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         Shinto:     more books (100)
  1. A Popular Dictionary of Shinto 1st Ed. by Brian Bocking, 1996-04-11
  2. First Hunter : Spirit Shinto Bk.1 by Dale Elvy, 2001
  3. Shinto and Japanese New Religions (Unabridged) by Professor Byron Earhart,
  4. Shinto: Way Of The Gods by William Aston, 1905-01
  5. The Christian confrontation with Shinto nationalism;: A historical and critical study of the conflict of Christianity and Shinto in Japan in the period ... Philosophical and historical studies) by Kun Sam Lee, 1966
  6. Shinto The Kami Way
  7. A Year in the Life of a Shinto Shrine. (book reviews): An article from: Journal of Contemporary Asia by Geoffrey C. Gunn, 1997-05-01
  8. Zen and Shinto : A History of Japanese Philosophy by Dr. Chikao Fujisawa, 1959
  9. Studies in Shinto and Shrines: Dr. Richard Ponsonby Fane Series, Volume 1 by R.A.B. Ponsonby-Fane, 1962
  10. Religions in Japan. Buddhism, Shinto, Christianity. by William K. Bunce, 1970
  11. Gods of Kumano:Shinto and the Occult. by Shinichi. Nagai, 1968
  12. Ancient Japanese Shinto Ritual For Evil Spirits
  13. Bukkyo, Kirisutokyo, Isuramu, Shinto doko ga chigau ka
  14. THE ARCHEOLOGY OF WORLD RELIGIONS: The Background of Primitivism, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto, Islam, and Sikhism. by Jack Finegan, 1952

101. Shinto
shinto Online Network Association Comprehensive site on the history and tenets of shinto. The Kami of shinto In shinto there are eight million kami….
http://www.storyanime.com/Links/Shinto.htm
Shinto Online Network Association
Comprehensive site on the history and tenets of Shinto The Kami of Shinto
Shinto Texts
Excerpts from the Kojiki and Nihongi, and text of some Shinto rituals Shinto Creation Stories
The Kojiki and Nihongi creation stories, from the creation of the gods to the origins of the Imperial House. Matsuri: Festival and Rite in Japanese Life
Collection of papers on festivals and their role in contemporary society Basic Terms of Shinto
Searchable glossary of names of kami and other terms associated with Shinto Cyber Shrine
Images of notable Shinto shrines Religious Space in the Village As Seen through Festival and Legend
Detailed academic analysis of a village festival in Nagano Prefecture Shinto Text Initiative
Digitized Shinto texts and links to other Web resources on Shinto Table of Asian Gods and Their Associates
The Japanese section of a comprehensive chart of Asian deities and their portfolios. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies Academic journal with English-language articles on Shinto, Buddhism, historical and modern religious practices, New Religions, and more. Online text is available from 1986 on. Shinto Ritual in words and Pictures Furniture of a kamidana, how to make gohei streamers, and more.

102. Japan Is Shinto
Japan Is shinto. Where would we be without rhetorical questions? Click here to enter http//home.rochester.rr.com/philjohn/japan_is_shinto.htm
http://www.japanisshinto.com/
Japan Is Shinto
Where would we be without rhetorical questions?
Click here to enter http://home.rochester.rr.com/philjohn/japan_is_shinto.htm mydomain.com - Register your domain name

103. Mars Tribute: The Shinto Religion
Mars Tribute The shinto Religion. So it didn t officially get a name until hundreds of years later. Beliefs shinto shares many beliefs with Buddhism.
http://www.angelfire.com/anime3/sailorsun/mars.html
Mars Tribute: The Shinto Religion
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Origin: 500 BCE or earlier, and was a mix of nature worship, fertility cults, divination techniques, hero worship, and shamanism. Name origin: Comes from the Chinese "shin tao" translated as "The Way of the Gods" in the 8th century CE. So it didn't officially get a name until hundreds of years later. Beliefs: Shinto shares many beliefs with Buddhism. Both religions are optimistic about human nature and the world. The Buddha was viewed as one of many kamis, or nature deities, within Shinto. Religious texts discuss a "High Plain of Heaven" and a "Dark Land" which is an unclean land of the dead. This indicates that like many religions, Shinto has concepts of heaven and hell. Creation: A divine couple gave birth to the Japanese islands. Their children were the deities of various Japanese clans. Amaterasu, the sun goddess, was their daughter and the ancestress of the Imperial royal family. Other beliefs: ancestor worship
All human life and human nature is seen as sacred. Shinto considers all of humanity "Kami's child."

