61. E Law: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND LANGUAGE indigenous peoples seem to have been making impressive gains in many countries, especiallyin public education. In Norway, sami was again allowed as a language http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v2n1/devarenn21.html

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND LANGUAGE Author: Fernand de Varennes LLB, LLM (LSE), Dr Jur Senior Lecturer, Murdoch University School of Law Subjects: Indigenous peoples - legal status, laws (Other articles) International law (Other articles) Linguistic minorities Issue: Volume 2, Number 1 (April 1995) Category: Refereed Articles [This article is an extract from a much larger work soon to appear in 1995 with Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, in the Netherlands, titled "Language, Minorities and Human Rights". The author wishes to thank Lise Lorrain, of Moncton, Canada, Elizabeth Handsley of Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, Professor Rosalyn Higgins of the London School of Economics, London, England, and Dr Bruno de Witte of the Rijskuniversiteit-Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands, for their kind counsel and assistance.] Language is a gift from the Creator. Embodied in aboriginal language is our unique relationship to the Creator, our attitudes, beliefs, values, and the fundamental notion of what is truth.[1] 1.0 PRELIMINARY REMARKS

62. Operationalizing The Right Of Indigenous Peoples To Self SelfDetermination and Its Significance to the Survival of indigenous peoples (TedMoses Implementation of the Right to Self-Determination The Case of the sami. http://www.abo.fi/instut/imr/books/9521206853.htm

Operationalizing the Right of Indigenous Peoples to Self-Determination Contents: I The Right of All Peoples to Self-Determination in International Law 1. Self-Determination as a Collective Human Right under Contemporary International Law ( S. James Anaya 2. Reconstructing Self-Determination: A Relational Approach ( Benedict Kingsbury 3. Self-Determination and Indigenous Peoples: Objections and Responses ( Patrick Thornberry II Indigenous Peoples and the Right of Self-Determination 4. The Spirit and Letter of the Right to Self-Determination of Indigenous Peoples: Reflections on the Making of the United Nations Draft Declaration ( Erica-Irene A. Daes 5. The Right of Indigenous Peoples to Self-Determination and Effective Participation ( Kristian Myntti 6. The Right of Self-Determination: Indigenous Peoples versus States ( John B. Henriksen 7. The Right to Self-Determination of Indigenous Peoples: Natural or Granted? An African Perspective ( Ayitégan G. Kouevi 8. The Right of Self-Determination and Its Significance to the Survival of Indigenous Peoples ( Ted Moses 9. The Right to Self-Determination under the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (

63. Indigenous Social Justice Strategies And Recommendations - A Brief History Of In The experience of North American Indians and Inuit, Greenland Inuit and sami ofNorthern Europe, and now the indigenous peoples of Northern Russia (including http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/special/rsjproject/rsjlibrary/hreoc/atsisjc_strateg

Reconciliation and Social Justice Library RSJ Home HREOC Index Global AustLII Search RSJ Database Search ... Download Indigenous Social Justice Strategies and Recommendations - A brief history of Indigenous internationalism In years following the Copenhagen beginnings, more large gatherings occurred elsewhere, with Australasian Indigenous peoples joining in when the World Council of Indigenous Peoples was formed in 1975. At that event there were fears for the safety of delegates who had virtually to escape from some Latin American republics to attend. Nuu-chah-nulth Indians 4 with Winchesters guarded the perimeter of the reserve which was the conference site. Some delegates were jailed, others harassed, on their return home. That historic gathering was neither radical nor violent; it was a meeting of oppressed peoples struggling to survive and to ensure that their cultures survived. The atmosphere was often one of great pain, and the influence which became dominant was the calming and healing voice of the spiritual leader of the Six Nations (Iroquois), Oren Lyons. The international Inuit Circumpolar Conference (ICC), founded in Alaska in 1977 as a result of the 1973 Copenhagen meeting and with some of the same persons involved, has concentrated on important local issues. Pollution from ocean shipping, offshore drilling, and onshore waste disposal threaten the maritime livelihoods of Inuit along coasts of Greenland, Canada, Alaska, and Russia, so they have shared expertise for negotiating better outcomes with governments and industry.

