1. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Sickle Cell Anemia Takes a look at this disorder with a definition, causes, incidence and risk factors. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000527.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Sickle cell anemia Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Red blood cells, sickle cell Red blood cells, normal Red blood cells, multiple sickle cells Red blood cells, sickle cells ... Blood cells Alternative names Return to top Anemia - sickle cell; Hemoglobin SS disease (Hb SS); Sickle cell disease Definition Return to top Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease in which the red blood cells, normally disc-shaped, become crescent shaped. As a result, they function abnormally and cause small blood clots. These clots give rise to recurrent painful episodes called "sickle cell pain crises." Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Sickle cell anemia is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin (oxygen carrying molecule) called hemoglobin S. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait that is, it occurs in someone who has inherited hemoglobin S from both parents. Someone who inherits hemoglobin S from one parent and normal hemoglobin (A) from the other parent will have sickle cell trait . Approximately 8% of African Americans have sickle cell trait. Someone who inherits hemoglobin S from one parent and another type of abnormal hemoglobin from the other parent will have another form of sickle cell disease, such as sickle cell-b

2. Welcome To The American Sickle Cell Anemia Association A nonprofit organisation based in Cleveland Ohio whose objectives are to raise awareness of the condition. Features educational material, FAQs, support groups and a message board. http://www.ascaa.org/

A United Way Agency Categories Who We Are Mission Statement Board of Trustees Executive Director ... Contacts NEW!!! Request for Information NEW!!! View Online Video Related Sites/Links Home Welcome to The American Sickle Cell Association web site. Please visit often to get the latest news and available information. Visitors to this site. Updated 5/26/04 *Information relayed on this site is collective, and has been accumulated over time from various factual sources, medical journals and general knowledgebase's on sickle cell. For specific printed mater, useful for citing text information, please contact us and will forward printed mater to you.

3. Patient Information Compares normal red blood cells to those affected by this disorder. Tells who may be born with the condition and how it affects the lives of those who have it. http://www.emory.edu/PEDS/SICKLE/sicklept.htm

Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell anemia is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. Normal red blood cells are round like doughnuts, and they move through small blood tubes in the body to deliver oxygen. Sickle red blood cells become hard, sticky and shaped like sickles used to cut wheat. When these hard and pointed red cells go through the small blood tube, they clog the flow and break apart. This can cause pain, damage and a low blood count, or anemia. What makes the red cell sickle? There is a substance in the red cell called hemoglobin that carries oxygen inside the cell. One little change in this substance causes the hemoglobin to form long rods in the red cell when it gives away oxygen. These rigid rods change the red cell into a sickle shape instead of the round shape. How do you get sickle cell anemia or trait? You inherit the abnormal hemoglobin from your parents, who may be carriers with sickle cell trait or parents with sickle cell disease. You can not catch it. You are born with the sickle cell hemoglobin and it is present for life. If you inherit only one sickle gene, you have sickle cell trait. If you inherit two sickle cell genes you have sickle cell disease. Is Sickle Cell only in African Americans?

4. MedlinePlus: Sickle Cell Anemia Q R S T U V W XYZ List of All Topics. sickle cell anemia Genetic Disease Profile sickle cell anemia ( Dept. of Energy, Human Genome Project) sickle cell anemia http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sicklecellanemia.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Sickle Cell Anemia Contents of this page: From the NIH General/Overviews Prevention/Screening Research ... Teenagers Search MEDLINE/PubMed for recent research articles on Sickle Cell Anemia You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Blood/Lymphatic System Genetics/Birth Defects From the National Institutes of Health Sickle Cell Anemia (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) - Links to PDF File Also available in: Spanish General/Overviews Genetic Disease Profile: Sickle Cell Anemia (Dept. of Energy, Human Genome Project) Sickle Cell Anemia (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Sickle Cell Anemia (Nemours Foundation) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Anemia, Sickle Cell (National Institutes of Health) Active Clinical Trials at the Joint Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassemic Disorders (Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital) Disease Management Pain Assessment and Pain Management in Sickle Cell Disease (Georgia Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center at Grady Health System) Prevention/Screening Genetic Counseling (Nemours Foundation) Newborn Screening Tests (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation) Also available in: Spanish Sickle Cell Test (American Association for Clinical Chemistry) Research Exploring Important Medicinal Uses for Watermelon Rinds (Dept. of Agriculture)