104. Shintoism
shinto. With the introduction of Buddhism from China in the midsixth century, however, shinto began to be overshadowed by Buddhism.
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~QM9T-KNDU/shintoism.htm
Shinto
The Japanese mythology relates that there was the goddess of the sun and the ruler of the heaven named Amaterasu Amaterasu peeked out from behind a jumbo rock blocking the cave's entrance. The dancing goddess held up a mirror and said, "We are dancing to celebrate for a new goddess." Amaterasu came out to see the new goddess, but what she saw was her own reflection. A powerful god grabbed her out and told never to hide again.
Amaterasu . Though not often referred to today, the Japanese calendar year starts from 660 B.C., the year of his accession. The reigning emperors were considered to be the direct descendant of the Sun Goddess and revered as a living god at one time or another. When the Pacific War was imminent in 1940, the fascist government was boasting it was the year of 2600 to exalt the national prestige, and it even made a song cerebrating the 2600th year.
Entering the medieval ages, emperors and Shinto lost the reigning power and the nation was gradually controlled by the military rulers. The process of blending Buddhism with Shinto progressed, and in the Heian Period (794-1185) Shinto deities came to be recognized as incarnation of the Lord Buddha. The case in point was emerging of the syncretic school that combined Shinto with the teachings of the Shingon sect Buddhism. The basis of the school's belief was that Shinto deities were manifestation of Buddha divinities. Most important was the identification of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu

105. Burningbird » Shinto Commandments?
shinto Commandments? All in all, I like Joi’s shinto beliefs, with the concept of there being room for all gods. Yeah, hard to fight about that one. Shelley.
http://weblog.burningbird.net/archives/2003/08/28/shinto-commandments/
@import url( /burningbird.css ); BURNINGBIRD Tilting at windmills since 2001 Shy Globe of War Main DDT for Comments Shinto Commandments? ... schedule and there are some fascinating events planned. With the weather improving, I should be able to attend several, either Sunday or Monday, or even both if I can be productive tomorrow and Saturday. Speaking of Zen and Japanese religions, Joi Ito writes on being Shinto, especially in regards to the recent fiasco here in the States about a certain huge cement granite statue of the Ten Commandments in a certain court house in Alabama. (Why do these things always happen in Alabama?) Frank Boosman also comments Not everyone agrees with Joi, as you can see from his comments. In particular, Charlie Whipple wrote asked about displaying a statue of the Koran: Freedom of religion aside, Judge Moore seems to have at best a confused notion of law, at worst a completely missing notion of law, and on what principles our laws are based. Islam Judaism, and Christianity all share the same roots, and even much of the same history, and yes, even moral code. And I believe our legal system was not based on the Ten Commandments, and not on Christianity, either. There is a point missed in all of this fuss about Judge Moore that goes beyond this basically uninteresting man, and the point is hypocrisy. It is hypocritical to prevent Moore from having that really ugly piece of

106. Japan - Shinto
shinto. Japan Table of Contents The shinto worldview is of a pantheistic universe of kami, spirits or gods with varying degrees of power.
http://countrystudies.us/japan/60.htm
Shinto
Japan Table of Contents Shinto (Way of the Gods) is the term used to refer to an assortment of beliefs and practices indigenous to Japan that predate the arrival of Buddhism but that have in turn been influenced by it. The Shinto worldview is of a pantheistic universe of kami , spirits or gods with varying degrees of power. Although each person is expected to continue existence as a kami after death, Shinto is concerned with this world rather than with the afterlife. This world contains defiling substances, and Shinto ritual often involves mental and physical purification of a person who has come into contact with a pollutant, such as death. Water or salt commonly serve as purifying agents. Some kami are guardian deities for villages, and thus they symbolize the unity of the human community as well as mediating in its relationship with the natural and supernatural worlds. Japanese legends describe the activities and personalities of the kami . The most well-known legends describe the creation of the human world and trace the origins of the Japanese imperial family to the gods. The latter legend formed the basis of the wide acceptance of the concept of the emperor's divine descent in pre-1940s Japan. In the fifth and sixth centuries, Shinto came under the influence of Chinese Confucianism and Buddhism. From the former, it borrowed the veneration of ancestors, and from the latter it adopted philosophical ideas and religious rites. Because of the popularity of things Chinese and the ethical and philosophical attraction of Buddhism for the court and the imperial family, Shinto became somewhat less influential than Buddhism for more than a millennium. Many people, however, were adherents to both systems of belief. By the seventeenth century, Shinto began to emerge from Buddhism's shadow through the influence of neo-Confucian rationalism.

