61. Hist1107 - The Roman Empire From Augustus To Theodosius in roman government and Law, Oxford 1965 The nature of the Emperor s job *FGB Millar JRS 57 (1967), 9ff (Emperors at work) The roman empire and its http://rubens.anu.edu.au/raid5/teaching.backups.2003/teach/romanart/bibliographi

1 course unit On-line resources for Ancient History UCL Centre for the Classical World Contact Course Tutor 3. THE NEW REGIME: 1- JULIO-CLAUDIAN MONARCHY Texts Res Gestae Divi Augusti , Oxford 1967 (Latin text with English translation and notes) esp. 15-18 Tacitus, Annals Book 1 (Penguin) Suetonius, Life of Augustus (Penguin) Velleius Paterculus Book 2 (Loeb) Cassius Dio, Books 51-56 (Penguin), esp. 53.4, 53.11-12.3 Sherk, nos. 2; 4; 7; 13; 15; 25; 31; 38; 52; 55; 82 General discussions The Cambridge Ancient History , Vol X, Cambridge 1996 A.H.M. Jones Augustus , London 1970 A.H.M. Jones Studies in Roman Government and Law , Oxford 1965 R. Syme The Roman Revolution , Oxford 1939 R. Syme The Augustan Aristocracy , Oxford 1987 Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects , Oxford 1984 Between Republic and Empire , Berkeley 1990 Z. Yavetz Plebs and Princeps , Oxford 1969 G.W. Bowersock

62. UNM - Quantum Spring 1998 - Not Since The Roman Empire Not since the Fall of the roman empire has the so rich a laboratory for the social sciences and law. opportunity to see a system of government develop from http://www.unm.edu/~quantum/quantum_sp1998/russia.html

NOT SINCE THE ROMAN EMPIRE The Fall of the USSR Opens Up Opportunities for Research and Technical Assistance by Valerie Roybal O n December 21, 1991, 11 high-level communist party officials passed a resolution that proclaimed "the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall henceforth cease to exist." It was an extraordinary occurrence, instituting an agreement which transformed the political and economic relationships that defined that neighborhood and the entire world community for the previous 50 years. The event was unprecedented in modern times. Not since the Fall of the Roman Empire has the world changed so dramatically for so many people. The occurrence did not only open up the countries of the former Soviet Union to extreme transformation, it opened up potentially endless opportunities for economic development and one of the richest laboratories for social scientists, professional and layman alike. Since this fall of the Soviet Union, Gregory Gleason, associate professor of Political Science and Public Administration and chair of the Russian Studies Program at UNM, has been actively involved in research and technical assistance in the former USSR. As a researcher and scholar, he has been recording and analyzing the transition and post-transition phases into democracy, as well as participating in the groundwork for the formation of the new social institutions that will define these countries and impact the world for the next 50 years and beyond. Photo by Anvar Ilyasov

63. Florida Holocaust Museum - Antisemitism - Roman Empire village of Nazareth on the border of the roman empire. the fundamental concepts of the Law and the was increasing pressure from the roman government for Jews http://www.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/antisemitism/roman_empire.cfm

Arts Drama Literature Music ... Site Map Roman Empire Topics: Early Christianity Constantine Fall of the Roman Empire Carolingian Empire Early Christianity Hatred of Jews intensified in the first and second century of Christianity. Jesus was born a Jew and considered himself part of the Jewish community in the Galilean village of Nazareth on the border of the Roman Empire. He and his followers adhered to the Jewish way of life; Jesus preached a gospel that accepted the fundamental concepts of the Law and the Prophets. See also PBS' Frontline series, " From Jesus to Christ: The First Christians ." The separation between Jesus and his followers on the one hand, and Jews on the other hand, sharpened when the followers of Jesus claimed that he was the Messiah of Israel. This led to the foundation of communities of Jews not conforming to the Laws of Moses. Within a short time the non-conforming Jews formed a majority, and by the year 70 C.E., the schism was more marked. Image: Arch of Titus in Rome. This detail depicts the destruction of the second Beit HaMikdash (Temple) in 70 Common Era (C.E.).

64. Yale University Press - Publisher Of Fine Books contributes to our understanding of late roman history. and western parts of the empire.”Marietta Horster of Theodosius s editors and of government and law http://www.yale.edu/yup/books/079001.htm

Search for a Yale book Browse our Books Contact Us About the Press Sample Chapters ... Go to our London site POPULAR PAGES Yale Series of Younger Poets Metropolitan Museum of Art Books Fixing Intelligence: For a More Secure America by William E. Odom "General Odom uses the unique insight gained from years of experience in the intelligence business to explain in plain language an issue that is critical to U.S. national security—intelligence community reform. A valuable resource to expert and novice alike, it serves both as an excellent introduction to the intelligence community, and also as a valuable guide to the current debate over how to proceed with intelligence community reform."—Senator Richard C. Shelby The facts behind the summer blockbuster The Day After Tomorrow Red Sky at Morning: America and the Crisis of the Global Environment by James Gustave Speth " Moviegoers inspired to learn more will benefit from a new book called 'Red Sky at Morning' by James Gustave Speth, dean of the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Yale. The book, an overview of environmental threats, provides a list of the already observable consequences of warming... as well as a forecast of even greater calamities."

