61. Regional, Africa, Zimbabwe, Arts And Entertainment: Music the music, the instruments, and the people who play Ephat Mujuru Profile shona Spirit Passing On the Ancestral the practice and study of indigenous music in http://www.combose.com/Regional/Africa/Zimbabwe/Arts_and_Entertainment/Music/

Top Regional Africa Zimbabwe ... Mapfumo, Thomas Related links of interest: Regional:Africa:Arts and Entertainment:Music Albert Nyathi and Imbongi - Information on the group, including current tour information, CD orders, biography, photo gallery and sample sounds. Dandemutande: A Resource for Zimbabwean Music - Dandemutande: A resource for lovers of Zimbabwean marimba and mbira music, including a calendar of events worldwide, a resource guide, a mail order catalog, and articles about the music, the instruments, and the people who play them. Ephat Mujuru Profile - Shona Spirit: Passing On the Ancestral Music. Kunzwana Trust - A non-profit-making organisation which fosters the practice and study of indigenous music in Zimbabwe. Mashoko - Tribute to Simon Mashoko music/recordings, film/video, photo gallery. Mbira - Resource for people around the world who have an interest in Mbira, Marimba and Chimurenga styles of music from the indigenous cultures of Zimbabwe. Related topics, Shona and Ndebele customs, Shona language and literature, traditions and beliefs as they relate to mbira music is also discussed. Mushawaparara Mbira Group - Band history, profiles of members, notes on albums, contact information.

62. Columbus World Travel Guide - Africa - Zimbabwe - History And Government migration of Ndebele people from South africa. The Ndebele, who espoused a Zulu warrior tradition, effectively enslaved the indigenous shona people until the http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/zwe/zwe580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Africa/Zimbabwe/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Zimbabwe hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Africa /Zimbabwe ZIMBABWE History and Government History: Present-day Zimbabwe was the site of a large and complex African civilisation in the 13th and 14th centuries. It was populated by descendants of the Bantu tribes, who had migrated from the north around the 10th century. Mainly pastoral, evidence of their lifestyle may be seen in the ruins of Great Zimbabwe, near the present-day town of Masvingo. The first contact with Europeans was with the Portuguese at the end of the 15th century. Relations between the two were fairly stable – the Portuguese were largely concerned with ensuring communications between their colonies in Angola and Mozambique on either side of Zimbabwe – until the 1830s, when the region was thrown into upheaval by the northward migration of Ndebele people from South Africa. The Ndebele, who espoused a Zulu warrior tradition, effectively enslaved the indigenous Shona people until the end of the century. The main focus of dissent in the early years was Joshua Nkomo’s ZAPU opposition party – ZANU’s former ally in the ‘Patriotic Front’ that fought the guerrilla war against Rhodesia from their bases in Zambia and Mozambique. From 1985, however, the two parties moved towards a merger, which was peacefully achieved in January 1988. Named ZANU-PF, the party assumed undisputed political primacy, unchallenged by any significant opposition until the end of the 1990s.

63. MusicMoz - Regional Africa Zimbabwe people around the world who have an interest in Mbira, Marimba and Chimurenga styles of music from the indigenous cultures of Zimbabwe. Related topics, shona http://musicmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Zimbabwe/

64. Mozambique: A Country Profile With Map Makua, Malawi, Tsonga, and shona Ethnic groups Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South africa, Swaziland Area The indigenous people of Mozambique are descendants of http://gbgm-umc.org/africa/mozambique/mprofile.html