107. Shinto
shinto. shinto. History and origins shinto is a mix of ancient religions and religious rites which have been followed in Japan since prehistoric times.
http://www.us.omf.org/9292
HOME inside OMF God at work pray ... resources SEARCH SITE FEATURES Countries of East Asia Cambodia China Hong Kong Japan Korea Laos Macao Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Indonesia Shinto Religions Animism Buddhism Chinese Religions Cults ... Shinto
Shinto
History and origins
Shinto is a mix of ancient religions and religious rites which have been followed in Japan since prehistoric times. The first Shinto writings date from the early 8th century AD and describe myths, prayers and religious rites. However, it is not known how accurately these descriptions record early religious practices and beliefs.
It appears that the ancient religions of Japan were animistic, focused on a supernatural force inherent in nature. The agricultural year and phases of the moon were important, as was clan loyalty. Local shamans represented the gods (kami) and averted evil spirits. The roots of contemporary Japanese dance, art, literature and music can be found in the ancient shamanistic rites.
Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism came to Japan in the 6th century AD. In consequence the ancient Japanese religions gradually became more sophisticated and defined. The many local gods became a pantheon of gods and official shrines diluted the importance of local customs and shamans.
Buddhism and Shinto
Around AD 593 Buddhism became the national religion, helping to bring unity to Japan after years of clan warfare. However, clans still followed the ancient Shinto ideas and upheld their importance. In the late 7th century unity was attempted by several emperors who stressed the equal standing of both Shinto and Buddhist rites. At the same time, Shinto was elevated and given stronger national identity by connections with the imperial family. The imperial ancestry was traced back through real and legendary emperors and empresses to Amaterasu, the sun goddess and great grandmother of the first emperor.

108. V“sŒšÝƒz[ƒ€ƒy[ƒW
The summary for this Japanese page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set.
http://shinto.jpc-sed.or.jp/
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ÅIXV“ú: 2003”N11ŒŽ04“ú [FOR English Summary, Click HERE] ‚±‚̃z[ƒ€ƒy[ƒW‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚邲ˆÓŒ©E‚²Š´‘z“™‚Í shinto_webmaster‚܂ŁB

109. Shintô - Accueil
shinto, formation construite avec des musiciens ayant déjà une certaine expérience de la musique power-pop.
http://groupeshinto.free.fr/
document.write('');
Concert
Rappel
dans la rubrique contacts du site...
biographies
infos/concerts photos mp3/videos ... contacts

110. The Spiritual Sanctuary Presents The Essence Of Shinto
Music is called My Blue Heart from Apartment 206. shinto is an ancient Japanese religion. Starting International shinto Foundation. shinto
http://www.thespiritualsanctuary.org/Shinto/Shinto.html
Music is called My Blue Heart from Apartment 206 Shinto is an ancient Japanese religion. Starting about 500 BCE (or earlier) it was originally "an amorphous mix of nature worship, fertility cults, divination techniques, hero worship, and shamanism."(4) Its name was derived from the Chinese words "shin tao" (The Way of the Gods) in the 8th Century CE. International Shinto Foundation Shinto has no real founder, no written scriptures, no body of religious law, and only a very loosely-organized priesthood. Shinto Texts Many texts are valued in the Shinto religion. Most date from the 8th century CE: The Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) (Shinto believes in Kojiki the mythological history of Japan. The Gods of Shinto, which is a polytheistic religion, are said to have created Japan as their image of paradise on Earth, and placed the emperor as it's true ruler. The Emperor is a direct descendant of Amaterazu, the Goddess of the Sun.) The Rokkokushi (Six National Histories) The Shoku Nihongi or Nihon Shoki (Continuing Chronicles of Japan) The Jinno Shotiki (a study of Shinto and Japanese politics and history) was written in the 14th century Shinto Practices Shinto recognizes many sacred places: mountains, springs, etc.

