21. Saudi Arabia Introduction - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Re BACK TO history CONTENTS After the Persian Gulf War, however, saudi arabia s concern over and early 1993, the kingdom s concern for regional security caused http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/saudi_arabia/saudi_arabia_history_introduction.h

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Saudi Arabia Introduction http://workmall.com/wfb2001/saudi_arabia/saudi_arabia_history_introduction.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS Figure 1. Administrative Divisions of Saudi Arabia, 1992 SAUDI ARABIA OBSERVED in 1992 the sixtieth anniversary of its existence as a state and the tenth anniversary of King Fahd ibn Abd al Aziz Al Saud's accession to the throne. Rather than adopting the title of king , Fahd was styled in Arabic Khadim al Haramayn, or "custodian of the two holy mosques," thereby stressing the Islamic aspect of his governance. In this regard, he echoed the partnership between the religious and political elements of society established in 1744 by Muhammad ibn Saud, the amir (see Glossary) in Ad Diriyah near Riyadh, and Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab, the shaykh who had come to the area to promote the doctrine of the oneness of God in true Islam. As a result of this cooperation and based on the strict Hanbali interpretation of Islamic law, political rule was the province of the House of Saud (Al Saud), whose leader was also given the title of imam , and religious authority was in the hands of the Al ash Shaykh (the family of the shaykh, Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab). This arrangement, however, did not give unchecked political power to the ruler because in accordance with the precepts of Abd al Wahhab, based on the political theory of Taqi ad Din ibn Taimiya, secular authority must conform to divine law and produce civil order in order to be legitimate.

22. Brown-KFS: Web Resources On Saudi Arabia saudi arabia, regional resources. 14.) http...... culture resources. 13.) http//www.albany.edu/history/ middleeast/saudi.htm http://www.brown.edu/Departments/IESE/KFS/resource/saudi_links.html

Brown University Education Department IESE Web Site Contact Us ... Site Map Web Resources on Saudi Arabia Table of Contents: General Information News Sources/Literature Education Culture/Society ... Appropriate Links for Younger Audiences General Information [ Back to Top http://www.britishcouncil.org/saudiarabia/ infoexch/page5.htm Description: Top Saudi Arabia and Middle East web sites: Web site links dealing with Saudi Arabia and the Middle East, all Middle Eastern sites http://www.saudinf.com/ Description: Saudi Arabia Information Resource: More than 2,000 pages of information on every aspect of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including hyperlinks on keywords within each article and an alphabetized index (http://www.saudinf.com/main/index1.htm) http://www.atlapedia.com/online/

23. Asian American Net: Saudi Arabia Governments on the WWW saudi arabia. National, regional institutions, representations in foreign countries, additional information. saudi arabia history. http://www.asianamerican.net/saudi_main.html

Middle East Bahrain Iran Iraq ... Yemen Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Embassy Address: 601 New Hampshire Ave., NW Washington, D.C. 20037 Phone: 202-337-4076 or, 202-337-4134 E-Mail: info@saudiembassy.net Saudi Embassy Web Page Permanent Mission to the U.N. 405 Lexington Ave., 56th Floor New York, N.Y. 10017 Phone: 697-4830 Fax: 983-4895 E-Mail: saudiarabia@un.int Permanent Mission to the U.N. American Embassy, Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia: US Department of State Background Notes CIA Factbook Country Profile Political Leaders: Saudi Arabia World Flag Database: Saudi Arabia Flags of the World: Saudi Arabia U.S. Energy Information Administration, DOE Country Profile Encyclopaedia Britannica Article Page Saudi Arabia: Library of Congress , Area Handbook Ethnologue: Languages of Saudi Arabia Ain-Al-Yaqeen Al Hayat Al Jazirah ... Asharq Al Awsat , London Economic World (Arabic) Naseej News Saudi Press Agency Government Ministries and Agencies: Ministry of Agriculture and Water Ministry of Education Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Higher Education ... Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration Doing Business in Saudi Arabia: Business Regulations and Procedures Commercial Office , Saudi Embassy, Washington, D.C.