64. Indigenous Social Justice Strategies And Recommendations - (iii) Research And Do with Canadian and Greenland Inuit, Norwegian sami and Pacific A pilot project in internationalIndigenous cooperation among marine peoples would be http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/special/rsjproject/rsjlibrary/hreoc/atsisjc_strateg

Reconciliation and Social Justice Library RSJ Home HREOC Index Global AustLII Search RSJ Database Search ... Download Indigenous Social Justice Strategies and Recommendations - (iii) Research and documentation; an internationalist think tank Academic research has been the greatest source of information about international developments, but has too often been obscure, timid, or late. What is needed is immediate material with practical political and public policy focus. This should be made widely available to Indigenous organisations, libraries and governments. (See Recommendation 5 below.) In making this recommendation, I note that during the International Year of Indigenous People, one of the needs identified was more information about developments relating to Indigenous peoples in all countries. In fact, the General Assembly of the UN recognised the need within the United Nations system to aggregate data specific to Indigenous peoples. 7 Accordingly, the development of an international research project is being proposed as a priority activity for the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples. This international recognition of the importance of conducting focussed research, and making such research available to the peoples and governments who need it, lends weight to the proposal that such a project be established in this country. There are some studies which need to be undertaken urgently and their results published. For instance, the concerns expressed by politicians of all parties for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and community conditions encourage us to look at Norway. Since World War II the Norwegian government has brought all Northerners, including impoverished Sami settlements, a level of public services and personal conditions on its isolated and mountainous Arctic coast equal to the best in the world.

65. Forum For Development Cooperation With Indigenous Peoples 2003 Institusjon/person) Email forum@sami.uit.no Forum for development cooperationwith indigenous peoples Centre for sami Studies University of Tromsø Norway. http://www.siu.no/kalender.nsf/0/a65f90950cbbcca1c1256d1d003d82b0?OpenDocument

66. Sami People sami AN indigenous PEOPLE. The sami are one of the indigenous peoplesin Europe. A people is considered indigenous if its ancestors http://www.yle.fi/samiradio/saamelen.htm

SAMI - AN INDIGENOUS PEOPLE The Sami are one of the indigenous peoples in Europe. A people is considered indigenous if its ancestors inhabited the region at the time of conquest or colonization, or before the establishment of present state boundaries. An indigenous people has its distinct e.g. cultural or social institutions which go back to its history. SAMI POPULATION In the Nordic countries, the definition of who is Sami is based on language criteria. A person is considered Sami if he consideres himself Sami and either has himself learned Sami or has at least one parent or grandparent who has learned Sami as his mother tongue. In Norway, there are more than 40,000, in Sweden more than 20,000, in Finland 6,500, and in Russia 2,000 Sami. The area inhabited by the Sami reaches in Norway and Sweden south to the level of Vaasa, in the north to the Arctic Ocean, and in the east, to the Kola Peninsula. The southern border of the Sami Region in Finland is situated in the northern part of the municipality of Sodankylä. About a third of the Sami population in Finland lives outside the actual Sami Region. SAMI LANGUAGE There are several Sami languages, even as many as nine (depending on the definition of language). The Sami speaking the different dialects do not necessarily understand each other. The Sami languages are related to Finnish. In Finland, three Sami languages are spoken: the North Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami. North Sami is the most common one, and it is spoken widely in the northern parts of the Sami Regions in Finland, Sweden and Norway.