111. How Have We Been Blind For This Long
RELIGIOUSREVIVAL. shinto. Brief History of shinto http//www.religioustolerance.org/shinto.htm. shinto and Buddhism the wellsprings of Japanese spirituality.
http://www.ethiopiawinet.org/god/shinto.htm
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Brief History of Shinto
http://www.religioustolerance.org/shinto.htm
Shinto and Buddhism - the wellsprings of Japanese spirituality.
http://www.askasia.org/frclasrm/readings/r000009.htm
Shinto Glossary
http://www.csuchico.edu/~georgew/tsa/nl/shinto_glossary.html

112. Met Special Topics Page | Shinto
This indigenous Way of the Gods, or shinto, can be understood as a multifaceted assembly of practices, attitudes, and institutions that express the Japanese
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/shin/hd_shin.htm
Related Timeline Content Timelines Japan, 8000-2000 B.C. Japan, 2000-1000 B.C. Japan, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. Japan, 1-500 A.D. Japan, 500-1000 A.D. Japan, 1000-1400 A.D. Japan, 1400-1600 A.D. Special Topics Asuka and Nara Periods Heian Period Jomon Culture Kamakura and Nanbokucho Periods Kofun Period Momoyama Period Muromachi Period Samurai Yayoi Culture Zen Buddhism Maps World Map, 1000-1400 A.D.
Japan
The ancient Japanese found divinity manifested within nature itself. Flowering peaks, flowing rivers, and venerable trees, for example, were thought to be sanctified by the deities, or kami , that inhabited them. This indigenous "Way of the Gods," or Shinto, can be understood as a multifaceted assembly of practices, attitudes, and institutions that express the Japanese people's relationship with their land and the lifecycles of the earth and humans. Shinto emerged gradually in ancient times and is distinctive in that it has no founder, no sacred books, no teachers, no saints, and no well-defined pantheon. It never developed a moral order or a hierarchical priesthood and did not offer salvation after death. The oldest type of Shinto ceremonies that could be called religious were dedicated to agriculture and always emphasized ritual purity. Worship took place outdoors at sites proclaimed to be sacred. In time, however, the ancient Japanese built permanent structures to honor their gods. Shrines were usually built on mountains or in rural areas, often on unlevel ground, without any symmetrical plan.
The Kitano Tenjin Engi Emaki

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113. Shinto - Wikipedia En Español
Translate this page shinto. De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre. shinto sol. Definición del shinto. shinto es una religión que desafía la clasificación.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto
Shinto
De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre.
Shinto shintoísmo (también sintoísmo) es una religión nativa de Japón . Involucra la adoración de kami , o espíritus de la naturaleza. Algunos kami son muy locales y son conocidos como espíritus o genios de un lugar en particular, pero otros representan objetos naturales mayores y procesos, por ejemplo, Amaterasu , la diosa del sol editar
Definición del Shinto
Shinto es una religión que desafía la clasificación. Como una forma sofisticada de animalismo , profundamente mezclada con la cultura japonesa, puede ser considerada una religión primitiva. El shinto no posee textos sagrados, locaciones sagradas para adoración, una deidad mayor ni reglas establecidas para la oración. Puede decirse que fue una ideología legitimizante durante la fase militar de la historia japonesa reciente. En consecuencia, muchas de las "nuevas religiones" japonesas tienen una fuerte influencia shintoista. Uno podría incluso analizarlo desde el budismo , ya que estas dos han ejercido una profunda influencia la una sobre la otra en la religiosidad japonesa. Debido a que el shintoismo no enajena, pretende convertir, criticar ni entra en conflicto con otras religiones, es posible analizarlo desde los puntos de vista del cristianismo hinduismo o incluso el islam
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114. New Page 7
Volume IV, shinto ISBN 1888612-01-0. THIS VOLUME HAS BEEN REPRINTED FOR A 3RD TIME IN A LIMITED QUANTITY. PREFACE MAPS. INTRODUCTION TO shinto. YAMAMSHIRO NO KUNI.
http://www.afuresearch.com/shinto.htm
Volume IV, Shinto ISBN 1-888612-01-0
THIS VOLUME HAS BEEN REPRINTED FOR A 3RD TIME IN A LIMITED QUANTITY
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Table of Contents
Because of variations in servers, long vowels are omitted
REPRESENTATIVE ILLUSTRATIONS OF SWORDS
PREFACE
MAPS
INTRODUCTION TO SHINTO
YAMAMSHIRO NO KUNI
GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE WORK STYLE OF THIS KUNI
WORK STYLE OF THE FIRST PERIOD
WORK STYLE OF THE SECOND PERIOD
UMETADA KEI
OUTLINE OF THE WORK STYLE OF THE UMETADA KEI
WORK STYLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL SMITHS OF THE UMETADA KEI
MYOJU, SHIGEYOSHI, YOSHINOBU, SHICHIZA, HIKOICHI, MOTOSHIGE, MUNESHIGE, MUNEYOSHI, HIGASHIYAM YOSHIHIRA
HORIKAWA KEI
OUTLINE OF THE WORK STYLE OF THE HORIKAWA KEI
WORK STYLE OF INDIVIDUAL SMITHS OF THE HORIKAWA KEI
KUNIHIRO
EARLY WORKS, THE SO-CALLED TENSHO UCHI
LATER WORKS, IN OTHER WORDS, KEICHO UCHI
KUNIMICHI, KUNIYASU, KUNITOMO, MASAHIRO, HIROYUKI
MISHINA KEI
OUTLINE OF THE WORK STYLE OF THE MISHINA KEI WORK STYLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL SMITHS OF THE MISHINA KEI KANEMICHI, YOSHIMICHI, ETCHU NO KAMI MASATOSHI