24. Saudi Arabia – History, Government a major turning point in the history of the Since then, the Kingdom of saudi arabia has played a vital message of Islam and has both regional and international http://www.alnokhba.com/saudi-arabia/country-information-history.htm

Jeddah City Map Classifieds Mobile Center E-Cards ... Home Register/Login Jeddah Directory Jeddah Map Commercial Directory Best Buy Special Offers ... Jeddah News Jeddah Information About Jeddah KAA Airport Saudi Arabia Info Saudi Statistics ... Jeddah Links Business Links Saudi Chambers Arab Chambers World Chambers Business To Web ... Tools Live Channels MBC FM Aljazeera BBC CNN Service Center Service Center Login Introduction Population Economy History Culture Travel Information Attractions Fast Facts ... Links Saudi Arabia Info - History HISTORY The Arabian Peninsula has always occupied a strategic position on the trade routes between Africa and India. Prophet Mohammed was born in Mecca, one of the trading centers, in the sixth century AD. After his teachings met with opposition he moved to Medina (Mecca and Medina are the two holy cities of Islam). From there his following grew to such an extent that Madinah, and then Mecca came under his influence and converted to his teachings. Within a hundred years the Islamic Empire spread from Spain in the West to India and China in the East. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established more than 250 years ago when the Emir of Diriyah, Muhammad Bin Saud supported Sheikh Muhammad Bin AbdelWahab's Islamic Reformative Movement in 1157.H/ 1744.AD.

25. Saudi Arabia Energy Oil Information The regional Organization for the Protection of the recorded oil spill in world history, with approximately barrels of oil from saudi arabia s shoreline, the http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/saudenv.html

November 2002 Saudi Arabia: Environmental Issues Introduction Environmental protection issues in Saudi Arabia are strongly linked but not limited to the production, processing and transportation of oil and natural gas. In recent years, Saudi Arabia has been increasing its efforts aimed at protecting the country from various environmental hazards, while attempting to balance these concerns with the country's heavy dependence on hydrocarbon production and export. On the whole, Saudi Arabia is striving to minimize the impacts of the country's hydrocarbons sector on its environment (including the waters surrounding Saudi Arabia). Saudi Arabia also is attempting to safeguard the health of its rapidly growing population.. Saudi Arabia is keen to protect the environmental safety of the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, and the Saudi petroleum industryled by Saudi Aramco, the state oil companyhas contributed to environmental protection through safety measures, early warning systems against possible leakage, and advanced methods to control and contain any pollution. Saudi Aramco's Environmental Conservation Policy directs that the company not create undue risks to the environment, and that operations be carried out with concern for protection of the land, air, and water. Aramco has developed an array of operational requirements, engineering standards, and performance guidelines to implement this policy, including sanitary codes, environmental assessments, bioremediation, air quality and emission standards, noise-control regulations, landfill standards, water recycling procedures, hazardous material disposal rules, and oil spill contingency plans.

26. Table Of Contents Page 7. VII. The Contemporary Period, 1945-2000. 2001. The Enc The Encyclopedia of World history. 2001. Table of Contents. 1. Overview. a. Cultural Developments. b. regional Diplomacy. j. saudi arabia. k. North and South Yemen. http://www.bartleby.com/67/toc7.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The Encyclopedia of World History PREVIOUS CONTENTS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. Table of Contents Page 7 A. General and Comparative Dimensions

27. SAUDI ARABIA AND THE UNITED STATES of 19 Arabs loyal to Usama bin Ladin, including 15 saudis, rearranged regional politics and 956; and Alexei Vassiliev, The history of saudi arabia (New York http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue3/jv6n3a7.html