5. Sickle Cell Anemia Blood and Lymph Diseases. Anemia, sickle cell. Burkitt lymphoma Anemia, sickle cell. sickle cell anemia is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/sickle.html

This Genes and Disease page has been moved to: Please update your bookmarks. If you are not automatically transported to the new page after 15 seconds, click on this link Genome View HBB on chromosome 11 Databases PubMed the literature Key Papers Recent literature LocusLink collection of gene-related information OMIM catalog of human genes and disorders Information Fact Sheet from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH SCDAA Sickle Cell Disease Association of America SICKLE CELL ANEMIA (SCA) is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting about 72,000 Americans or 1 in 500 African Americans. SCA is characterized by episodes of pain, chronic hemolytic anemia and severe infections, usually beginning in early childhood. SCA is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a point mutation in the hemoglobin beta gene ( HBB ) found on chromosome 11p15.4. Carrier frequency of HBB varies significantly around the world, with high rates associated with zones of high malaria incidence, since carriers are somewhat protected against malaria. About 8% of the African American population are carriers. A mutation in HBB results in the production of a structurally abnormal hemoglobin (Hb), called HbS. Hb is an oxygen carrying protein that gives red blood cells (RBC) their characteristic color. Under certain conditions, like low oxygen levels or high hemoglobin concentrations, in individuals who are homozygous for HbS, the abnormal HbS clusters together, distorting the RBCs into sickled shapes. These deformed and rigid RBCs become trapped within small blood vessels and block them, producing pain and eventually damaging organs.

6. New Hope For People With Sickle Cell Anemia (FDA Consumer Reprint) A recent clinical trial found that the drug Hydrea (hydroxyurea) significantly reduced painful episodes in adults with a severe form of sickle cell anemia. two copies of the genetic mutation have http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/496_sick.html

This article originally appeared in the May 1996 FDA Consumer and contains revisions made in December 1997 and February 1999. The article is no longer being updated. New Hope for People with Sickle Cell Anemia by Eleanor Mayfield In tropical regions of the world where the parasite-borne disease malaria is prevalent, people with a single copy of a particular genetic mutation have a survival advantage. Over time, people from these regions have migrated, had children, and in some cases married each other. Some of their children inherit two copies of the mutation. While inheriting one copy of the mutation confers a benefit, inheriting two copies is a tragedy. Children born with two copies of the genetic mutation have sickle cell anemia, a painful disease that affects the red blood cells and is curable only in rare instances. In February 1998, the Food and Drug Administration approved the drug Droxia (hydroxyurea) for reducing painful episodes in adults with a severe form of sickle cell anemia. The drug doesn't cure the disease. Hydroxyurea also is approved under the name Hydrea for treating certain cancers. Genetic Defect Changes Cell Shape The genetic defect that causes sickle cell anemia affects hemoglobin, a component of red blood cells. Hemoglobin's job is to carry oxygen to all the cells and tissues of the body. Red blood cells that contain normal hemoglobin (such as the one pictured top right) are soft and round. Their soft texture enables them to squeeze through the body's small blood vessels.

7. Sickle Cell Anemia sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes that cause their red blood cells to change shape. Find out more about what sickle cell anemia is in this article for teens. sickle cell anemia. sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder that mostly affects people of African ancestry, but than 70 000 Americans have sickle cell anemia. And about 2 million http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/blood/sickle_cell_anemia.html

KidsHealth Teens Blood Disorders Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder that mostly affects people of African ancestry, but also occurs in other ethnic groups, including people who are of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern descent. More than 70,000 Americans have sickle cell anemia. And about 2 million Americans - and one in 12 African Americans - have sickle cell trait (this means they carry one gene for the disease, but do not have the disease itself). Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes (one from each parent) that cause their red blood cells to change shape. Instead of being flexible and round, these cells are more rigid and curved in the shape of the farm tool known as a sickle - that's where the disease gets its name. The shape is similar to a crescent moon. What Is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects hemoglobin (pronounced: hee -muh-glow-bin), a protein found in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin ( HbA ) move easily through the bloodstream, delivering oxygen to all of the cells of the body. Normal red blood cells are shaped like doughnuts with the centers partially scooped out and are soft and flexible.