115. Shinto Or Buddhist
shinto or Buddhist? White lightning bolt shapes are seen throughout shinto shrines. There are two dominant faiths in Japan Buddhism and shinto.
http://www2.imtc.gatech.edu/VRjapan/www/5/570/570i98/570i98.htm
Shinto or Buddhist?
White lightning bolt shapes are seen throughout Shinto shrines. They are said to protect from evil. There are two dominant faiths in Japan: Buddhism and Shinto. Most Japanese follow traditions in both religions, but that does not make these faiths the same. Buddhism reached Japan in the 6th century and is derived from the teachings of the Buddha. Buddha means "one who has awakened." Anyone who "awakens" (by attaining Nirvana) becomes a buddha, but the Buddha is the one who started the faith in the 5th century BC. Buddha's teachings are collected in sutras , which can be found in the Tripitaka (a compilation of documents relating to Buddhist tradition). Because there is no reference to a central deity/creator, some might see Buddhism as a philosophy rather than a faith. That would be getting the wrong idea, as Buddhism is a rich and complex belief system, not just some mental exercise. Unlike Buddhism, Shinto has no recognized originator. It is sometimes said to be Japan's official religion because it developed in that country. Shinto tradition holds that the human race is descended from

116. Welcome To IMJS' Shinto Website
shinto. THE INDIGENOUS RELIGION OF JAPAN.
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ealac/imjs/Shinto/frontpage.html
SHINTO
THE INDIGENOUS RELIGION OF JAPAN

117. Shinto
Guide to shinto. Top shinto Sites XXIII. THE REAL shinto This website is devoted to the Japanese Calligraphy of master calligrapher Eri Takase.
http://www.godserver.com/shinto.shtml

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XXIII. THE REAL SHINTO
"This website is devoted to the Japanese Calligraphy of master calligrapher Eri Takase. Here you will find hundreds of examples of works in Japanese Calligraphy. WHEN the autumn came and the maple trees turned scarlet, the men returned from their long summer holidays. After that Asako's lot became heavier than ever. "What is this talk of tall beds and special cooking?," said Mr. Fujinami Gentaro. "The girl is a Japanese. She must live like a Japanese and be proud of it."
http://www.takase.com/JohnParis/Chapter_23.htm Basic Terms of Shinto: Table of Contents
"Table of Contents. Preface. Foreword to Reprinted Edition. Contributors to the First Edition. Contents. Differences from Reprinted Edition. Glossary of Japanese Names, Terms and Titles in the Text."
http://www.kokugakuin.ac.jp/ijcc/wp/bts/index.html Early Shinto
"A chapter in the learning module "Ancient Japan," "Shinto" explains the overall history and development of Shinto, the nature of Shinto divinities, and the general practice of Shinto worship. CONTENT: ancient Japan Japanese history histories historical philosophy philosphies philosopher philosophers literature literatures poetry poet poets poem poems religion religions religious thought practice practices Nara Heian Tokugawa kokugaku kokugakushu Japanese studies kami god gods goddesses Amaterasu Ama-terasu kannagara deity deities myth myths mythology mythologies worship."