67. LookSmart - Directory - Indigenous Peoples indigenous peoples. indigenous peoples Learn about the culture andhistory of indigenous peoples from regions around the world. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317916/us147916/us10133057/

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Society Indigenous Peoples - Learn about the culture and history of indigenous peoples from regions around the world. Directory Categories Australian Aboriginal Aymara Aztec Basques ... Yao/Iu Mien People Directory Listings About CONFENIAE Read news, find map, and publications for the Confederation of the Nationalities Indigenous to the Amazon in Ecuador. Done in Spanish and English. NativeWeb Database of materials about indigenous peoples of the world. Offers forums and articles indexed by subject, nation and geographic region. Orinoco Online Dedicated to preserving the legacy of the indigenous societies of the Venezuelan Amazon. Find details of the twelve distinct societies, interactive map, and videos. We're always looking for ways to improve your search experience. Tell us how we're doing. Join the Zeal community and help build the "Indigenous Peoples" Directory Category IN the directory this category About Us Advertise with Us Advertiser Log-in Terms of Service

68. Minorities And Indigenous Peoples Exercise Exercise Discuss in groups what the implications of preserving the indigenousSami people and their culture and traditional sources of livelihood are. http://www.ykliitto.fi/ourcomhr/26minorex.html

Minorities and Indigenous Peoples Exercise: Discuss in groups what the implications of preserving the indigenous Sami people and their culture and traditional sources of livelihood are. Should the Sami reindeer husbandry give way, for example, to a nickel mine or cutting down trees if the national economy gained more profit from such activities? And furthermore, how should we deal with a situation in which the pressure affecting the diminishing reindeer pastures threatens the ecological balance of the region? Back

69. Indigenous People And The Nuclear Age The sami. An indigenous community in Norway whose practice of life as herdspeoplewas radically altered by their (continuing) experience of Chernobyl. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/technical/factsheets/indigenous.html

HOME ABOUT US FACT SHEETS TREATIES ... CONTACT US ASPECTS OF DISARMAMENT Legal Political Social Technical ... About Us Search: Indigenous People and the Nuclear Age Making the Connections The Western Shoshone tribe of North America was guaranteed ownership of a huge portion of what is now Nevada, Idaho and some of California in the 1863 Treaty of Ruby Valley. Contrary to the expressed desires of the Shoshone people, over 700 nuclear tests were detonated at the Nevada Test Site which is part of this land. The US Department of Energy has chosen Yucca Mountain, also in Nevada - which is on the land of the Paiute nation - as a burial ground for high level radioactive waste from US civilian nuclear power plants. The mountain has at least 35 active earthquake fault lines running through it. Native nations have been part of the story of nuclear contamination since the dawn of the atomic age. Indigenous peoples have been disportionately affected by the international nuclear weapons and power industries. The Marshall Islanders "My own health has suffered as a result of radiation poisoning. I cannot have children. I have had seven miscarriages. On one of these occasions, I miscarried after four months. The child I miscarried was severely deformed - it had only one eye. In 1978, I had thyroid surgery to remove nodules … I have lumps in my breasts, as well as kidney and stomach problems, for which I am receiving treatment. My eyesight is blurred, and everything looks foggy to me" (IPPNW

70. Gender & Race In Media: Native American And Other Indigenous Peoples Samefolket English language news of the sami, indigenous people regions of extremenorthern Europe including northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland and the Kola http://www.uiowa.edu/~commstud/resources/GenderMedia/native_txt.html

Aboriginal Media Program - First Nations Technical Institute "This three-year post-secondary program leads to either a diploma in print and broadcast journalism. . . delivered through 15 two-week on-site sessions and industry work placements over three years. . . the training is rooted in Aboriginal learning styles and culture. The facilitators are industry media professionals." Aboriginal Multi-Media Society The Aboriginal Multi-Media Society is a non-profit society and publishes Windspeaker, Alberta Sweetgrass, Saskatchewan Sage and Raven's Eye Native newspapers. AMMSA owns and operates a 24 hour Aboriginal radio station - CFWE-FM Aboriginal Voices Magazine News and perspectives about the lives and experiences of Native Peoples in North America. Look in the archives for full text of past issues. The Aboriginal Youth Network An "online resource created by yourth for youth" that maintains ongoing chats, links to streaming audio radio broadcasts, aboriginal news from the Canada, Australia, the US, and other places around the world. AYN hosts several other Web sites in the Cyberskins section including: Youth Driven, Redwire Magazine, Environmental Youth Alliance, Daybi, and Redhiphop.