Volume 6, No. 3 - September 2002 Saudi Arabia and the United States, 1931-2002 By Josh Pollack The U.S.-Saudi relationship is one of America’s most important, enduring, and complex bilateral connections in the Middle East. It has been tested by many issues, including oil policies, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and confrontation with Iraq. Especially after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on America, in which many of those involved were Saudi dissidents, both sides have critiqued and reevaluated that link. This article provides a history of the U.S.-Saudi relationship and discusses its nature, problems, and limits. The enduring contradictions of the Saudi-American relationship have lately inspired comparisons to a marriage of convenience. Its close economic and security links have often been strained by immense political, cultural, and psychological distances. The breakdown of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process in September 2000 brought on a difficult time in the relationship, reminiscent of the period leading up to the oil embargo of 1973-1974; moreover, unlike previous crises in U.S.-Saudi relations, its effects are not mitigated by the commonality of purpose experienced during the Cold War, especially during the 1970s and 1980s. The devastation of September 11, 2001 accordingly dealt a sledgehammer blow to an already unsteady structure. In America, the shock provoked a complicated and angry reassessment, in some ways reminiscent of the reordering of U.S.-Chinese ties after the bloodshed of June 4, 1989 in Tiananmen Square. The Saudis, thrust onto the defensive and frustrated with American policies and undertakings regarding Israel, Afghanistan, and Iraq, have engaged in some reassessment of their own.

28. Saudi American Relations has consistently played an outsized role in regional and world that at no other time in recent history has the need of a friend, such as saudi arabia has been http://www.saudi-us-relations.org/newsletter2004/saudi-relations-interest-02-19.

Topics Saudi-US-Relations.org SAUDI-US RELATIONS INFORMATION SERVICE THURSDAY , FEBRUARY 19, 2004 ITEM OF INTEREST Has Saudi Arabia Been a Positive Influence in the Middle East? By John Duke Anthony Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in History in Dispute, Volume 14, The Middle East Since 1945, First Series by David W. Lesch, Editor. Has Saudi Arabia Been a Positive Influence in the Middle East? By John Duke Anthony Viewpoint: Yes. Saudi Arabia has been successful in building up its infrastructure amid relative political stability and it has been a moderating influence in the region. By John Duke Anthony, National Council on U.S.-Arab Relations , Washington, D.C. Saudi Arabia is a one-of-a-kind country. Alone among the world’s 212 countries, the kingdom is the only one to have entered the international comity of nations in the twentieth century not out from under Western imperial rule. For the past seventy years it is unrivaled in being the United States’ longest-standing Arab ally. State revenues from the Saudi’s prodigious supplies of oil began in the late 1930s. However, these revenues were not large until following the oil embargo of 1973–1974, begun in conjunction with the October 1973 Arab-Israeli War. The Kingdom then entered an era of modernization and development unmatched by any other developing nation and, indeed, by few among the older, industrialized societies in any region.

29. Saudi Arabia- US Relations Newsletter - Middle East Policy From The history of the saudiUS Relationship. and promote peaceful settlement of regional disputes before Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, saudi arabia, and the http://www.saudi-us-relations.org/newsletter2004/saudi-relations-51.html

Topics Saudi-US-Relations.org SAUDI-US RELATIONS INFORMATION SERVICE Newsletter #51 March 29-April 4, 2004 PHOTO OF THE WEEK Riyadh's women's colleges will be transformed into a university, Crown Prince Abdullah, deputy premier and commander of the National Guard, announced this week. more Click Here for Photo Library NEWS Headlines of Interest GulfWire Digest Saudi Arabia News GulfWire Digest Saudi Arabia Business WHAT'S NEW On Relations and Reforms: Secretary of State Colin Powell and Foreign Minister Prince Saud Al-Faisal "Honey & Onions: A Memoir of Saudi Arabia in the Sixties - Author's Foreword & Chapter 4," by Frances Meade "Honey & Onions: A Memoir of Saudi Arabia in the Sixties - Author's Foreword & Chapter 3," by Frances Meade "Future of Oil Supply: Saudi Arabia" ... "A Different View: A Young Saudi Woman Talks About Society and Culture - An Interview with Sahar al Husseini" "