Mozambique A Country Profile from the General Board of Global Ministries, The United Methodist Church Capital: Maputo Government: Multiparty Democracy Population: 18,115,250 million By Gender: 48.6% male, 51.4% female Under 20 yrs: 28.2% male, 27.8% female Density: 58 per square mile Living in urban areas: Annual growth: Annual per capita income: Literacy: Language, official: Portuguese Languages, indigenous: approximately 20, including Xitswa, Makua, Malawi, Tsonga, and Shona Ethnic groups: Bantu tribes Religions: Indigenous beliefs 60%, Christian 30%, Muslim 10% Location: Southeastern coast of Africa Bordered by: Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland Area: 303,769 square miles (about twice the size of California) Coastline: 2000 miles Arable Land: Provinces (10): Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane, Sofala, Manica, Tete, Zambesia, Napula, Niassa, and Cabo Delgado Climate: Tropical to subtropical Rainy Season: October to April Rainfall: 20-30 inches (Southeast Lowlands) to 56 inches (Northwest Highlands) Infant Mortality Rate: Under 5 Mortality Rate: Low Birth Rate: Life Expectancy: 47 male, 51 female

65. Lukol Directory - Arts Visual Arts Native And Tribal Tribal arts and antiques from africa, Asia, Pre Sculptures of Zimbabwe Gallery of shona stone sculpture.. promoting the artisans producing indigenous art forms http://www.lukol.com/Top/Arts/Visual_Arts/Native_and_Tribal/

Lukol Directory - Arts Visual Arts Native and Tribal A centralized source of information about dealers and experts in tribal arts in the Los Angeles area. http://www.ata-la.com/ Rasmussen African and Tribal Art Washington dealer who lived in west Africa for many years. http://users.rcn.com/jeffras/index.html Folk Art International Dealer in tribal arts and antiquities, with many images and some cultural background on objects. http://www.folkartintl.com Gallery Lemaire Images of tribal arts from Asia, Africa and Oceania. http://www.gallery-lemaire.com Brightpath Tribal arts and antiques from Africa, Asia, Pre-Columbian and Oceanic cultures. http://www.brightpath.net Tribal Arts Online On-line version of the magazine, "The World of Tribal Arts". Exhibitions, book reviews, editorials and a discussion board. http://www.tribalarts.com/index.html Ethno-Textil Galerie Tribal and ethnic textiles from Afrcia, Asia and the Americas. In German and English http://www.ethno-textil.com Aboriginals: Art of the First Person Gallery of tribal art from West and Central Africa, Australia, and the Americas. http://www.tribalworks.com

66. Xhosa Page 2 Treatystate system During the 1820s and 30s southern africa was torn apart by violent wars between the different indigenous peoples, the so-called http://www.travel.za.net/africa_xhosa.html

Main Africa Adventure Tours [home] Safari Information A Safari Check List Photography on Safari ... Zimbabwe's History Xhosa Introduction The Xhosa , also often called the “Red Blanket People”, are of Nguni stock, like the Zulu . The name Xhosa is a generalised term for a diversity of proud clans, the Pondo, Bomvana, Thembu and the Xhosa tribe itself. Red and the orange of ochre were the traditional colours of the Xhosa , Tembu and Bomvana (“the red ones”). The first group of early Nguni immigrants to migrate to South Africa consisted of the Xhosa , (made up of the the Gcaleka, Ngqika, Ndlambe and Dushane clans), the Thembu and Pondo. However, a second group of Nguni-speakers joined these tribes later. These were the tribes that Shaka, the Zulu king, drove out of Zululand. Some returned to Zululand when peace was declared, but those who remained became known as the Mfengu and were assimilated into the Xhosa nation. The early immigrants formed the backbone of the Xhosa nation and have good reason to be proud. Not only were they to become the second largest group of Black Africans in South Africa but they were also the only ones that were never defeated or enslaved by any other tribe. Eastern Cape Province They even repulsed the mighty Zulu chief, Shaka. Ex-President Nelson Mandela belongs to this ethnic group. The Xhosa live mainly in the Eastern Cape Province (the former Ciskei and Transkei). The Kei (Great) River marks the boundary of what was once the southern border of the former Transkei.