118. Y“Œ‘ºŒöŽ®ƒz[ƒ€ƒy[ƒW
The summary for this Japanese page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set.
http://www.vill.shinto.gunma.jp/
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119. Seite 2 --- 1. Der Shinto
shinto sind
http://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/philo/Japphil/page_2.htm
1. Der Shinto
Shinto , japanisch: Kami no michi = "Der Weg der Götter" oder Lehre vom "Geistesdao" ist die einheimische Mythologie und Religion, die grundsätzlich alle Teile und Bereiche der Wirklichkeit vergöttlicht und jeweils ausgewählten Exemplaren dieser Wirklichkeit einen spezifischen Kult widmet. Diese Gegenstände repräsentieren dann als "Symbole" das Göttliche ( Shin, kami) und werden in den Shintotempeln (Schreine) aufbewahrt und verehrt. Derartige Kultgegenstände sind etwa Bronzespiegel (für den Kult der Sonnengöttin Amaterasu), Steinkugeln, Schwerter, auch besondere Schriften (kotodama, die als norigoto = "Wortgeister" gebethaft an die Götter gerichtet werden). Über den Kult in besonderen Schreinen hinaus zeigt sich populärer Naturkult in der Verehrung mancher ausgezeichneter Örtlichkeiten (z. B. des Fujiama) wie auch in vielerlei Volkssitten wie dem Hanami (Blütenschau im Frühling, besonders Kirschblütenschau), Bonsai (Miniaturpflanzenpflege), Ikebana (Blumenstecken), Chanoyu (Teezeremonie), Geishakult (Kult der Fraulichkeit), Bushido ("Weg des Kriegers", Kult der Männlichkeit), Ahnenkult, Yamatokult (Kult der japanischen Inseln als Götterland), Tennokult (Kaiserverehrung als Kult der Sonnengöttin Amaterasu und ihrer kaiserlichen Nachkommenschaft). Der Shinto wurde erst nach dem Vorbild und in Auseinandersetzung mit konfu-zianischer und buddhistischer Staatstheologie eine gelehrte "Theologie" bzw. Philosophie. Die Grundeinstellung des Shinto ist sensualistisch (Die Wirklichkeit ist sinnlich erfaßbar und nur das so Erfaßte ist real) und ästhetizistisch (Das Wesen der einzelnen Wirklichkeitsbereiche zeigt sich in ihren schönsten und kultisch stilisierten Exemplaren). Entsprechend bildet der Shinto auch die japanische Rezeptionsunterlage für buddhistische (und damit auch daostische) Theorien, die nach shintoistischem Verständnis nur beweisen, daß sich hinter dieser sinnlichen Natur "Nichts" anderes mehr ausmachen lässt.

120. Shinto
shinto. shinto (, pronounced shinto) is the native religion of Japan. shinto is one of those religions that defy classification.
http://www.fact-index.com/s/sh/shinto.html
Main Page See live article Alphabetical index
Shinto
is the native religion of Japan . It involves the worship of kami , or nature spirits. Some kami are very local and can be regarded as the spirit or genius of a particular place, but others represent major natural objects and processes, for example, Amaterasu , the Sun goddess Shinto is one of those religions that defy classification. As a highly sophisticated form of animism , deeply embedded in Japanese society, it could be regarded as a primal religion. One could discuss its use as a legitimising ideology in the militaristic phase of recent Japanese history . To the extent that most of the Japanese "New religions" since the end of the second world war have shown Shinto influence, it is a contemporary phenomenon. And one could even make a case for discussing it under the heading of Buddhism , for these two have exercised a profound influence on each other in Japanese religiosity. The most immediately striking theme in the Shinto religion is a great love and reverence for nature. Thus, a waterfall, the moon , or just an oddly shaped rock might come to be regarded as a kami; so might charismatic persons or more abstract entities like growth and fertility. As time went by, the original nature-worshipping roots of the religion, while never lost entirely, became attenuated and the kami took on more reified and

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