71. The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Indigenous Studies CWIS George Manuel Librar US 501(c)(3) research and education organization dedicated to wider understandingand appreciation of the ideas and knowledge of indigenous peoples and the http://www.cwis.org/wwwvl/indig-vl.html

The WWW Virtual Library Alphabetical Category Subtree Library of Congress The World Wide Web Virtual Library: INDIGENOUS STUDIES The Center For World Indigenous Studies (CWIS) and the Chief George Manuel Library are pleased to support and contribute to the development and maintenance of the World Wide Web Virtual Library The Indigenous Studies Virtual Library provides links to: General Indigenous Studies Resources I ndigenous Resources for Africa Indigenous Resources for Asia and the Middle East Indigenous Resources for Indigenous Resources for Europe Indigenous Resources for North America Indigenous Resources for the Pacific Other Useful Resources Other World Wide Web Virtual Library Sites If you wish to register a resource with the Indigenous Studies WWW Virtual Library, please use our Site Submission Form . For other inquiries, please e-mail the Chief George Manuel Library Librarian This site is maintained in conjunction with the Australian National University's Aboriginal Studies WWW Virtual Library Circumpolar WWW Virtual Library containing links to Circumpolar Indigenous resources.

72. A SIMPLE REQUEST ****************** Many Of Our Files Are Unique not distinguish between the intellectual property rights of sami and other Rapporteurto the spiritual and cultural attachment of indigenous people to their http://www.cwis.org/fwdp/International/95-12808.txt

http://www.halcyon.com/FWDP/cwiscat.html Center For World Indigenous Studies P.O. Box 2574 Olympia, WA U.S.A. 98507-2574 FAX: 360-956-1087 OCR Provided by Caere Corporation's OmniPage Professional

73. Barents The authorities’ new policy and treatment of the sami as indigenous people hascontributed to the revitalisation of the sami culture, language and identity. http://arcticcentre.urova.fi/barentsinfo/ENVIRONM/04.htm

Indigenous Peoples in the Barents Region Cultures in the Northern parts of the Barents Region have remained vital and resilient, despite tremendous social, demographic, and technological changes during the twentieth century. The lives of indigenous and other Arctic peoples are closely linked to local resources, particularly by their dependence on wildlife harvesting, which form a basis for indigenous society, cultures, and economies. Spiritual ties to the environment are strong, and the diet is based on traditional foods. In addition to the general health problems in the north-west Russia, the Nenets population appears to have increased immune deficiency. Local medical experts connect this with the consequences of atmospheric nuclear tests carried out at the near-by Novaya Zemlya archipelago between 1955-62, as these heath problems are found to occur 1.6 times more frequently among the native population relative to newcomers. It should also be noted that from 1982-92, the average annual increase of cancer morbidity among the Nenets people was 9.8 %, relative to 2.4 % among the Russian population. The drinking water supply in Naryan-Mar is taken from the Pechora River. Accidents along the oil pipeline in the Komi Republic have led to the release of vast quantities of petroleum hydrocarbons. There is a fear that some of the petroleum may be transported with the Pechora River to the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

74. LWF News - Sami People Support Autonomy Within Church Of Sweden transcended parish boundaries. There are an estimated 17,000 membersof the indigenous sami people in Sweden. According to the sami http://www.lutheranworld.org/News/LWI/EN/1449.EN.html