67. Mozambique of Mozambique.Amongst the indigenous people are the 16 of Mozambique include the shona, Thonga, Chopi http://www.journeymart.com/DExplorer/Africa/Mozambique/default.asp?SubLink=DExpl

68. Brandchannel.com | Country Branding | Eco Tourism in the lore of local indigenous people; the mantis the most adventurous travellers South africa attracts shona Bagley, Group Editor at Conservation Corporation http://www.brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=128

69. Arts > Visual Arts > Native And Tribal arts comprise items made by tribal peoples, usually with of Zimbabwe Gallery of shona stone sculpture Site promoting the artisans producing indigenous art forms http://www.xasa.com/directorio/mozilla/Top/Arts/Visual_Arts/Native_and_Tribal/

Results for Native and Tribal Open directory project Top Arts Visual Arts Search in: Directory Web the entire directory only in Visual Arts/Native and Tribal Tribal arts comprise items made by tribal peoples, usually with utilitarian or ritual purposes, with artistic qualities reflecting the cultures in which they were made. Categories: Africa Asia North America Oceania ... Rugs and Textiles See also: Web pages: Tribal Arts Online On-line version of the magazine, "The World of Tribal Arts". Exhibitions, book reviews, editorials and a discussion board. http://www.tribalarts.com/index.html Ethnographic.com Mostly a series of collections of links to web sites with ethnographic content. The categories include ethnographic art dealers, museums, music, and books. http://ethnographic.com/ Tribal Art Directory Searchable directory of dealers, galleries, museums, with a calendar of upcoming events. http://www.tribalartdirectory.com/ Joel Cooner Gallery Images of African, Asian, and Oceanic tribal art objects. http://www.joelcooner.com Tribal Arts Directory Directory of tribal art related sites. http://www.TribalArtsDirectory.com

70. Land And Spirituality In Africa Clotilde Masbeyezu, Batwa Line Skum, Sami Paul Neshangwe, shona. the spiritual journey of the people of God. the overall worldview of indigenous communities in http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/echoes-16-05.html

The Earth as Mother Land and Spirituality in Africa Articles in this series: Land: Breaking bonds and cementing ties by Edmore Mufema Spirituality, land and land reform in South Africa ... Rev. Rupert Hambira In 1996, Indigenous People met during the Conference on World Mission and Evangelism held in Salvador Bahia Brazil. One year later, the World Council of Churches’ Indigenous Peoples’ Programme (WCC/IPP) in cooperation with the Botswana Christian Council also held a workshop under the theme "Spirituality, Land and the Role of the Churches in the Struggle for the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights" in Gabarone. From that meeting came a call to continue building spiritual,cultural and political identities within the churches in the countries where Indigenous Peoples are located. The areas of critical concern identified were land, protection of rights under international law, preservation/promotion of culture, decision making processes, advocacy, spirituality and networking. In February 1998, some Indigenous Peoples participants who had been at the Gabarone workshop and other representatives from Africa, attended a consultation on "Land and Spirituality" in Karasjok, Norway. Here the world-wide Indigenous Peoples community exchanged ways in which their spiritualities and lands were threatened. From this sharing, ideas of cooperation and responsibilities were discussed. The Indigenous meeting and the statement of Karasjok became a strong challenge to convene in Harare to identify the critical issues affecting African Indigenous Peoples in general. Before the WCC’s eighth Assembly in Harare, "Land and Spirituality: The African Context" was the theme chosen for the workshop the same theme used in Karasjok, Norway. It showed the connectedness between the spiritualities of the Indigenous Peoples and the land on which they originated.

