21. Journal Of Peace, Conflict And Military Studies similar elements from the Union of South africa, were carried to further break the resistance of the indigenous peoples. of both the Ndebele and shona polities http://www.uz.ac.zw/units/cds/journals/volume1/number2/reviews.html

Journal Menu University Home CDS Home Page Journal Archives Issue Home Page ... Subscriptions Vol. 1, No. 2, November 2000, ISSN 1563-4019 Book Reviews by Gerald Horne (University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 2001), ISBN No. 0-8078-4903, pp. 1-389 Introduction The Zimbabwean political leadership has continued to play the race card trying to draw parallels in the US, seeking to link the current diplomatic hiatus with the race issue as manifested in the work being reviewed as the determinant to the acrimonious relations between Washington and Harare. Back to the top that marched into the country from Bechuanaland [now Botswana]. Marching on a straight line to Mazoe, where gold lodes had been discovered, the Pioneer Column established strategic forts on the border with Bechauanaland, at Tuli, Victoria, Enkeldoorn and Salisbury. They reached Salisbury in September of 1890 and raised the British flag. No significant amounts of gold were discovered and by 1891, the Company turned to other activities in order to survive. To its credit, within a generation, the BSA Co. managed to attract major overseas investment in beef, tobacco, small-scale mining and exploitation of timber and citrus fruit. These financial interests, many of them with linkages to entities in the Union of South Africa, played a similar role as the BSA Co. in facilitating the exploitation of the country.

22. POLITICS-ZIMBABWE: Greatest Cheers For New College Confined To State Media face of dominance by the majority shonaspeakers a development corridor linking South africa s Northern Province indigenous peoples Where are the Missing Women http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=20770

23. The Drum Beat 241 - Communication & Change News & Issues The radio series, broadcast in shona and Ndebele in projects in communities in africa, Asia, Latin Opportunities Challenges for indigenous peoples by Bjorn http://www.comminit.com/drum_beat_241.html

Click here to Custom Search Search by keyword This site CI Network CI + linked sites Linked sites only Home Page Glossary of Terms NEWS The Drum Beat PROGRAMMES Experiences Evaluations Planning Models ANALYSIS Interviews On-line Research Pulse Opinions Base Line ... Trends THINKING Social Change Strategic Thinking Change Theories DIALOGUE CI Forums Other Forums SUPPORT Events Calendar Materials Links Universities ... E-Magasines CLASSIFIEDS Vacancies Consultants Services THE CI About Us Comments FAQ What are you saying about The Communication Initiative? CI SITES The Communication Initiative Soul Beat Africa FOCAL POINTS Children Girls Adolescents Child Protection ... Environment More to come... More to come... PAGE OPTIONS Average Rating: None Given Print-friendly Version Email this page Review this Page Read Reviews To join the 'drumbeatchat forum', please click here Search issues of The Drum B e a t by keyword: - The Drum B e a t - Issue #241 - "Communication & Change News & Issues" March 22 2004 [Click here for Previous Issues] The email and web network from THE COMMUNICATION INITIATIVE partnership - The Rockefeller Foundation, BBC World Service Trust, CFSC Consortium, The CHANGE Project, CIDA, Exchange, FAO, Ford Foundation, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, OneWorld, The Panos Institute, PCI, Soul City, The Synergy Project, UNAIDS, UNICEF, USAID, WHO. Subscribe to The Drum B e a ... t Contact: The Communication Initiative ...global forces...local choices...critical voices...telling stories... EXPERIENCES Interactive Games Project - Bangkok, Thailand

24. African Timelines Part II ancestors of the shona peoples of southeastern Africais the center of Bantu peoples that controlled states, but scholars argue that indigenous slavery was relatively a marginal http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline2.htm