The navigation bar requires JavaScript. To activate JavaScript please modify your Internet browser options. The Lutheran World Federation Lutheran World Information Sami People Support Autonomy within Church of Sweden Sami Council to Clarify Possible Consequences STOCKHOLM, Sweden/GENEVA, 12 May 2004 (LWI) Kyrkans Tidning According to the Sami parliament, a distinct congregation for the Sami would give them the possibility of appointing their own pastors and other church workers. They would have their own premises, could promote the Sami liturgy and provide better pastoral care. There are currently five non-territorial congregations within the Church of Sweden. Their continuation was affirmed after a 2000 discussion, also linked to the new church constitution. More than 80 percent of the Swedish population belongs to the 7.1-million member church, the largest of the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) member churches. During the LWF Tenth Assembly, July 2003 in Winnipeg, Canada, Indigenous Peoples for the first time in the history of the LWF had meetings in which they shared their concerns and need to stand together in addressing common issues. Representatives of Indigenous Peoples from Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Greenland, Honduras, India, Papua New Guinea, Norway and Sweden formulated the issues that confront them in a message that was presented to the Assembly. The Assembly in its Message acknowledged that the Indigenous Peoples feel powerless and voiceless regarding self-determination, access to education, health care and job opportunities.

75. Indigenous People - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia expansion. By the 17th century, indigenous peoples were commonly labeled uncivilized .Proponents aberrigines, nomads. . List of indigenous peoples. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_people

Indigenous people From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Indigenous people are: People living in an area prior to colonization by a state People living in an area within a nation-state, prior to the formation of a nation-state, but who do not identify with the dominant nation. The descendants of either of the above Indigenous people are sometimes referred to as aborigines or as autochthonous , a Greek term that means "sprung from the earth". Greek authors of the classical period referred to the indigenous people of Greece, who had lived there since before any of the waves of Hellenic migration, as " Pelasgians ." In antiquity, the Greek term for all non-Greek speaking peoples was " barbarians Indigenous people are also sometimes identified as primitives, savages, or uncivilized. These terms were common during the heyday of European colonial expansion. By the 17th century, indigenous peoples were commonly labeled "uncivilized". Proponents of civilization, like Thomas Hobbes , considered them merely savages; critics of civilization , such as Jean Jacques Rousseau , considered them to be " noble savages ". Those who were close to the Hobbesian view tended to believe themselves to have a duty to

76. Human Genome Project Patenting Indigenous People Most recently, a sami indigenous women s group at the Beijing Women s Conferenceadded its voice to indigenous people s organisations that have denounced the http://www.dartmouth.edu/~cbbc/courses/bio4/bio4-1996/HumanGenome3rdWorld.html

Human Genome Project Patenting Indigenous People from an email list (Third World Network Features), 2/23/96 Abstract About the writers : Hilary Cunningham is Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame. Stephen Scharper is Visiting John A O' Brien Instructor, Department of Theology, University of Notre Dame. Third World Network Features On 14 March 1995, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) obtained a patent on the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid the basic constituent of the gene) of an indigenous man from the Hagahai, a people who live in a remote region of Papua New Guinea. The NIH patent established claim on a cell line in the Hagahai male which is linked to adult leukaemia. The DNA, it is presumed, will assist scientists in understanding the enhancement or suppression of an immune response to a leukaemia-associated virus. The Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) is at the vortex of this controversy. Established in 1991, the HGDP brought together anthropologists and geneticists concerned that the Human Genome Project betrayed an ethnocentric bias. It was, they claimed, too narrowly focused on Anglo-European populations. Aspiring for a more diverse and therefore more extensive catalogue of human genes, these scientists felt that a broader sampling of ethnic populations would not only better the project's goal to combat common human diseases, but also assist anthropological efforts to reconstruct the story of human evolution and explore issues of human adaptation. The HGDP today represents an informal consortium of international scientists and universities who aspire to collect information on human genome variation.

