the H istory of S kiing It’s said about Norwegians that they are born with skis on. And for centuries, people’s lives in this country have been closely related to skiing – first as means of transportation – then, from the last part of the 19 th century, as a leisure and sports activity. Later Norwegian students and emigrants introduced skiing at the European continent, the USA and in other countries. Skiing is Norway’s national sport. Your guide to this story Skiing in Norway Skiing as R ecreation ... istory The word “ski” is a Norwegian word which comes from the Old Norse word “skid”, a split length of wood. And we know that skis have been used in Norway for more than 4,000 years. Rock carvings from Northern Norway confirm this. Skiing in Norway In a country with long distances between the small, isolated communities and hard, snowy winters, skiing became important as means of keeping in social contact with each other. Also the use of skis was important for the hunter and the farmer, who spent mornings going far into the forests, returning with game and firewood in the afternoons. There are reports about the use of skis among soldiers as far back in time as the Middle Ages. Companies of ski troops were formed around 1750. And the very first skiing competitions were held in the military in 1767.

47. VIII Olympic Winter Games - Squaw Valley USA skiing and the men s biathlon, a combination of Nordic skiing and rifle For the firsttime in Winter olympic history artificial refrigeration was utilized for http://www.tahoebest.com/skiing/squawolympics.htm

VIII Olympic Winter Games at Squaw Valley USA On Thursday, February 18, 1960 , under storm-threatening skies, the greatest winter athletes in the world gathered in Squaw Valley. As the sun broke through briefly, 2,000 pigeons were released into the air. A throng of 1,000 competitors and 20,000 spectators stood hushed as the Olympic Torch completed a 9,000 mile odyssey from Europe and was placed in front of the Tower of Nations. Following the Olympic Oath and the Star Spangled Banner, Avery Brundage declared the Games "open" while the sky erupted into a kaleidoscope of fireworks and colorful balloons. Thus began the VIII Olympic Winter Games at Squaw Valley At that time the 1960 Winter Games were the largest ever held, with 34 nations competing in 15 alpine and ski jumping events, 8 speed skiing contests, 3 figure skating competitions and 28 hockey matches. Making its Olympic debut was women's speed skiing and the men's biathlon, a combination of Nordic skiing and rifle marksmanship. The Squaw Games were highlighted by many other Winter Olympic 'firsts'. They were the first Winter Games to be nationally televised and to house the athletes in their own Olympic Village. For the first time in Winter Olympic history artificial refrigeration was utilized for speed skating events and electronic computers were used to tally results.

48. The U.S. Ski Team News Matched best overall medal tally in freestyle skiing with three silvers including Miller became only the second male skier in US olympic history to win two http://www.usskiteam.com/PublishingFolder/346.htm

US Ski Team US Snowboarding USSA Members US Ski Team Home ... Shop Medal Goal Achieved for U.S. PARK CITY, Utah (Feb. 25) - U.S. Ski and Snowboard athletes wrapped up the 2002 Olympic Winter Games with a list of record Olympic performances and achieved the organization's long-stated goal of winning a record 10 medals. "This was a team effort and we take a great deal of pride in the accomplishments of these athletes and especially in achieving our team goal," said U.S. Ski and Snowboard Team President and CEO Bill Marolt. Marolt established the 10-medal goal over three years ago - four more than the previous high mark of six set in Nagano. "We knew coming into these Games that 10 medals was a stretch goal for us, but our athletes achieved it," he said. "Bode Miller's silvers in alpine skiing are a tremendous accomplishment," said Marolt. "And, much as we had expected, snowboard and freestyle continue to be very strong sports for us. We're also very pleased with the progress we saw in the nordic events, especially nordic combined, where we had U.S. bests in all three of the events, including a fourth in the team competition, and cross country skiing where we had Olympic bests on both the men's and women's side including a fifth for the men in the relay!" It was a record-setting Olympics in nearly every sport for the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Team including:

49. History Of Tuckerman Ravine history of skiing in Tuckerman Ravine. and it wasn t long before spring skiing inTuckerman HarvardDartmouth slaloms, olympic tryouts, and giant slaloms all http://www.tuckerman.org/tuckerman/history.htm

Tuckerman and Huntington Ravines Homepage Latest Avalanche Advisory Weather Safety and Education ... nteer Ski Patrol History of Skiing in Tuckerman Ravine Perched on the southeastern side of Mt. Washington is Tuckerman Ravine, a glacial cirque, small by the standards of higher mountains, that has an outsized reputation in the ski world. Attracting notice when skiing was young for the prodigious depths of its snowfields formed when winter winds sweep volumes of snow off the alpine lawns of Mt. Washington and funnel great accumulations into this cirque, Tuckerman Ravine would became a springtime mecca to skiers seeking to extend the ski season, and in the process would become the birthplace of what is today called extreme skiing. Named after botanist Edward Tuckerman who studied alpine plants and lichens in the area in the 1830's and 1840's, this ravine exerted a pull on the earliest visitors to the White Mountains. Henry David Thoreau visited in 1858, and in a prelude to the mishaps that would befall some later visitors, he sprained his ankle, and suffered intense embarrassment when his guide started a forest fire that swept the floor of the ravine. Since 1916, the ravine and the surrounding ranges of the White Mountains have been owned and managed by the White Mountain National Forest. Few skiers came to Tuckerman before the Pinkham Notch road was plowed in the winter in the later 1920's, but by the mid-1930's hundreds, then thousands could be found there on sunny spring weekends. Then as now, skiing in Tuckerman Ravine required a hike of about three miles over primitive foot trails to reach the ski runs. No ski lifts have ever been built, or even seriously proposed, in this raw alpine location.

50. 2002 Winter Olympic Games - Salt Lake City - On MountainZone.com history with a 13 February 17, 2002 The Italian women claimed two medals in asingle alpine skiing event for the first time in olympic history, as Daniela http://www.mountainzone.com/olympics/2002/

Olympics Home Snowboarding Select Event... Parallel Giant Slalom Parallel Giant Slalom Quals Men's Halfpipe Women's Halfpipe Photo Gallery '02 Snowboard Team HP Gold Contenders Grand Prix #1 Grand Prix #2 Grand Prix #3 Olympic Index Skiing Select Event... Men's Slalom Women's Giant Slalom Men's Giant Slalom Women's Slalom Women's Super G Men's Super G Women's Combined Men's Combined Women's Downhill Men's Downhill Photo Gallery Women's DH Training '02 Alpine Team Herminator Out Gold Cup Olympic Index document.write(code); document.write(code); Olympic Index PHOTO GALLERY 37 Images The Power of the Games February 27, 2002 For all the hoopla that surrounds the coming of the Games, there's a certain amount of sadness that comes with their closing. This seems especially true this year after what a success this international competition was and what a feat the Salt Lake Organizing Committee and the International Olympic Committee pulled off. Vidal is Last Man Standing February 23, 2002 On a sloppy course that got the best of nearly everyone else, Jean-Pierre Vidal of France maintained nerves of steel to hold his edge and win the men's Olympic slalom on Saturday as America's hopeful skied out. Kostelic Makes Olympic Alpine History February 22, 2002

51. 2002 Winter Olympic Games - Alpine Women's Super G - Salt Lake City - On Mountai The Italian women claimed two medals in a single alpine skiing event for the firsttime in olympic history, as Daniela Ceccarelli skied to gold and Karen http://www.mountainzone.com/olympics/2002/html/ski_w_sg.html