Humanities 211 (Historical Contexts, Oral Arts, Film) Prof. Cora Agatucci 6 October 1998: Learning Resources http://scout.wisc.edu/Reports/SocSci/1998/ss-981006.html Part II: African Empires AD / CE 1st - 15th centuries With Brief Discussions: Axum Advent of Islam Mali Empire Sundjata Keita, Griots ... Timbuktu African Timelines Table of Contents Contribute to African Timelines, add a link, or make a comment! New Submission Form "Let's face it think of Africa, and the first images that come to mind are of war, poverty, famine and flies. How many of us really know anything at all about the truly great ancient African civilizations, which in their day, were just as splendid and glorious as any on the face of the earth?" Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Wonders of the African World (PBS Online,1999): http://www.pbs.org/wonders/BehindSc/inter.htm#5 ca. 300 (to 700) Rise of Axum or Aksum (Ethiopia) and conversion to Christianity. (By CE 1 st century, Rome had conquered Egypt, Carthage, and other North African areas; which became the granaries of the Roman Empire, and the majority of the population converted to Christianity). Axum spent its religious zeal carving out churches from rocks

25. Bibliography Of Indigenous Knowledge And Institutions Resource Values on indigenous peoples Are Nonmarket Valuation Agricultural Water Management in East africa." african Affairs The Rights of indigenous peoples in InterGovernmental http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/wsl/indigbib.html

WORKSHOP RESEARCH LIBRARY Indigenous Knowledge and Institutions (2100 citations) Compiled by Charlotte Hess November 21, 2001 Abay, Fetien, Mitiku Haile, and Ann Waters-Bayer 1999. "Dynamics in IK: Innovation in Land Husbandry in Ethiopia." Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor Abbink, John. 1993. "Ethnic Conflict in the 'Tribal Zone': the Dizi and Suri in Southern Sudan." The Journal of Modern African Studies Acharya, Bipin Kumar. 1994. "Nature Cure and Indigenous Healing Practices in Nepal: A Medical Anthropological Perspective." In Anthropology of Nepal: Peoples, Problems, and Processes . M. Allen, ed. Kathmandu, Nepal: Mandala Book Point. Acheson, James M. 1994. "Transaction Costs and Business Strategies in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." In Anthropology and Institutional Economics . J. Acheson, ed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Monographs in Economic Anthropology, no. 12). Acheson, James M. 1990. "The Management of Common Property in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." Presented at "Designing Sustainability on the Commons," the first annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Duke University, Durham, NC, September 27-30, 1990. Acres, B. D. 1984. "Local Farmers' Experience of Soils Combined with Reconnaissance Soil Survey for Land Use Planning: An Example from Tanzania."

26. Africa Indigenous People Resources Bangwa africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_resourc.htm

Bangwa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA -Bangwa "The Bangwa occupy a mountainous and part forested countryside west of the Bamileke in south-eastern Cameroon, near the headwaters of the Cross River. They comprise nine chiefdoms. People live in separate family compounds, sometimes with large meeting houses where visitors may be received." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/bangwa/welcome.html Bangwa People "Authority among the Bangwa was traditionally instituted as part of the Bamileke political complex. Like most of the western Grasslands people, Babanki political authority is vested in a village chief, who is supported by a council of elders, and is called Fon." You will find material related to Bangwa history, culture, arts, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bangwa.html

27. ZIMBABWE THE KINGDOM OF THE shona. TIMELINE OF THE shona STATES. indigenous people called the San. Shepherd nomads the Khoi - move south from Western africa. http://www.internetpuppets.org/afrzimbabwe.html

INTERNET PUPPET THEATER www.internetpuppets.org GLOBAL STUDIES ZIMBABWE KINGDOM OF THE SHONA PROLOGUE Time and space encapsulate a void in which an entire civilization can be lost for centuries. The Shona Empire encompassed the land mass of Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa. The cities of Mapungubwe, Thelamela and Great Zimbabwe were thriving commercial cities. Commercial traders transported their goods on the Shashe and Limpopo Rivers. These waterways connected the Shona with African east coast commercial trading centers which networked into the markets of India and China. The Shona people built hundreds of cities of stone, crowded with three story apartment complexes, housing tens of thousands of people. They tended vast herds of cattle and grew rich as the cattlemen of Africa. The history of Zimbabwe would be hidden from European perception until the twentieth century. This was the Shona Empire. MAP OF AFRICA THE KINGDOM OF THE SHONA THE KINGDOM OF THE SHONA TIMELINE OF THE SHONA STATES Indigenous people called the San.