77. Rangifer.net - Research Resources in Russian gives a good detailed overview of the present state of indigenous peoplesof Russia. Reindeer essential part of sami culture and their economy. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~arctic/rangifer/resresources/herding.html

You are here: Rangifer.net Rangifer research resources Rangifer research resources - Reindeer herding and husbandry If you would like to add a link to be listed here, please fill out our contact form or contact the webmaster About the resources Research institutions Past fora and conferences ... Photo galleries Reindeer herding / husbandry Reindeer Research Program - University of Alaska, Fairbanks The Reindeer Research Program takes an active role in developing and promoting the reindeer industry in Alaska. Since its inception, the program has been active in reindeer/caribou research activities. Second World Reindeer Herders Congress Held in Inari, Finland on June 18-23, 2001. The World Reindeer Herders Congress serves as a forum to exchange information and increase cooperation between reindeer herders. 11th NOR's Conference on Reindeer Research Held at the Finnish Reindeer Research Station, Kaamanen, Finland, in June 2001. Invited speakers presented papers on the main topic of the meeting «Artifical feeding of Reindeer». Scroll down for the report. Sustainable Reindeer Herding and Husbandry The main focus of the international workshop (8-11 March 2000) was on circumpolar reindeer husbandry, but issues raised by the hunting and management of caribou and wild reindeer were also discussed.

78. Sami @ Www.Sweden.org An introduction to the sami people General presentation and description of the samipeople (the native and indigenous population of the Scandinavian peninsula http://www.sweden.org/Society/Ethnicity/Sami/

Home Sami (26) Website related to Sami: The Centre for S¡mi Studies at the University of Troms¸ Various documents about S¡ni issues at the University of Troms¸, Norway): S¡mi research and education. Indigenous Peoples' Research Network. Research documentation. S¡mi Library Resources (in Norwegian). Publications from the University Museum. Download area for research papers and computer tools for writing S¡mi. Forum of S¡mi Women The forum is a network for local and regional development. Information about past an present projects. An introduction to the Sami people General presentation and description of the Sami people (the native and indigenous population of the Scandinavian peninsula), the texts focus on conditions in Sweden, yet gives briefs on the situation in Norway, Finland and Russia as well. Site maintained by Sami journalist who stresses that this is no "official" site. The Kola Sami in Russia From the Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. "The authors of the present book, who come from a country (Estonia) which has shared the fate of nations in the Russian and Soviet empires, endeavour to publicize the plight of the small nations whose very existence is threatened as a result of recent history. Perhaps it is not too late to give a supporting hand to them without an attempt at either ideological brainwashing or economic exploitation." (Introduction). Northern Lavvu - Makers of Sami tents Northern Lavvu: offering traditional Sami tents for fellow Sami and friends. Minneapolis-based small-scale manufacturer. Site contains excellent introduction to the Sami tent with illustrations from classical literature.

79. Startsiden ABC An Introduction to the sami People. Association of Gypsies / Romani International. CenterFor World indigenous Studies Home Page. Cultural Survival. doCip. http://home.no.net/studyweb/indigen.html

FastCounter by bCentral Since December 17 1997 Last updated: October 27 2003 E-mail: studyweb@start.no Langenberg SearchEdu How to choose a Search Engine or Directory ... Hjem

80. The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples II. Terms Commonly Used when Speaking about indigenous peoples Human Rights. InternationalInstruments for the Protection of indigenous peoples’ Human Rights. http://wwwserver.law.wits.ac.za/humanrts/edumat/studyguides/indigenous.html

STUDY GUIDE: The Rights of Indigenous Peoples Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Article 3 Introduction Terms Commonly Used when Speaking about Indigenous Peoples' Human Rights Rights at Stake International Instruments of Protection ... Resources I. Introduction Who are Indigenous Peoples? People who inhabited a land before it was conquered by colonial societies and who consider themselves distinct from the societies currently governing those territories are called Indigenous Peoples. As defined by the United Nations Special Rapporteur to the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Indigenous communities, peoples and nations are (Martinez-Cobo, 1984) self-determination ; based on their respect for the earth. Despite such extensive diversity in Indigenous communities throughout the world, all Indigenous Peoples have one thing in common - they all share a history of injustice. Indigenous Peoples have been killed, tortured and enslaved. In many cases, they have been the victims of genocide. They have been denied the right to participate in governing processes of the current state systems. Conquest and colonization have attempted to steal their dignity and identity as indigenous peoples, as well as the fundamental right of

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