Olympics Home Snowboarding Select Event... Parallel Giant Slalom Parallel Giant Slalom Quals Men's Halfpipe Women's Halfpipe Photo Gallery '02 Snowboard Team HP Gold Contenders Grand Prix #1 Grand Prix #2 Grand Prix #3 Olympic Index Skiing Select Event... Men's Slalom Women's Giant Slalom Men's Giant Slalom Women's Slalom Women's Super G Men's Super G Women's Combined Men's Combined Women's Downhill Men's Downhill Photo Gallery Women's DH Training '02 Alpine Team Herminator Out Gold Cup Olympic Index document.write(code); document.write(code); Ski: Women's Super G Italians Make History with a 1-3 February 17, 2002 The Italian women claimed two medals in a single alpine skiing event for the first time in Olympic history, as Daniela Ceccarelli skied to gold and Karen Putzer claimed bronze in the women's super G on Sunday. "In the World Cup I always ran close to the podium area, but never a victory. So therefore for me, today, it was certainly a big surprise," Ceccarelli said. "Even though while I was coming down, I realized I was doing well. I must say I felt very well today, even before starting. "This is a disappointment for the Austrian team. It is difficult to be Olympic champions. Everyone works so hard for us. Yes, there is a lot of pressure..."

52. Winter Olympic Games 1998 track featured a slight uphill section that will made this one of the most difficulttracks in olympic history. There are six types of Alpine skiing events at http://www.damoon.net/dead/JapanOlym.html

Graphic by: Shoichi Shiomi Winter Olympic Games 1998 Snowboarding . The last international games of the century featured competitors from about 80 different countries. There are many exciting sports to watch at the Winter Olympic Games. Extensive sports coverage was available via the Internet and traditional media sources. The various competitions were held from February 7, 1998 to February 21, 1998. A quick overview of the some of the sporting events that were featured at the Olympic Games is presented here. There are many great other sources of information that can expand on what is provided here. Figure skating is known as a sport of grace, and beauty. Olympic figure skaters skate to musical scores and create a kind of ice ballet. The four Olympic Figure Skating events include the Ladies Singles, the Men's Singles, Pairs or Doubles, and Ice Dancing. Singles and Doubles have two distinct forums which are the Short Program and Free Skating. The Short Program is designed to demonstrate a specific set of skating talents . During Free Skating competition, the Olympic skaters perform to music and are allowed to create a more freeform routine. Ice Dancing provides a sequenced dance on ice that is similar to ballroom dancing performed by a pair of skaters. Olympic Figure skating is an event that draws a large audience from around the world. There are six types of Alpine Skiing events at the Olympic Winter Games. These Alpine Skiing events are Downhill Racing, Slalom, the Giant Slalom, Super Giant Slalom, and Alpine Combination. Downhill Racing is the fastest and most exciting event featured at the Winter Olympic Games. The Slalom, the Giant Slalom, and Super Giant Slalom requires skiers to maneuver skillfully and through a series of gates (poles with flags). These skiing events are the most traditional competitions of the Winter Olympic games.

53. Tommy.com : Ski Team : History Originally just a mix of alpine skiing and acrobatics, freestyle skiing developedover the decades into one of the most amazing presentday olympic sports. http://www.tommy.com/skiteam/history.jhtml

window.name = "tommyMainWindow"; Americans struck gold in three freestyle events at the 1998 Olympic Games in Nagano: Nikki Stone won the women's Aerials event, Eric Bergoust took first in men's Aerials and Jonny Moseley captured gold in men's Moguls. Freestyle skiing was introduced at the Olympics as a demonstration event at the Calgary Games in 1988. Mogul skiing became part of the official program for the Albertville Games in 1992, and aerials were added in 1994 during the Lillehammer Games. Originally just a mix of alpine skiing and acrobatics, freestyle skiing developed over the decades into one of the most amazing present-day Olympic sports. privacy statement policies and procedures

54. Griffin Publishing ::Olympics And Motivationals:: Guide to skiing and Snowboarding will improve your skiing savvy, whether OlympismA Basic Guide to the history, Ideals, and Sports of the olympic Movement. http://www.griffinpublishing.com/cat-pages/olympics.htm