8. Sickle Cell Disease Association Of America Education, advocacy, and patient care for Sickle Cell Disease sickle cell anemia Battling Pain". Get to know your neighbors in the Sickle Cell. community by plugging into the Forum. http://www.sicklecelldisease.org/

Home Bookmark This Site (IE Only) CALL FOR ABSTRACTS SCDAA 32nd Annual Convention September 29 - October 2, 2004 Atlanta, Georgia January 20, 2004 Press Release - Please Note! SCDAA relocates National Headquarters National Store temporarily suspending services.

9. Sickle Cell Anemia sickle cell anemia national and international resources, clinics with genetic counselors and geneticists sickle cell anemia. American sickle cell anemia Association. P.O http://www.kumc.edu/gec/support/sickle_c.html

Sickle Cell Anemia American Sickle Cell Anemia Association P.O. Box 1971, 10300 Carnegie Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, Phone: 216.229.8600, Fax: 216.229.4500 URL: www.ascaa.org/ E-mail: ashc@cybernex.net Support Groups Online video Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, Inc. (SCDAA), formerly know as the National Association for Sickle Cell Disease (NASCD) 200 Corporate Pointe, Suite 495, Culver City California 90230-8727, Phone: 310.216.6363 or 800.421.8453, Fax: 310.215.3722, E-mail: scdaa@sicklecelldisease.org What is Sickle Cell Disease? Education materials on Alpha Thalassemia, Beta Thalassemia, Hemoglobin C Trait (AC), Sickle Cell Trait (AS), Hemoglobin E Trait (AE) Map of United States with links to state organizations Uriel Owens Chapter SCDAA, PO BOX 171371, 650 Minnesota Ave., 2nd Floor, Kansas City, KS 66117, 913.621.1713, owens@sicklecellkck.org Sickle Cell Disease Association of Piedmont , NC What is Sickle Cell Disease? Sickle Cell Anemia Research Foundation (SCARF), 2625 Third Street, P.O. Box 206, Alexandria, Louisiana 71309, 877.722.7370, e-mail: scarf@sicklecelldisease.org Regional Organizations, Clinics, Groups

10. Sickle Cell Anemia A definition of sickle cell anemia, what it is, how one gets it, symptoms, statistics and testing. http://www.mamashealth.com/Sickle_Cell.asp

Mamashealth.com Home Blood Diseases Agnogenic Metaplasia Amyloidosis Diabetes Hematuria ... Von Willebrand's Disease Links Crystal Products Email Mama What is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle Cell is an inherited, chronic blood disease where the red blood cells become crescent shaped and function abnormally. When the blood cells become cresent/sickle shaped, they are unable to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to other cells. The Sickle Cell Disease results in anemia (low blood counts), episodes of pain and increased susceptibility to infections. Sickle Cell produces a chronic anemia which may become life-threatening when hemolytic crises (the breakdown of red blood cells) or aplastic crises (bone marrow fails to produce blood cells) occur. If repeated crises occurs, damage of the kidneys lungs , bone, liver , and central nervous system may result. Occasionaly, acute painful episodes may occur. These acute episodes may last hours to days affecting the bones of the back, the long bones, and the chest. What makes the red blood cell become a sickle shape?

11. Sickle Cell Anemia The Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Bethesda, Maryland. sickle cell anemia. MS1 ANATOMY. MS-2 RADIOLOGY. MS-4 ELECTIVE. TROPICAL MEDICINE sickle cell anemia. Introduction. sickle cell anemia (SCA) is caused by a change in the chemical most commonly seen only in sickle cell anemia. Marrow hyperplasia crowds and http://rad.usuhs.mil/rad/home/cases/sickle.html

The Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland Sickle Cell Anemia MS-1 ANATOMY MS-2 RADIOLOGY MS-4 ELECTIVE TROPICAL MEDICINE ... Visit The Main Radiology Website! Sickle Cell Anemia Introduction Ironically, the sickle cell trait (the heterozygous HgbSA - not the homozygous HgbSS) seems to have a protective effect against the malaria parasite. By the time many patients reach adulthood, there is often objective evidence of anatomic and/or functional damage to various tissues due to the cumulative effects of recurrent vasoocclusive (clotting) episodes. However, the course of the disease is variable from patient to patient. Learn More About Sickle Cell Anemia - 1 Learn More About Sickle Cell Anemia - 2 Learn More About Sickle Cell Anemia - 3 You may also want to visit the Sickle Cell Anemia Slide Show. Bone Changes Sickle Cell Anemia and its variants produce roentgenographically similar bone changes. These have been divided conveniently into four groups; Deossification due to marrow hyperplasia Thrombosis and infarction Secondary osteomyelitis Growth defects The first is most commonly seen only in sickle cell anemia. Marrow hyperplasia crowds and thins the bone trabeculae which results in bone weakness and osteoporosis. Bone softening at the centra of the vertebral bodies of the spine occurs in 70% of patients; a biconcave shape results as the intervertebral disks push into the softened bone. Infarction on the vertebral bodies may also result in partial or complete collapse of the central portion as well. The biconcave, or "fish mouth" vertebrae (due to compression of the vertebral endplates above and below the disk space) are virtually pathognomonic of sickle cell disease. Such changes are evident on the enclosed chest X-rays.

12. Naturalhealthlink.com Detailed information on sickle cell anemia symptoms, treatment and diet changes that may be helpful for iron deficiency. http://www.naturalhealthlink.com/ReferenceLibrary/healthnotes.asp?ArticleID=88&a

13. The American Sickle Cell Anemia Association - FAQ'S Search The Site. What is sickle cell anemia. What causes sickle cell anemia. How common is sickle cell anemia. What are signs of sickle cell anemia. http://www.ascaa.org/faq.asp

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14. M. D. Anderson Cancer Center - Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Services, which are for childhood cancers of the blood, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilm's tumor, and noncancerous blood disorders, including sickle cell anemia and immunodeficiency syndromes. http://www.mdanderson.org/departments/pedbmt

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15. Sickle Cell Anemia sickle cell anemia. Introduction sickle cell anemia You may also want to visit the sickle cell anemia Slide Show. Bone Changes Sickle Cell http://radlinux1.usuf1.usuhs.mil/rad/home/cases/sickle.html

The Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland Sickle Cell Anemia MS-1 ANATOMY MS-2 RADIOLOGY MS-4 ELECTIVE TROPICAL MEDICINE ... Visit The Main Radiology Website! Sickle Cell Anemia Introduction Ironically, the sickle cell trait (the heterozygous HgbSA - not the homozygous HgbSS) seems to have a protective effect against the malaria parasite. By the time many patients reach adulthood, there is often objective evidence of anatomic and/or functional damage to various tissues due to the cumulative effects of recurrent vasoocclusive (clotting) episodes. However, the course of the disease is variable from patient to patient. Learn More About Sickle Cell Anemia - 1 Learn More About Sickle Cell Anemia - 2 Learn More About Sickle Cell Anemia - 3 You may also want to visit the Sickle Cell Anemia Slide Show. Bone Changes Sickle Cell Anemia and its variants produce roentgenographically similar bone changes. These have been divided conveniently into four groups; Deossification due to marrow hyperplasia Thrombosis and infarction Secondary osteomyelitis Growth defects The first is most commonly seen only in sickle cell anemia. Marrow hyperplasia crowds and thins the bone trabeculae which results in bone weakness and osteoporosis. Bone softening at the centra of the vertebral bodies of the spine occurs in 70% of patients; a biconcave shape results as the intervertebral disks push into the softened bone. Infarction on the vertebral bodies may also result in partial or complete collapse of the central portion as well. The biconcave, or "fish mouth" vertebrae (due to compression of the vertebral endplates above and below the disk space) are virtually pathognomonic of sickle cell disease. Such changes are evident on the enclosed chest X-rays.