30. Saudi Arabia Theology Shia Islamism in saudi arabia Pilgrimage EDUCATION LABOR OIL INDUSTRY Brief history Oil Industry in MEDIA FOREIGN POLICY regional Security Relations http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/

Saudi Arabia Acknowledgments Preface History The Setting of Saudi Arabia ... Country Studies Index

31. Nasser And Arab Unity A Brief Introduction To The Egyptian President Qatar history regional history to the rise of Qatar as Qatar history Dynasty al Thani features a family saudi arabia Monuments of the Kingdom of saudi arabia http://www.arab.de/arab/Society_Culture/History/more5.html

www.arab.de Jun 2004 Arabs History Add your Site Modify URL What's New? What's Cool? ... Home Page Arab! Business Links Milta Moyen-Orient See Your Ad Here... Pages: Nasser and Arab Unity A brief introduction to the Egyptian president and his role as a leader in uniting Arab-speaking peoples ( Hits: 148 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It National Museum of Ras al-Khaimah looks after all aspects of Ras al-Khaimah's rich heritage, United Arab Emirates ( Hits: 37 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Nubia Sudan Archaeology ( Hits: 104 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Palestine Read about the rich history of Palestine - the land of the Prophets ( Hits: 127 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Palestine - Home of History Current history of Palestine from 1900 up today , photo gallery , Timeline , News ( Hits: 125 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Palestinian Heritage Site The history of Palestine from earliest time to the present conflict. Includes photo galleries, cartoons, and considerable cultural information ( Hits: 309 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It

32. Regional Genealogy And Local History Research Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, saudi arabia, Somalia, Sudan regional Genealogy and Local history Research Copyright http://www.academic-genealogy.com/geneal.htm

LOCAL HISTORY RESEARCH Genealogy and Family History Internet Web Directory Search This Site Regional - World Wide Regional - Continental Sources ... What's New in Genealogy and Family History Resources? REGIONAL - WORLD WIDE FARM ORIGINS: The basic ancestry and historical setting of most of mankind, in all nations and among all peoples since Adam and Eve, have been involved in farming. Agricultural History Almanac.com - The Old Farmer's Almanac Family Life Library: Multigenerational family farming resources Farm and Agriculture and Agriscape History of American Agriculture 1776-1997 Farmers and the Land Farmhouses in the Heartland ... Handbooks for Foreign Genealogical Research and Country Studies and Area Handbooks Online. HISPANIC: Iberia, the Caribbean and Latin America - Portals Finding Your Hispanic Roots HispanicOnline.com Hispanic Reading Room - Library of Congress and Resources Index to the Enciclopedia Heráldica Hispano-Americana H-LatAm International Forum of Latin American History Ibero-American Center: Internet services for Latin America ... Internet Resources For Latin America and Latin American Network Information Center and Organizations History in Latin America Ring of Hispanic Genealogy (elanillo.com)

33. The History Of Sauid Arabia Modern history In the early 18th century, Sheikh Lebanese parliamentarians met in Taif, saudi arabia, in 1989 as a moderator and arbitrator in regional politics http://www.saudiembassy.net/Country/History.asp

Get Updates via Email Have the latest Embassy updates sent to your email About Saudi Arabia Summary Ambassador's Message Country Information Global Trade Education Energy Facts and Figures Government Social Services History Islam Map of Provinces Embassy Information Travel Multimedia Links Home The History of Saudi Arabia The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia enjoys a long and rich history that traces its roots back to the earliest civilizations of the Arabian Peninsula. The region's ancient nomadic peoples developed a deep love for the land as well as a strong sense of independence. With the advent of Islam in the 7th century, tribes and clans were unified under one religion. The Saudi Arabian state was first established in the central region of the Arabian Peninsula in the early 18th century. Modern Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by King Abdulaziz bin Abdelrahman Al-Saud. The nation experienced remarkable growth over a short period, spurred by the discovery of oil in the 1930s. The people of Saudi Arabia now enjoy a high standard of living based on an increasingly diversified economy and have access to the most modern amenities and services. Proud of their history and energetic participants in the successful modernization of their country, today's Saudi Arabians face the future with great confidence.