Product List General Trade Please select Education Sports Motivational Readers ... Classroom Accessories Education Journey to Athens (Grades 1-3) NEW Each booklet contains fun-filled activities such as mazes, puzzles, word finds, and much moreÑall designed around an Olympic theme. Celebrate the return of the Olympic Games to Athens, Greece in 2004 with fun and thought-provoking activities. Students learn about Olympic history and traditions as well as the sports that will be played in the summer of 2004. Journey to Athens (Grades 4-6) NEW Each booklet contains fun-filled activities such as mazes, puzzles, word finds, and much moreÑall designed around an Olympic theme. Celebrate the return of the Olympic Games to Athens, Greece in 2004 with fun and thought-provoking activities. Students learn about Olympic history and traditions as well as the sports that will be played in the summer of 2004. The Olympic Experience in the School (Grades K-3) NEW Bring the Olympic Spirit to life for students with information and activities that relate to the Olympic Games. Learn about Olympic history, traditions, sports, sites and events. This series of thematic units are cross-curricular, cooperative learning tools that are filled with fun activities that foster team spirit as students go for the GOLD. Explore the Olympic Games with lessons that cover all areas of the curriculum. Students become "Olympic Scouts" who work their way through different tasks, culminating in a classroom Olympic Games.

55. Brief History Of The Olympic Games Brief history of the olympic Games. luge, tobogganing, ice hockey, and the biathlon(skiingshooting The first perfect 10.0 in olympic gymnastics was scored by http://www.nostos.com/olympics/

Sydney Olympics - official site Your Comments Brief History of the Olympic Games Ancient Olympic Games Chronology of athletic events added to the Olympic Games Myths and the Olympic Games Pelops myth ... Athens for Olympic Games of 2004 Ancient Olympic Games The Olympic Games begun at Olympia in Greece in 776 BC. The Greek calendar was based on the Olympiad, the four-year period between games. The games were staged in the wooded valley of Olympia in Elis. Here the Greeks erected statues and built temples in a grove dedicated to Zeus, supreme among the gods. The greatest shrine was an ivory and gold statue of Zeus. Created by the sculptor Phidias, it was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Scholars have speculated that the games in 776 BC were not the first games, but rather the first games held after they were organized into festivals held every four years as a result of a peace agreement between the city-states of Elis and Pisa. The Eleans traced the founding of the Olympic games to their King Iphitos, who was told by the Delphi Oracle to plant the olive tree from which the victors' wreaths were made. According to Hippias of Elis, who compiled a list of Olympic victors c.400 BC, at first the only Olympic event was a 200-yard dash, called a stadium. This was the only event until 724 BC, when a two-stadia race was added. Two years later the 24-stadia event began, and in 708 the pentathlon was added and wrestling became part of the games. This pentathlon, a five-event match consisted of running, wrestling, leaping, throwing the discus, and hurling the javelin. In time boxing, a chariot race, and other events were included.

56. Sports, Winter Sports, Skiing: Personal Pages Features videos, interviews, pictures, schedules,and olympic history.Big Living in Chamonix and competing in Free skiing. Photo http://www.combose.com/Sports/Winter_Sports/Skiing/Personal_Pages/

Top Sports Winter Sports Skiing ... Air Mikey - The official site of Mike Smith, upcoming Canadian Freestyle Aerialist and Orignal Guitarist, located in Alberta, Canada. Videos, photographs, music, links, and contacts. AirBergy Archives - A site about Olympic Gold Medalist and World Class freestyle aerial skier Eric Bergoust. Features: videos, interviews, pictures, schedules,and Olympic History. Big Sky Montana Ski Trip - A collection of Big Sky Montana slope-side photos; includes Lone Mountain Peak, both from Andesite Mountain as well as from across the valley. Bloom, Jeremy - Biography, picturess, and wallpaper. Bloom Mania. Carruthers, Gavin - Freestyle Skier. Photographs, profile, and contacts. Christian Fly Rijavec - Includes biographical data, music, freestyle results, and pictures of an Austrian freestyle aerialist. Ericsson, Fredrik - Skier and mountaineer. Living in Chamonix and competing in Free skiing. Photo gallery and links Franz Weber, Inc. - The official site with information about his career and ski record, plus information about upcoming ski and sports trips. Freeskiing Online - News, snow reports, photographs, events, and links.

