81. NYCO's Blog: Rwanda historical conditions that contributed, but the real changes started to happen in 1990 or so.) For instance, Frontline mentioned rwanda s culture of obedience http://www.silent-edge.org/mt/nyco/000348.html

NYCO's Blog Welcome to the Land of Silly Names Main April 02, 2004 Rwanda I watched last night's Frontline report, Ghosts of Rwanda . Frontline has dealt with Rwanda in depth over the past 10 years, but this show concentrated pretty much on US/UN reaction (or rather, lack thereof) and on Westerners who helped. This had the unfortunate effect of making the two-hour program not very illuminating to people who are becoming more conscious of what happened due to the added publicity over the 10th anniversary. This is disappointing, because one of the things people need to learn is how Rwandan society was, in the space of about three years, essentially groomed for genocide by its leaders. (There were, of course, historical conditions that contributed, but the real changes started to happen in 1990 or so.) For instance, Frontline mentioned "Rwanda's culture of obedience" but did not elaborate; the hate-radio station RTLM was briefly alluded to but the show should have gone into more depth to explain; and needless to say, an interview with one surviving Tutsi and one Hutu just doesn't communicate the whole picture. An excellent resource on the how and why of the leadup to genocide is Leave None to Tell the Story from Human Rights Watch. (Does reading about the innocent popularity of RTLM not leave bloggers with a certain chill?)

82. Rwanda - Christianity Today Magazine Congo Egypt Ethiopia Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Mozambique, Nigeria rwanda Senegal Sierra Hot Issues Faith Thought Churches Ministry culture Technology http://www.christianitytoday.com/ctmag/features/international/africa/rwanda.html

Explore ChristianityToday.com: -Home Page -Search -Christianity Today Magazine -Free! Newsletters and more! CHURCH/MINISTRY -LeadershipJournal.net -Church Products/Services -BuildingChurchLeaders.com -Conferences -Small Groups PREACHINGTODAY.COM -Sermon Illustrations -Sermon Transcripts -Audio Tapes COLLEGE/SEMINARY -Christian College Guide BIBLE -Bible Studies CHRISTIAN LIFE -Today's Christian -Spiritual Help -Sports - Christian Athletes -Global Christianity -Church Locator COMMUNITIES -Women -Men -Marriage -Parenting -Singles -Teens -Kids MEDIA GUIDE -Movies -Music INTERACT -E-cards - Free! -Message Boards SHOPPING -Books -Music -Our Store -Videos -Gifts -Classifieds -Personals -Home School Center MAGAZINES -Christianity Today -Campus Life -Christian Parenting Today -Today's Christian -Leadership -Marriage Partnership -Men of Integrity -Today's Christian Woman -Your Church Education Family Life Ethics Persecution ... The Dick Staub Interview Film Forum Corner Christian History Corner Marilyn Chandler McEntyre Frederica Mathewes-Green Reflections var zcode = " " document.write(zcode)

83. Afrika.no - The Index On Africa - Culture You are here index Countries rwanda culture. culture. Resources on music, art, languages and way of life. African Writers Index http://www.afrika.no/index/Countries/Rwanda/Culture/

the Index News Update Opinion ... find: in Entire afrika.no Index on Africa News Update Norske Sider English Pages You are here: index Countries Rwanda : Culture Culture Resources on music, art, languages and way of life. African Writers Index: Rwanda Biographies and bibliographies of Rwandan writers. Benjamin Sehene Site by the Rwandan author Benjamin Sehene. Ethnologue Database A catalogue of more than 6,700 languages spoken in 228 countries. The Ethnologue Name Index lists over 39,000 language names, dialect names, and alternate names. The Ethnologue Language Family Index organizes languages according to language families. Top of page Search for a link: this category and subcategories the entire Index on Africa More search options The Norwegian Council for Africa The Solidarity House Osterhausgt. 27 N-0183 Oslo Norway Email: afrika@afrika.no Phone: +47 22989312 Fax: +47 22989301 about the nca contact us Africa News Update Join our free newslist, Africa News Update , and keep yourself updated on what's happening on the continent! Enter your email: Join Remove Contribute Help us expand and improve the Index on Africa: Add a Resource Modify a Resource Comments Login about webmaster NORAD

84. The Rwanda Crisis; History Of A Genocide; Gérard Prunier Contents Foreward Map of rwanda 1. Rwandese Society and the Colonial Impact of fighting Foreign intervention Settling down into a war culture The reorganisation http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/catalog/data/023110/023110409X.HTM