28. Great Zimbabwe, Africa's Great Ruin It had been built by the shona, ancestors to structure for the plains of southern africa, joining scores been built south of the Sahara by indigenous people. http://www.theculturedtraveler.com/Heritage/Archives/Zimbabwe.htm

Home Themes Destinations Tourist Boards ... More Heritage Sites Volume 5, February 2003 ISSN 1538-893X Heritage Site of the Month Sheri Leigh, Publisher This Issue Travel after Iraq? African Tour Hosts A Safari Primer Choosing a Safari ... Calendar UNESCO World Heritage Sites The World Heritage Committee has inscribed 721 properties on the World Heritage List (554 cultural, 144 natural and 23 mixed in 124 States Parties). The List, arranged alphabetically by nominating State Party, is current as of December 2001. The list will be updated following the next meeting of the Committee in June 2002. The complete list is at UNESCO’s World Heritage List Editor’s Note: Zimbabwe is currently in turmoil as a result of the conversion of the country to one-man rule by its increasingly dictatorial president, Robert Mugabe. Much of Mugabe’s power rests upon manufacturing and manipulating resentment against the country’s white minority by its largely black population that is becoming increasingly impoverished under Mugabe's theft and graft-based economic policies. Until the turmoil created by this tactic settles down

29. Zimbabwe, Country, Africa: Land And People of the population is African, with the shona group predominant practices a blend of Christian and indigenous religions; the balance of the people are split http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0862063.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Encyclopedia ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Zimbabwe, country, Africa Land and People Bulawayo , Chitungwiza, Gweru, and Mutare. Zimbabwe's official language is English, with Shona and Ndebele being the prominent African languages. Some 98% of the population is African, with the Shona group predominant. Since independence in 1980, the European population of Zimbabwe has fallen to under 100,000. About half the population practices a blend of Christian and indigenous religions; the balance of the people are split nearly evenly between the two. The Univ. of Zimbabwe is in Harare. Sections in this article: Introduction Land and People Economy Government History Bibliography ... Economy The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Search For: Source Type: Documents (from Newspapers, Magazines, Journals, Newswires, Transcripts and Books)

30. Community Perspectives -- TBNRM Areas In Southern Africa Natural Resource Management Areas in Southern africa african environment, the indigenous peoples were not active participants the fact that indigenous peoples and local communities http://www.bsponline.org/bsp/publications/africa/trans_perspectives/tbnrm_comm_p

Study on the Development of Transboundary Natural Resource Management Areas in Southern Africa COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES Simon Metcalfe The Biodiversity Support Program BSP Communications Our communications activities are designed to share what we are learning about how best to achieve conservation while doing it. To accomplish this, we try to analyze both our successes and our failures. We hope our work will serve conservation practitioners as a catalyst for further discussion, learning, and action so that more biodiversity is conserved. Our communications programs include print publications, web sites, presentations, and workshops. Visiting BSP Web Sites We invite you to visit our general and program-specific web sites at the following addresses: www.BSPonline.org Biodiversity Support Program www.BCNet.org Biodiversity Conservation Network www.bsp-kemala.or.id/ KEMALA: Supporting Indonesian NGOs for Community Based Natural Resource Management BSP Listserv Register to receive e-mail updates about BSP through www.BSPonline.org

31. Voices From Africa had set foot in Southern africa, Zimbabweans had are also prevalent among the shona people for whom with the belief system of indigenous people who associated http://www.unsystem.org/ngls/documents/publications.en/voices.africa/number6/vfa

Number 6: Sustainable Development Part 2 Contents: INTRODUCTION AUTHORS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING IN ZAMBIA ... THE POOR PARTNERS' ATTITUDES TO TECHNICAL COOPERATION IN AFRICA CAMPFIRE: ZIMBABWE'S TRADITION OF CARING by Stephen Kasere Much has already been said and written about Zimbabwe's Campfire programme, highlighting how the programme decentralises political and administrative powers to grassroots people, how it distributes millions of dollars to the barefoot masses in communal areas, and how people have adopted eco-friendly views on wildlife and other natural resources as a result of it. But little has been said so far about the significance of the programme to reviving the cultural well-being of the people in Zimbabwe. The cultural component in Campfire not only proves to the world that sustainability is not a creation of western scholarship, as many would argue, but also explains why Campfire has managed to rapidly win the hearts of millions of Zimbabweans when other programmes, both in Zimbabwe and abroad, could not make it beyond the design stage. Prevailing arguments view Africans as non-conservationists at heart who have fallen in love with Campfire only because of the meat and money it generates. My contention, on the contrary, is that the programme has been accepted by people because it does not contradict the African wisdom about environment. While economic incentives are indispensable, the programme preaches and practises sustainable consumption as a vehicle for development. This is the language the Zimbabwean people and their ancestors have been practising since time immemorial.