16. Hemolytic Anemia Looks at the course, management and complications of this disease. http://www.fpnotebook.com/HEM49.htm

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17. Carolina WrenPress Nonprofit publisher whose Lollipop Power Books specialize in multicultural, bilingual, nonsexist, and nontraditional children's books. Publishes Puzzles, the story of a tenyear-old girl with sickle cell anemia. http://www.carolinawrenpress.org/

Poetry Carolina Wren Press Poetry Home About Book List Orders ... Contact Us What's New: SPECIAL EVENT: Friday April 16th at 7:30pm, in the Rare Book Room (in Perkins Library), Duke University: A reading by Jaki Shelton Green, Evie Shockley and Shirlette Ammons; Lois Deloatch will emcee, accompanied by guitarist Scott Sawyer . A reception and book-signing will follow. Free and open to the public. For more information, email the press: carolina@carolinawrenpress.org Jaki Shelton Green's singing a tree into dance A chapbook of new work by this fine poet, winner of the 2003 NC Governor's Award for Literature. Retail Price: $10.95. Shipping is only $2.00 for the first copy, 50 cents for each further copy. "Like the verses of Nina Simone, Jaki Shelton Green's poetry exudes such a love and understanding of the truth that after a good read you will be undone." Zelda Lockhart, author of Fifth Born Preston Allen's Churchboys and Other Sinners is now available for $15.95. See our book list for the order information. Churchboys is the most recent winner of the Sonja Stone Fiction competition.

18. Brian's InterPlaza Personal site of Florida native with information and links to information regarding sickle cell anemia http://home.earthlink.net/~brianhender/

It's new and improved! Welcome to my home on the internet.If this is your first time visiting this site, I extend a hearty welcome. If you have visited here before, I hope that you enjoy the new layout and graphics. I don't know if you can tell by the improved graphics on the site, but I am out of the hospital and back at work.Thanks for all the get well wishes and sympathetic letters I hope that visitors will continue to find my site informative, and I look forward to reading more letters from people with Sickle Cell Anemia and their family and friends. I still hope to showcase some of my 3D graphics in this space, and post information for my co-workers regarding the use of the computers in their classrooms. So once I get a grasp of what the common questions are, I will begin a new section on this site. As far as the3D graphics are concerned, well....they come as soon as I get more free time. My thanks to all who have wished me well during the rough times. Also a special thanks to my family, who always encourage me to keep my head up. And a very special thanks to my friends (Kitten, SexySlim, and RawBass), who daily demonstrate to me the meaning of friendship. Sincerely

19. Do You Know About Sickle Cell Anemia? What s sickle cell anemia? What Is sickle cell anemia? sickle cell anemia is a disease caused by a problem with the body s red blood cells. http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/blood/sickle_cell.html

KidsHealth Kids Kids' Health Problems Blood Have you ever seen a sickle? It's a farm tool with a curved, sharp edge for cutting wheat. Sickle cell anemia (say: sih -kul sell uh- nee -mee-uh) is a disease of the blood that gets its name because the blood cells are shaped like a sickle. You or someone you know may have sickle cell anemia. To find out more about it, keep reading. What Is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell anemia is a disease caused by a problem with the body's red blood cells . Normal red blood cells are soft and round like teeny tiny little doughnuts. These normal cells bend and flow easily through small, tube-like blood vessels to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. But sickle cells are different. They're much stiffer, with a curved shape. The hard, curved edges of sickle cells can make these cells get clogged up inside of smaller blood vessels. This keeps blood from flowing properly in the body. Important organs like the brain heart , or kidneys need constant blood flow to stay healthy. Although the body attacks the sickle cells and destroys them, it can't make new blood cells fast enough to replace the old ones.

20. Sickle Cell Anemia Tells what the condition is, how it affects people, how it may be treated and what young people with this condition can do to stay well. http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/blood/sickle_cell_anemia.html

KidsHealth Teens Blood Disorders Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder that mostly affects people of African ancestry, but also occurs in other ethnic groups, including people who are of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern descent. More than 70,000 Americans have sickle cell anemia. And about 2 million Americans - and one in 12 African Americans - have sickle cell trait (this means they carry one gene for the disease, but do not have the disease itself). Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes (one from each parent) that cause their red blood cells to change shape. Instead of being flexible and round, these cells are more rigid and curved in the shape of the farm tool known as a sickle - that's where the disease gets its name. The shape is similar to a crescent moon. What Is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects hemoglobin (pronounced: hee -muh-glow-bin), a protein found in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin ( HbA ) move easily through the bloodstream, delivering oxygen to all of the cells of the body. Normal red blood cells are shaped like doughnuts with the centers partially scooped out and are soft and flexible.

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