Order Info F.A.Q. Help Advanced ... BUY ONLINE June, 1997 paper 389 pages ISBN: 0-231-10409-X Columbia University Press December, 1995 cloth 389 pages ISBN: Columbia University Press New Book Bulletins The Rwanda Crisis History of a Genocide "In this first English-language analysis of the Rwandan genocide, Prunier speaks from the unique persective of a knowledgeable but critical insider who is familiar with both the French establishment and the Rwandan Patriotic Front. In a lively and engaging voice, he offers the reader information unlikely to be found elsewhere." Foreign Affairs The Boston Book Review In the spring of 1994 the tiny African nation of Rwanda exploded onto the international media stage, as internal strife reached genocidal proportions. But the horror that unfolded before our eyes had been building steadily for years before it captured the attention of the world. In The Rwanda Crisis The Rwanda Crisis Expertly leading readers on a journey through the troubled history of the country and its surroundings, Prunier moves from the pre-colonial Kingdom of Rwanda, though German and Belgian colonial regimes, to the 1973 coup. The book chronicles the developing refugee crisis in Rwanda and neighboring Uganda in the 1970s and 1980s and offers the most comprehensive account available of the manipulations of popular sentiment that led to the genocide and the events that have followed. In the aftermath of this devastating tragedy

85. SOS Children's Villages: Country Information On Rwanda Livestock mainly consists of goats, cattle, sheep, and pigs. culture. The richness of Rwandan culture is apparent in the wide range of fine crafts. http://www.sos-childrensvillages.org/html/country_information_on_rwanda.html

Country Information on Rwanda Mountainous Rwanda is located on a highland plateau averaging 1,200 to 2,000 in elevation. Eastward, toward the Tanzanian border, the land slopes downward to a series of marshy lakes along the upper Kagera River. On the western side of the plateau there is a mountain system rising up to about 2,740 m, Country Information on Burundi Savannah vegetation (grassland interspersed with trees) predominates in most of the country. Eucalyptus, acacia, Country Information on Namibia Vegetation is sparse in the deserts, but a woodland savannah is found on the central plateau with plants that have adapted to the aridness (hair... Country Information on Kenya In the forests along the coast palms, mangroves, teak trees, and sandalwood trees grow. In the lowlands up to an altitude of approximately 900 m... Country Information on Rwanda Terrain Mountainous Rwanda is located on a highland plateau averaging 1,200 to 2,000 in elevation. Eastward, toward the Tanzanian border, the land slopes downward to a series of marshy lakes along the upper Kagera River. On the western side of the plateau there is a mountain system rising up to about 2,740 m, forming the watershed between the Nile and Congo river systems. The Virunga Mountains, a volcanic range that forms the northern reaches of this system, includes Volcan Karisimbi (4,507 m), Rwanda's highest peak. West of the mountains the elevation drops to about 1,460 m in the Lake Kivu region. Climate Rwanda has three main seasons: a short dry season in January, the major rainy season from February through May, and another dry period from May to late September. The average yearly rainfall is 790 mm and is heaviest in the western and north-western mountain regions. Wide temperature variations occur because of elevation differences. The average daily temperature in the Lake Kivu area is 23°C. In the mountains in the northeast, frost may occur at night.

86. Cultural Insights: Rwanda - Cultural Context Unfortunately, there are not many influential works written about Rwandan culture and nor are there many authors who writing in French or English who are http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/cfsi-icse/cil-cai/inter-source/cc-en.asp?iso=rw

87. The State | 05/06/2004 | When It Comes To Brutality, Culture Is Irrelevant that torture or mass murder could have happened only in a particular culture has deep even if they don’t say so, that the mass slaughter in rwanda would not http://www.thestate.com/mld/state/news/opinion/8599997.htm

Search: Articles-last 7 days Articles-older than 7 days The Web for News Business Sports Entertainment ... Homes var request_url = escape(document.location.href); var request_domain = ".thestate.com"; Jobs Search List Cars ... Classifieds Announcements Obituaries Weddings Engagements Anniversaries Services Contact Us Start/Stop Paper Make payment EZ Pay Subscriptions ... The State Friday, Jun 11, 2004 Opinion email this print this Posted on Thu, May. 06, 2004 When it comes to brutality, culture is irrelevant By ANNE APPLEBAUM Washington Post They also took photographs of themselves, grinning and pretending to shoot at the genitals of their captives, even though the prisoners came from a society that values physical modesty, even though some of the guards were women. Finally, they took photographs of at least one other Iraqi who had, apparently, been beaten to death. Those responsible did not commit these acts because they were Americans, although some will surely say so. But nor did being American stop them. Reach Ms. Applebaum at applebaumanne@washpost.com

88. Afrol Rwanda Index Page: Links To Rwuanda of articles on different themes. economy, culture, etc in rwanda. It offers too basic facts, events and news relatively updated. http://www.afrol.com/Index/countries/rwandaindex.htm