32. Harare Cityscape In 1896 the increasingly agitated shona and Ndebele peoples, rose up against superior firepower proved too overwhelming for the indigenous people, who were http://members.fortunecity.com/madzimbabwe/Buildings/Cityscapes/Harare/Harare.ht

web hosting domain names email addresses Harare Zimbabwe's capital city of Harare is a metropolitan poster-child for the prosperity of post-Independence Zimbabwe. Since the nation gained its independence in 1980, the city, with its population of over 1,600,000, has been transformed from colonial outpost to capital metropolis. A prime example of a modern African city, Harare is a mosaic of high-rise office blocks and well-preserved, historic buildings. Amongst the concrete and glass structures, there is an ample supply of green lungs - tree-filled parks and other open spaces, which lend this city its vibrant, friendly character. The city borrows its name from the first Shona inhabitants of the marshy flats near The Kopje (inselberg) on which it stands today, who were themselves called Ne-Harawa after the regional chief - Haarare (one who does not sleep). The Mbare people, under the rule of the lower Chief Mbare, controlled the kopje itself. When Chief Gutsa later came to settle in what is now the suburb of Hillside, the inevitable conflict between the two groups, resulted in the killing of Chief Mbare. The Mbare people, moved away, ultimately destined for the rugged western plateau, just north of the Zambezi Valley. Gutsa's success at small-scale combat was no match however for the subsequent intruders.

33. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General shona Karanga. Language. Primary Language shona. Language Code (ROL3) SHD, Ethnologue Listing. indigenous Fellowship of 100+ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=104646&rog3=TZ

34. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General shona. Language. Primary Language shona. Onsite Church Planting Team indigenous Fellowship of 100+ http//www.peopleteams.org/shona. http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=108959&rog3=SF

35. SIRIS Image Gallary Shaangan Shangama, shona Mashona shona Mashona, Siena Basuto, South africa South africa, Swahili Swahili. of the earliest images of indigenous people worldwide; and http://sirismm.si.edu/siris/naaLot97africaculture.htm

Photograph Collection ca. 1860-1960 Africa Culture Groups: African Afrikander Boer Afrikanders Ambo Ovambo Angola Angolan Antandroy Antanosy Anyi-Baule Ashanti Asante Bakota Bambara Bamileke Bangi Bantu Bantu, Interlacustrine Bara Ibara Bateke Baule Boers Boki Nki Bolki Bushmen Cameroon Chagga Wadschagga Chokwe Comoros Congo Democratic Republic Dan Dogon Habe Edo Bini Equatorial Guinea Fang Fan Fang Mpangwe Fang Pahuin Fon Dahomean Gabon Ganda Baganda Gcaleka Ge Gio Gola Hausa (African People) Haya (African People)" Herero Hottentot HottentotGrigriqua HottentotKorana Hura Ibo Igbo Ivory Coast Kalanga Makalaka Kamba (African People) Kissi Kisi Koba Kuba Kongo Konkomba Kota Kru Kru (African People) Kuba Bakuba Kuba Bushongo Kwangare Li Bali Liberia Lika Walika Lori, Barotse Luhya Bantu Kavirondo Lumbo Balumbo" Malagasy Rebulic Malinke Mandingo Mangbetu (African People) Masaka Mbundu Mbweni Namba Ndebele Manala Ndebele Matabele Ngere Ngwaketse Bangwaketse Nigeria Nusani Sarwa Masarwa Owerri Ibo Pelle Pessi Pende Bapende Pondo Mpondo Pygmies Rega Rhodesia Rolong Baralong Ruanda Senufo Shaangan Shangama Shona Mashona Siena Sierra Leone Soho Soko Soko Basoko Sotho Basuto South Africa Swahili Swazi Swazi Amaswazi Syrian Teke Thonga Shangana Tonga Togo Transvaal Ndebele Transval Ndebele Tswana Tswana Bechuana Tuareg Vai Vili Loango Viye Bihe West (African People)s Xosa Kaffir Yaka Bayaka Yombe, Bayombe