71. Probert Encyclopaedia: People And Peoples (Sa-Sh) were a people settled in Samaria by the Assyrian Kings to replace the indigenous population which had shona. The shona are a Bantuspeaking people of south http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/CD.HTM

Browse: General Information Actors People Gazetteer ... Dictionary People and Peoples (Sa-Sh) (Translations provided by freetranslation.com S. S. MARBLE S S Marble was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maine from 1887 until 1889. S. V. STEWART S V Stewart was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Montana from 1913 until 1921. S. W. T. LANHAM S W T Lanham was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Texas from 1903 until 1907. SAAMI The Saami (Lapp) are a group of herding people living in north Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula , and numbering about 46,000. Some are nomadic, others lead a more settled way of life. They live by herding reindeer , hunting, fishing, and producing handicrafts. Their language belongs to the Finno- Ugric family. Their religion is basically animist, but incorporates elements of Christianity. SAAVEDRA CERVANTES Saavedra Miguel de Cervantes was a Spanish writer. He was born in 1547 at Acala de Henares and died in 1616. He was the author of the book Don Quixote de la Mancha. SABAEANS The Sabaeans were a South Arabian people who attained a position of great wealth and importance as the commercial intermediaries between the East and the Mediterranean lands. They were especially flourishing from the 11th to the 1st century BC; and as early as 1000 BC. They had numerous colonies on the African

72. About Mozambique : Kurarma HIV/AIDS Campaign : Africa : AFSC and 13 national languages including shona, Cinyu and Religion indigenous beliefs (50%), Christian (30%), Muslim of approximately 16 million people where more http://www.afsc.org/africa/aids/mozambique.htm

Kurarama Campaign Home Get Involved: Donate Hygiene Kits Other Ways to Help Learn about HIV/AIDS in Mozambique: About Mozambique HIV/AIDS Epidemic Overview Voices from Manica Province Debt and Global Apartheid ... Kurarma HIV/AIDS Campaign Email this page About Mozambique Mozambique Quick Facts Independence June 25, 1975 Head of State Joaquim Albert Chissano Capital Maputo City Languages Portuguese (official), and 13 national languages including Shona, Cinyu and Swahili Religion Indigenous beliefs (50%), Christian (30%), Muslim (20%) Population 16 million Birthrate 38.2/1000 inhabitants (2003 est.)

73. Exploring Africa -> Teachers -> Curriculum-> Background And History Of African M dreams and spirit possession among the shona (19791980 context of South africa, the Vhavenda people have the Most of of the indigenous religious practices have http://ex.matrix.msu.edu/africa/Live_site/curriculum/lm13/bkgdnotes.html

A brief background and history of African Music Music and Dance Dance, music, and story-telling are among the ancient art forms that have flourished for many centuries in Africa. Music and dance are terms that we will use to denote musical practices of African people. Ancient African society did not separate their every day life activities from their music and other cultural experience. Stone (1998) attests to the difficulty of separating music from the cultural context as she says: Oral traditions African people traditionally and in the modern day have a rich oral tradition that insure the passage of cultural practices from one generation to another. Scholars such as Malmusi, 1990; Rycroft,1962, Stone,1982 argue that oral literature and music are intimately connected in most parts of Africa and are often impossible to separate (Shelemany in Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicans , 2001). Listening has been an important skill that has been perfected by oral traditional practices. A number of African musical songs and dances were and are still transmitted from one generation or group to another by word of mouth.

74. SD: People : Saving To Death: A Study Of Group Based And Other Saving Arrangemen Conservation in africa People Policies and Practice Cambridge shona Customary Law With reference to Management Programme of indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE). http://www.fao.org/sd/PPdirect/PPre0071l.htm

Posted August 2000 Saving to death: A study of group based and other saving arrangements in rural Chivi District, Zimbabwe Selected bibliography Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 ... Chapter 11 Abugre, C. 1999. When credit is not due. In Hospes, O and Bouman, J.A (eds) Financial Landscapes Reconstructed . (Student edition). Alexander, J. and Ranger, T. 1997. Competition and integration in the religious history of western Zimbabwe. Journal of Religion in Africa 26, 4: 1-29. Anderson, D. and Grove, R. (eds.). Conservation in Africa: People Policies and Practice : Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bailey, F. G. 1966. Peasant's View of the bad life in (ed.) T. Shanon. Peasant Societies Hammondsworth: Penguin. Bailey, F.G. 197I (ed.). Gifts and Poison . Oxford : Blackwell. Bailey, F. G. 1977. Promethean Fire. In (ed.) F.G Bailey. Debate and Compromise . Oxford: Blackwell. Bailey, F. G. 1983. Tactical Uses of Passion . London: Cornwell University Press. Bailey, F.G. Stratagems and Spoils. A Social anthropology of Politics . Oxford: Blackwell. Barnett, T 1977.