The Rwanda Index Page Welcome to our guide to links about Rwanda in the www. On the left, an updated list of contents. For those wanting to read some general information, statistics, etc. about Rwanda, see our Background Page or go to general information in the link list. If you are looking for first hand information of high scientific value about Rwanda, have a look at our Rwanda Searches - the direct access to the databases of several UN-organizations and others. It's right below Index Pages to other African Countries There are index pages to all African countries here on afrol.com. They are all built in the same structure, so that you can find what you are looking for as easily as possible. To find other countries, pass by our Countries Index Page or "jump" directly from the menu below: Countries Page Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Brazzaville Congo Kinshasa (DRC) Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The

89. Web Directory: Regional/Africa/Rwanda/Society And Culture/History/Genocide Internet Resources on Genocide in Regional/Africa/rwanda/Society and culture/History/Genocide. Includes site previews,links to traffic http://web.politinfo.com/dir/Regional/Africa/Rwanda/Society_and_Culture/History/

the entire directory only in Genocide Web Directory Regional Africa Rwanda ... History : Genocide Web Directory offers listings of web sites, site previews, plus links to detailed information such as traffic rankings, user reviews and related sites. Get the Free Alexa Toolbar Related Categories Regional: Africa: Regions: Central Africa: Society and Culture: Conflicts Society: History: By Time Period: Twentieth Century: Genocide Society: Issues: Warfare and Conflict: War Crimes Society: Issues: Warfare and Conflict: War Crimes: International Criminal Court Web Sites African Writers Index: Genocide Biographies and bibliographies of Rwandan writers and their works about the genocide url: www.geocities.com/africanwriters/Genocide.html Get Site Info Amnesty International USA Rwanda Video In 1994, close to one million people were killed in a planned and systematic genocide in Rwanda. This video documentary attempts to discover "why" and "how" this occurred. url: www.amnesty-usa.org/country/rwanda/

90. Rwanda Vacation Guide: Romantic Rwanda Vacations, Rwanda Safaris rwanda Overview. rwanda is a landlocked country in central/east Africa. Visas are not required for American citizens entering rwanda for less than 90 days. http://www.travelwizard.com/africa/Rwanda_Overview.html

Site Index Africa Luxury Vacations: Call 1-415-662-2683 to book. Open every day! Places in Africa Algeria Angola Benin ... Zimbabwe Rwanda: Overview Rwanda is a landlocked country in central/east Africa. It is recovering from a civil war and genocide in which as many as one million Tutsis and Hutus were killed. Hotels and guest houses are adequate in Kigali, the capital, and in major towns, but they are limited in remote areas. ENTRY REQUIREMENTS: A passport and evidence of yellow fever immunization are required. Visas are not required for American citizens entering Rwanda for less than 90 days. U.S. citizens planning on working in Rwanda should apply for a work permit at the Department of Immigration as soon as possible after arrival in Rwanda. Detailed entry information may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda, 1714 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington D.C. 20009, telephone 202-232-2882, fax 202-232-4544, Internet site: http://www.rwandaemb.org/rwanda/. Overseas inquiries may be made at the nearest Rwandan embassy or consulate. Travelers who wish to travel to the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC) with visas and/or entry/exit stamps from Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda or Zimbabwe may experience difficulties at the DROC airport or other ports of entry. Some travelers with those visas or exit/entry stamps have been detained for questioning in DROC.

91. Africatime - Rwanda - Translate this page La pièce rwanda 94 se déplace sur un lieu de massacres (AFP 19/04/2004) Dix ans après, ils sont revenus avec recueillement sur une des collines de Bisesero http://www.africatime.com/rwanda/pays.asp?no_categorie=4

92. Alexa Web Search - Subjects > Regional > ... > Rwanda > Society And Culture > Hi Ghosts of rwanda Why did the US and the world fail to intervene in genocide? 4. Verdicts on the crime of genocide www.un.org/law/rwanda Site Info. http://www.alexa.com/browse/categories?catid=85268

93. ODP: Regional:Af Rica:Rwanda:Society And Culture:Religion This software available soon at The Software Studio, Sun May 16, 2004. http://beta.thesoftwarestudio.com/Regional,Af rica,Rwanda,Society_and_Culture,Re

This software available soon at The Software Studio Fri June 11, 2004 Top Regional Af rica Rwanda ... Religion Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor Looking for Adult Content?