57. Bormio - The History Of Alpine Skiing - Winter - Alpine Skiing - B.E.S.T Bormioo The history of Alpine skiing In the noncompetitive century, when Sondre Nordheimrevolutionized skiing and made a 1924 and the first Winter olympic Games with http://www.bormioonline.com/en/winter/alpineskiing?p=2523

58. Alpenglow Ski History - Bibliography Resources Division, Pacific NW Region, olympic National Park An AdministrativeHistory, National Park 1937, Palmedo, Roland, ed. skiing The International http://www.alpenglow.org/ski-history/ref/books.html

Alpenglow Ski Mountaineering History Project Home Bibliography If the Reviewed column is filled in, then the book has been reviewed for this project. For reviewed books, the ID column has a link to the review notes. If you know where to find books marked "unknown" in the Library column, or if you can suggest other books to review, please click here For books that are low on my priority list, click here . For books that I have reviewed but not found interesting, click here Books shown in green are high on my list for review. Yellow are medium priority. Reviewed books are shown in blue. ID Author Title Publisher Location Year Library Reviewed Notes aac-1961 Cascade Section, AAC Climbers' Guide to the Cascade and Olympic Mountains of Washington American Alpine Club Boston, MA OC-GWM LDS, 8/6/2001 allen-1993 Allen, E. John B. From Skisport to Skiing: One Hundred Years of an American Sport, 1840-1940 Univ. Mass. Press

59. Alpenglow Ski History - Manuscripts And Special Collections in 1946, according to skiing Heritage, Fall 2002, A polished manuscript naturalhistory, historical narrative George W. Clippings file olympic National Park, http://www.alpenglow.org/ski-history/ref/ms.html

Alpenglow Ski Mountaineering History Project Home Manuscripts and Special Collections If the Notes column says "reference," then the contents may be useful for future reference, but I haven't made detailed notes on them for now. For reviewed items, the ID column has a link to the review notes. If you can suggest other items to review, please click here Items shown in green are high on my list for review. Yellow are medium priority. Reviewed items are shown in blue. ID Created By Title Date(s) Library Reviewed Notes mbc-records Mount Baker Club Records CPNS LDS, 8/7/2002 Newsletters and scrapbooks bpl-mtneering Bellingham Public Library Clippings file: Mountaineering BPL LDS, 7/20/2001 1941 Mt Shuksan ski ascent bpl-mtneering-acc Bellingham Public Library Clippings file: Mountaineering Accidents BPL LDS, 7/20/2001 Reference: 1939 Bellingham College avalanche bpl-baker-lodge Bellingham Public Library Clippings file: Mt Baker Lodge BPL LDS, 7/20/2001

60. Snowsport GB is the oldest of all skiing disciplines, with a history going back early World SkiChampionships, as well as the skiing events in the olympic Winter Games http://www.snowsportgb.com/pages/discnord.html

Alpine Freestyle Snowboard Telemark ... Adaptive Nordic Cross Country Of the three nordic skiing disciplines (Jumping, Cross Country, Nordic Combined), Cross Country is the only one widely practised in the UK. It is consequently, but erroneously frequently described as "nordic skiing" Cross-country skiing is the oldest of all skiing disciplines, with a history going back some 5000 years to an era when skis were used for hunting and travelling in winter. As the names implies, it involves skiing over all types of terrain, uphill, flat and undulating, as well as downhill. The sport is normally carried out in the forest, below the treeline. Cross-country skiing first emerged as a competitive sport in the late 19th Century and the early World Ski Championships, as well as the skiing events in the Olympic Winter Games prior to 1936, consisted solely of events drawn from the nordic disciplines. Today, cross-country competitions are divided into those held in the classical techniques and those in free technique (skating). The range of races varies from sprints (1500m) to marathon races of 90km or more. Historically, British Cross-country skiing has been associated with the military, but the BSSF has sought in recent years, and with some success, to expand the sport into the club sector and to introduce children to the sport at an earlier age.

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