75. Zimbabwe People - World66 People. Christian part indigenous beliefs) 50% Christian 25% indigenous beliefs 24 Languages English (official) shona Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele http://www.world66.com/world/africa/zimbabwe/people

the travel guide you write Recent Changes login register Home ... Zimbabwe Sections Zimbabwe Map Economy Health ... [Add Section] Maps View Enlargement People [edit this] This is no World66 image. It was found using an Internet search. more.. [Change image] [Upload image] Population: 11 044 147 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (male 2 439 907; female 2 397 761) 15-64 years: 54% (male 2 914 336; female 3 000 442) 65 years and over: 2% (male 133 232; female 158 469) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 1.12% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 31.32 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 20.09 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1 000 population note: there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid employment Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 61.75 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 39.16 years

76. ★ Reviews Of Books About Africa Tonderai is the shona name that sense of Zimbabwe the land and its indigenous people; readers feel on a Bike A Journey Through africa (Canongate Classic http://africa.vacationbookreview.com/africa_44.html

Related Vacation Book Subjects: VacationBookReview afghanistan albania More Pages: africa Page 1 Books to read if you're planning a vacation in "africa" , sorted by average review score: The suns of independence Author: Ahmadou Kourouma Average review score: A Classic Novel Of NEO-Colonial Africa The primus independence of many of the African countries was betrayed again by those who colonized her. Setting up the governments with African officials who were only cover-ups for their European masters. The time which Kourouma writes about in "THE SUNS OF INDEPENDENCE" is Neo-colonial for this reason, to refer to it as post-colonial implys that it is no longer colonized and it obviously is in the novel. The protagonist in his first novel, like that of his second (Monnew), is somewhat of an anti-hero of royalty. He curses the French and the recent indepence even moreso claiming that he would rather have existed in colonial times (13). By showing us the absurdities of both the colonizers and some of the kings they deprived Kourouma points to the more humane way of running a country. Like in "Monnew" Kourouma captures the African female in all of her glory with the female protagonist Salimata. The strength of her character is incredible and inspiring to examine. By dealing with the idea of female oppression (in terms of genital mutilation and many other forms) Kourouma points out that they are the true heroes of Africa growing in fertility among the oppression of the colonizers as well as the men they loved and cared for.

77. CIA - The World Factbook -- Zimbabwe HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS Definition beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24 Field Listing English (official), shona, Sindebele (the http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/zi.html

Select a Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

78. Religions Of The World -- African Links, www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/yoruba.html. Buganda s indigenous Religion A southern Ungandan Tradition, ozric Religions of Zimbabwe The shona Ndebele http://members.aol.com/porchfour/religion/african.htm

Interfaith Religion and Beliefs for an Internet Generation PORCH NUS The E-Zine of The Front Porch Religions of the World African Religions and Their Derivatives African and African-Derivative Religions are a large group of beliefs and practices based upon ancient indigenous faiths of sub-Saharan African peoples. Within the last 100 years in Africa (see Table of Statistics ) indigenous religion has declined under the influence of colonialism, Western acculturation and proselytizing by Islam and Christianity. In the African Diaspora (mainly in the Americas) African-derived belief systems are in a state of impressive growth. ithin just the last two years the amount of information made available through the Internet is also impressive. Some of the best information comes to us from Italy, Sweden and Brazil. We are no longer dependent upon reports from academia or encyclopedias. There are now numerous websites maintained by the faithful themselves and, while the quality and quantity of information varies enormously among them, one may now hear from practitioners their own statements of faith. In many, if not most, cases African spirituality has evolved in the Americas. Ancient practices brought westward by slaves became syncretized, more or less, with religious traditions of the slaves' masters. This syncretization is most noticeable in areas dominated by the Catholic faith and where the celebration of saints, votive offerings and other practices found parallels in ancient traditions.