34. Household Furniture In Saudi Arabia - A Strategic Entry Report arabia (again, benchmarked against regional and global a historical context; history, alas, often final chapters summarize saudi arabia s economic, political http://www.furniture-info.com/1622.htm

HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE IN SAUDI ARABIA A STRATEGIC ENTRY REPORT 1998; 147 Pages; 52 Exhibits; US$ 1400.00 Order #: F1622_1998XX T he primary audience for this report is managers involved with the highest levels of the strategic planning process. TABLE OF CONTENTS (Condensed) What does this report cover? How to Strategically Evaluate Saudi Arabia Latent Demand and Accessibility in Saudi Arabia HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE Latent Demand and Accessibility: Background Latent Demand: Aspects of Interest - Market Profile - Statistical Data - Best Sales Prospects Accessibility: The Structure of Competition - Domestic Production - Imports - End-User Analysis Accessibility: Key Factors - Accessibility: Import Barriers - Distribution/Business Practices - Financing Key Contacts - Trade Promotion Opportunities THE ECONOMICS OF LATENT DEMAND IN SAUDI ARABIA Executive Summary Economic Issues in Saudi Arabia - Economic Fundamentals and Dynamics - Saudi Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) - Opening of Capital Markets - Revision of Laws Affecting Foreign Investment - Privatization - Principal Growth Sectors - Agriculture - Construction - Banking - Oil and Gas - Water Desalination - Government Role in the Economy - Balance of Payments Situation - Inflation and Monetary Policy - The Oil and Gas Sectors - Infrastructure EXPORT ACCESSIBILITY IN SAUDI ARABIA Executive Summary DIRECT INVESTMENT ACCESSIBILITY IN SAUDI ARABIA

35. >> Royal Embassy Of Saudi Arabia London - Profile Of Saudi Arabia - History - Mo Modern history thescenes diplomacy, Lebanese parliamentarians met in Taif, saudi arabia, in 1989 position as a moderator and arbitrator in regional politics. http://www.saudiembassy.org.uk/profile-of-saudia-arabia/history/modern-history.h

Modern History In the early 18th century, Sheikh Muhammad Bin Abdul Wahhab, the son of a religious judge, called on Muslims to return to the original form of Islam. Initially persecuted, he later found protection in the town of Diriyah, which was ruled by Muhammad Bin Saud, a member of the prominent Al-Saud family. The partnership between these two men eventually led to the foundation of Saudi Arabia. By the early 1800s, the Al-Saud family ruled much of the Arabian Peninsula. This rise to power alarmed the Ottoman Empire, which sent forth its armies to contain the influence of the Al-Saud. The Ottomans ultimately captured Diriyah, thus ending the first phase of the Al-Saud reign in 1818. By 1824, the Al-Saud regained political control of central Arabia and once again ruled the region from their new capital of Riyadh, located close to Diriyah. A period of unrest and tribal warfare began in 1865 and resulted in the Al-Rashid family, with Ottoman support, extending its power over the Saudi state. The Al-Saud, under the leadership of Abdul Rahman, were forced into exile in 1891. They lived on the borders of the Empty Quarter before settling in Kuwait. Twenty-one-year-old Abdul Aziz Bin Abdul Rahman Al-Saud left Kuwait in 1901, determined to recapture all of the territory once held by his forefathers and to extend his protection over the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah. In a daring battle he recaptured Riyadh in 1902. This event marks the beginning of the formation of the modern state of Saudi Arabia. After establishing Riyadh as his headquarters, Abdul Aziz proceeded, over the following decades, to unite the different regions into one nation.

36. GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - History Of Saudi Arabia history. the price of oil rose substantially, dramatically increasing saudi arabia s wealth and kingdom assumed a more influential role in regional politics and http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryHistory.asp?CountryID=169&RegionID=3

37. GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - Overview Of Saudi Arabia com saudiaOnLine.com contains information about saudi arabia s geography, history, economy, government saudi arabia saudi arabia Stock Exchange. regional PAGE. http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryIntro.asp?CountryID=169&RegionID=3

38. Saudi Arabia Attractions | Lonely Planet World Guide to have built around, rather than over, its history. the most interesting and friendly of saudi arabia s big cities. The Jeddah Museum, the regional museum of http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/middle_east/saudi_arabia/attractions.ht

home search help worldguide ... Postcards Saudi Arabia Attractions Riyadh Although Riyadh has officially been the capital of Saudi Arabia since 1932, it played second fiddle to Jeddah until the 1970s. Built with oil boom money, Riyadh is now a high-tech oasis of glass, steel and concrete, home to huge hotels, even larger hospitals and one of the biggest airports in the world. The centre of Riyadh is called Al-Bathaa and is the oldest part of the city. Al Bathaa is home to the bus station, GPO and most other things a traveller needs. Most of Riyadh's places to stay are near the bus station, as are the coffee shops and shwarma stands. The Riyadh Museum , to the west of Al-Bathaa, has all the usual stuff covering the history and archaeology of the kingdom from the Stone Age to early Islam. There's an interesting display on Islamic architecture and a separate Ethnographic Hall, with clothes, musical instruments, weapons and jewellery. Signs are in English and Arabic. Once the citadel in the heart of Old Riyadh, the Masmak Fortress was built around 1865 and extensively renovated in the 1980s. Inside the mud fortress there's a nicely reconstructed traditional

39. Foreign Affairs - Book Review - A History Of Saudi Arabia - Madawi Al-Rasheed A history of saudi of leadership used by him and his successors while paying attention to the regional distinctions within saudi arabia and the http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20030101fabook10275/madawi-al-rasheed/a-history-of

A History of Saudi Arabia Madawi al-Rasheed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 255 pp. $55.00 (paper, $20.00) Reviewed by L. Carl Brown, Foreign Affairs January/February 2003 Topics: Middle East The End of the Chalabi Affair? By Daniel Byman, Kenneth Pollack, and Gideon Rose foreignaffairs.org, May 26, 2004 Containing Arab Nationalism: The Eisenhower Doctrine and the Middle East Salim Yaqub. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East Abraham Rabinovich. New York: Schocken, 2004. Resurrecting Empire: Western Footprints and America's Perilous Path in the Middle East Rashid Khalidi. Boston: Beacon Press, 2004. Track-II Diplomacy: Lessons From the Middle East Hussein Agha, Shai Feldman, Ahmad Khalidi, and Zeev Schiff. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2004. An anthropologist, Al-Rasheed has relied on the many Arabic and Western studies available to offer this up-to-date study of Saudi Arabia. Her account steers clear of both the overly heroic and the overly hostile. She brings out well the close Saudi ties from earliest days, first with the United Kingdom and then America. She treats Ibn Saud's matrimonial politics and what might be dubbed the "Arabian style" of leadership used by him and his successors while paying attention to the regional distinctions within Saudi Arabia and the situation of the Shi`a minority concentrated in the oil-producing eastern region. There is also a good description of the dynasty's religious extremists who were crushed in the 1920s (but whose ideological heirs thrive today), but she offers only a single reference to Osama bin Laden. A concluding chapter treats the writings, speeches, and celebrations that figure in the Saudi effort to create a favorable image and the counternarratives of Saudi dissidents.

40. Foreign Affairs - The Saudi Paradox - Michael Scott Doran notion of Islamic community and history, they tend to say, since other sects and other regional identities would for Sunni reformers in saudi arabia to form http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20040101faessay83105/michael-scott-doran/the-saudi

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