36. Tswa It is an indigenous Bantu language. THIS PEOPLE S COUNTRY MOZAMBIQUE (Also in South africa and Major Bantu Languages Makhuwa, shona, Lomwe, Tsonga, Chuabo http://www.imb.org/southern-africa/peoplegroups/Tswa.htm

People Profile The Tswa People Religion: Christianity, Traditional Animism Population: 1,060,000 (1996 estimate) Status: 50% Professed Christianity; 20-25% Evangelical Location: The greatest concentration of Tswa people is in the southern Mozambiquan province of Inhambane. Smaller concentrations live in portions of the provinces of Gaza, Maputo, Manica and Sofala. The Tswa people also live in eastern portions of the Republic of South Africa, and eastern and southern Zimbabwe. International borders were established long after the arrival of these people in this area of Africa. There are basically no significant concentrations of Tswa people living in Mozambique north of the Zambezi River, which more or less divides the country in two. The capital city of Maputo is now home to quite a few Tswa people as well, despite the major people group of the city being people of the Ronga group. Identity: The name of this people in their language is Vatswa. The singular form is Mutswa. They are often referred to, especially by outsiders, as Tswa, following the patterns of English grammar. The Tswa people are part of a larger language/people group called the Tsonga (Vatsonga). The Tsonga encompass three sub-groups: the Ronga, Tswa and Tsonga (Shangaan). These three groups are very similar in practically every respect. They originated from the same indigenous Bantu peoples who came down from the north to inhabit much of what is now called southern Mozambique and portions of several bordering countries.

37. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile . shona THINKER sculptureZimabwe $217.00. Height is 18 inches. Long indigenous repair. Senufo people. Ivory Coast, Mali, Burkina Faso)....... . Full http://www.africadirect.com/specials2.html?category=Specials&pagenum=24&start=69

38. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile . The fabric paintings of the owmen of Zimbabwe, both shona and Ndebele, are immediately...... Holo People. Top has received indigenous r. . . Full http://www.africadirect.com/specials2.html?category=Specials&pagenum=11&start=30

39. Africa Stage: Kevin Dispatch - June 26, 1999 It is the staple diet for most of the indigenous people of Zimbabwe The word sadza when combined with the word for afternoon in the shona language simply means http://www.worldtrek.org/odyssey/africa/062699/062699kevinshona.html

We picked this dispatch as today's "Best." Click here to have future picks e-mailed to you! Music Can Keep a Family Together... Even After Death Click to listen and learn! Zimbabwe Thomas Mapfumo How would you feel, knowing that not only your big brother, sister and parents are looking out for you, but that your grandparents, great-grandparents, and all of their ancestors before them continue to watch over you, protect you and care for your well-being? Well, aside from making you a bit paranoid, you'd hardly ever feel alone and you would probably feel a lot safer wherever you'd go in your life. The Shona believe that death is a passage of the body from one physical form to another, and when the spirit leaves the body, it becomes part of a higher world of living spirits. Although the majority of Shona believe in God, they more widely believe that it is their ancestral spirits that act as their supernatural protectors. This is one of the principal beliefs within the Shona religion, whose customs, like mbira music have all been orally passed down for generations.

40. Africa: Teacher Tips come up with at least ten, even if it means, The people there breathe Includes references to Zimbabwe s major indigenous languages, shona and Ndebele http://www.worldtrek.org/odyssey/teachers/ttips/062399ttips.html

Teacher's Guide June 23, 1999 Update Remember, the "Kids' Versions" are aimed at K-6. Check out this date's update The team generated the following reports: Try the following activities: Abeja - Immersion in Zulu Culture Kid's version available Abeja and Shawn visit the DumaZulu village in KwaZulu-Natal, meeting some of the village's most important figures, learning some vital customs and enjoying a traditional dance performance. This dispatch, along with Abeja's other two, provides a lot of information about pre-colonial and colonial history in South Africa. Have the students write quizzes for each other using her three dispatches, or go ahead and have them try to find answers to these. They're in order, so you may wish to mix them up. Also, try having the students read the three dispatches, then answer these questions quiz-style, without referring to the website, and see if they can answer half of them! What is a Kraal? What is an important symbol of wealth and power to the Zulu? how fo you know if a woman is unmarried? What kind of sin do the Zulu leaders wear?

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