79. MTHWAKAZI ACTION GROUP ON GENOCIDE AND ETHNIC CLEANSING IN MATEBELELAND AND MIDL and ethnic cleansing) of outbreeding the Ndebele people through the in order to render their historic indigenous areas monolinguistic or shona speaking. http://members.aol.com/maggemm/Cleansing.htm

MAGGEMM 2000 MTHWAKAZI ACTION GROUP ON GENOCIDE AND ETHNIC CLEANSING IN MATEBELELAND AND MIDLANDS 2000 P.O. BOX 22141 LONDON SE18 6WP Email : maggemm@aol.com UNITED KINGDOM Website: http://member.aol.com/maggemm IMBIZO SERIES: 7 17 SEPTEMBER, 1999 ETHNIC CLEANSING AGAINST THE NDEBELE PEOPLE OF MATEBELELAND AND MIDLANDS 1980-1999 1. According to the United Nations Ethnic Cleansing report, ethnic cleansing is defined as "rendering an area ethnically homogeneous by using force or intimidation to remove from a given area persons from another ethnic or religious group". Therefore, alongside the genocide committed against the Ndebele people, Robert Gabriel Mugabe's regime has simultaneously been implementing a complete programme of ethnic cleansing aimed at ensuring Shona hegemony in areas of education, employment, economic development, culture and various others. These areas of great concern are addressed in turn. 2. With regard to education, the regime of Robert Gabriel Mugabe has for the last 18 years been systematically implementing an exclusive education policy aimed at benefitting the Shona people, at the expense of the Ndebele people. This strategy has been effected along the following lines: a) promoting only the Shona teachers to positions of General Certificate of Education (GCE) Examiners at both Ordinary and Advanced levels, who then fail Ndebele pupils and students

80. GREAT ZIMBABWE: INTRODUCTION TO AN AFRICAN JOURNEY The word zimbabwe is derived from the shona language, and of Zimbabwean land by its indigenous people, Zimbabwe has African land for African people will spread http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/zimbabwe.html

THE GLOBAL AFRICAN COMMUNITY T R A V E L N O T E S Supporters of the ruling Zanu PF party protest on a white-owned farm. GREAT ZIMBABWE: INTRODUCTION TO AN AFRICAN JOURNEY By RUNOKO RASHIDI DEDICATED TO THE SCHOOL OF AFRICAN AWARENESS "A nation without a past is a lost nation, and a people without a past is a people without a soul." Seretse Khama T ZIMBABWE The word zimbabwe is derived from the Shona language, and means houses of stone . Due significantly to the actions of Zimbabwe's president Robert Mugabe and the reclaiming of Zimbabwean land by its indigenous people , Zimbabwe has been catapulted prominently into the international news headlines for the past several months. The economy is deteriorating, tourism is down, and a number of people, including several Whites, have been killed over the past few months. There has been great anxiety in many circles that the phenomenon of Africans reclaiming African land for African people will spread to the rest of Africa, and President Mugabe himself has gained a heroic stature among African nationalists. With the completion of my Africa Day lecture series in Namibia on May 28, 2000, I caught an Air Namibia flight from Windhoek, Namibia to Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. After a journey of a little less than two hours, my mission was accomplished. I quickly secured my visa, and stood for the first time on Zimbabwean soil. It was wintertime in Zimbabwe, and the weather was dry and cool. The country was beautiful, the people seemed friendly, and I had the sense of great personal satisfaction that I had realized another dream of a lifetime.

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