94. United Nations Library - Culture - Exhibitions/Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda Translate this page http://www.unog.ch/library/culture/afficherwanda.htm

95. Bibliothèque Des Nations Unies - Culture - Expositions/Tribunal Pour Le Rwanda Translate this page (Seulement en anglais). http://www.unog.ch/library/culture/french/afficherwandafr.htm

Seulement en anglais)

96. IHT: Rwanda's Growing Faith: Islam Libya did build a grand cultural center for Muslims in rwanda more than 20 years ago, and Saudi Arabia also provides financing for some of the mosques. http://www.iht.com/articles/513696.html

This site requires Javascript to be turned on. ?" TARGET="_top"> ?" BORDER=0 WIDTH=468 HEIGHT=60> Sections Front Page Business Business Asia by Bloomberg Technology ... Article Index Regions Americas Asia - Pacific Europe Publishing Partners Services Currency Converter Weather International Funds Sponsored Sections ... Help Search Articles by Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday ... Weekend Rwanda's growing faith: Islam Marc Lacey/NYT Wednesday, April 7, 2004 KIGALI, Rwanda When 800,000 of their Tutsi countrymen were slaughtered in a massacre that began 10 years ago this week, many Rwandans lost faith not only in their government but also in their religion. Today, in what is still a predominantly Roman Catholic country, Islam is the fastest-growing religion. Many people, disgusted by the role some Catholic priests and nuns played in the genocide, have shunned organized religion altogether, and many more have turned to Islam. "People died in my old church and the pastor helped the killers," said Yakobo Djuma Nzeyimana, 21, who became a Muslim in 1996. "I couldn't go back and pray there. I had to find something else." Wearing a black prayer cap, Nzeyimana was one of nearly 2,000 worshippers at the Masdjid Al Fat'h last Friday. The crowd was so large that some Muslims set their prayer mats on the dirt outside the mosque and prayed in the midday heat.

97. Seminar In Kigali The Constitution must take due account of the socioeconomic and cultural realities of our country, reflect the positive values of Rwandan culture and include http://www.ipu.org/splz-e/kigali01.htm

INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION PLACE DU PETIT-SACONNEX 1211 GENEVA 19, SWITZERLAND SEMINAR ON THE THE PROCESS OF ENGENDERING A NEW CONSTITUTION FOR RWANDA Kigali (Rwanda), 20-22 June 2001 The seminar was held in Kigali, on the premises of the National Assembly, on "The Process of Engendering a New Constitution for Rwanda" for Rwandan MPs, representatives from the PRO-FEMMES TWESE HAMWE Rwandan women’s associations, and delegations from the President's Office, the Primate's Office, the Government, the Supreme Court, the Legal and Constitutional Committee and other national committees, international bodies in Kigali and other partners of the Forum of Rwandan Women Parliamentarians (FFRP). Parliamentary delegations from Burundi, South Africa and Tanzania were also present, and their comments and experience with regard to engendering the Constitution and other laws were very enriching. The seminar was organised by the National Assembly and the Forum of Rwandan Women MPs (FFRP), in cooperation with the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the United Nations Development Programme. During the three-day event, participants didiscussed the following main topics: functioning of the Legal and Constitutional Committee in Rwanda and progress report on the proceedings; integrating gender policy in the Constitution; the inclusion of principles of gender equality and women’s human rights for a gender-sensitive Constitution; a comparative study of issues linked to the elaboration of a new Constitution; the Constitution and the law; elaboration of laws, including that of the national budget, which take gender issues into consideration; women’s access to decision-making; persuading the Government to take more account of women’s needs, and gender integration strategies in the Poverty Reduction Programme.

98. The Salt Lake Tribune -- Utah's Statewide Newspaper Explaining the Rwandan massacres by pointing to primitive Rwandan culture doesn t explain the Cambodian massacres, which took place in a very ancient, very http://www.sltrib.com/2004/May/05072004/commenta/commenta.asp

document.writeln(AAMB1); WORLD UTAH BUSINESS SPORTS ... CLASSIFIEDS FRIDAY May 07, 2004 Quick Search Commentary Columnists Commentary Public Forum Utah Politics ... Bagley Gallery How to submit a public forum letter: Mail: Public Forum Salt Lake Tribune P.O.Box 867 Salt Lake City, Utah 84111 E- mail: letters@sltrib.com (NO attachments) Fax: Click for guidelines, tips and how to submit editorials... News Contents Past Editions ... Privacy Policy Iraqi prison debacle shows even Americans are capable of abuse, atrocity By Anne Applebaum The Washington Post WASHINGTON A few years ago, a scholarly book with the provocative title Hitler's Willing Executioners climbed to the top of U.S. best-seller lists. In part the book attracted attention because its author located the origins of the Nazi death camps in the German national character, in German history and in the specific nature of German anti-Semitism. What happened in Germany, he implied, could never happen anywhere else. Certainly it could never happen here. The argument that torture or mass murder could have happened only in a particular culture has deep appeal: No wonder it has been made so many times, about so many cultures. During any conversation about the Soviet Union, someone will eventually claim that Soviet totalitarianism derived from ancient Russian traditions of czar-worship. Many people also assume, even if they don't say so, that the mass slaughter in Rwanda would not have happened in a less primitive, more "civilized" place.

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