65. Dante's World Government an argument to move beyond a law of nations Indeed, Christianity requires that the roman empire be legitimate. Only the representative of the government of the http://pages.prodigy.net/aesir/dwg.htm

Alternative History Eschatology History Literature ... Reply to John J. Reilly Here nnnnnnnnnnnn Dante's World Government: De Monarchia in the 21st Century By John J. Reilly “In writing the introduction to a work of political philosophy there is a temptation to attribute more importance to the work in question than it can properly claim. With Dante's Monarchy this temptation scarcely arises; for many have dismissed the treatise as a dream, the vision of an idealist out of touch with political realities who was yearning for an Empire that had passed away.” S o wrote Donald Nicholl in his introduction to the English translation (Noonday Press, 1954) that I used for this essay. There is a sense in which his assessment remains true 49 years later. It has been a long time since many people had much enthusiasm for the Holy Roman Empire, which was the particular instance of universal polity that Dante was defending. The paucity of translations of De Monarchia into English might also be taken as evidence of lasting irrelevance. (The Latin original is, oddly enough, available online, at no charge.) Some things have changed in the past half-century, however. The prospect of new forms of transnational governance is often discussed these days, either as a promise or a threat. Moreover, the dream-like abstraction of Dante's arguments may allow for modern re-interpretation in a way that would not be possible to a more concrete and historically grounded analysis. It is very unlikely that

66. COMMON LAW 1 legal manifestation of this is that no government, as well as any law, agency, aspect of tribute from Americans through the Pope s Holy roman empire . http://www.detaxcanada.org/cmlaw1.htm

NOTE: If you have arrived here first May I suggest you read the very important information regarding this topic on my INTRODUCTION page [ Click Here ] THE BRITISH LEGAL SYSTEM OF MIXED COMMON AND ROMAN LAW HAS BEEN USED TO ENSLAVE US(A) PART ONE OF THIRTEEN PARTS PRESENTED AND EDITED BY ELDON G. WARMAN PROLOGUE The following brief is believed to have been presented to a Grand Jury in the State of California circa 1982 in an attempt to correct judicial abuse of people involved in patriot and income tax protest movements. Many people were being incarcerated as political prisoners of what is apparently a "shadow government" now in control of the USA. These patriots were attempting to educate as many of the general public as would hear their message. Unfortunately, short-sighted self-interest and apathy seem to have prevailed. Editors notes: Apologies to the original author of this treatise. It came into my possession with author anonymous. New information about the US Constitution has come to light since this paper was written. That information may effect the value of some of the following information. The Constitution was never properly ratified; and, is , therefore, not a proper Common Law constitution. It appears that it is being used as a Roman Law 'operating orders' or 'ship's orders'; as, all bodies politic and corporate are make-believe ships in the Roman system. INTRODUCTION We have a problem and we are here to analyze that problem. Why do the courts refuse to admit certain arguments and cites of the United States Constitution? And further, find some in contempt of court if they persist in doing so? Why is there so little justice in our courts today? Our problem is, we have been fighting the wrong thingplaying the wrong ball game.

67. The End Of The Roman Empire Revisited Gaul, and the western roman imperial government had collapsed. a panegyric to his fatherin-law at Rome Just as the roman empire had withdrawn from Gaul, so now http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/journals/EH/EH37/Goldberg.html

Volume Thirty-Seven Essays in History Published by the Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia. The Fall of the Roman Empire Revisited: Sidonius Apollinaris and His Crisis of Identity By Eric J. Goldberg Scholars of Late Antiquity (the period roughly from A.D. 300-600) have long labored under the shadow of two monumental works: Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1787) and M. I. Rostovtzeff's Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire (1926). Though Gibbon, an intellectual of the Enlightenment, and Rostovtzeff, a Russian Marxist, approached their topic from very different viewpoints, they both agreed that the "transformation" of Western civilization from the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages was a story of decline and decay. While Gibbon favored a moral and cultural explanation, Rostovtzeff not surprisingly emphasized economic and social factors. The last generation of scholars, however, has begun to revise this earlier scholarship. With the publication of A. H. M. Jones's The Later Roman Empire, 284-602. A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey

68. Roman Law: Questions And Answers City of Rome and later in the roman empire. Where can I get more information about roman Law? Director, Law Reform, Australian Capital Territory government); http://www.jura.uni-sb.de/Rechtsgeschichte/Ius.Romanum/RoemRFAQ-e.html

Questions and Answers on Roman Law What is Roman Law? Roman Law was the law that was in effect throughout the age of antiquity in the City of Rome and later in the Roman Empire. When Roman rule over Europe came to an end, Roman Law was largelythough not completelyforgotten. In Medieval times (from about the 11th century onward) there was a renewed interest in the law of the Romans. Initially, Roman Law was only studied by scholars and taught at the universities, Bologna being the first place where Roman Law was taught. Soon Roman Law came to be applied in legal practiceespecially in the area of civil law. This process of (re-) adoption (reception) of Roman Law occurred at varied times and to various extents across all of Europe ( England being the most important exception). Thus from about the 16th century onward, Roman Law was in force throughout most of Europe. However, in the process of adoption/reception many Roman rules were amalgamated with, or amended to suit, the legal norms of the various European nations. Thus, Roman rules, applied in Europe at this period, were by no means identical with Roman Law from antiquity. Nonetheless, because the law that had evolved was common to most European countries, it was called the Ius Commune (common law).

69. Crash Course In Jewish History Part 30 - The Romans We see it in their government and law. Conquest and empire building were the greatest feats of roman organization. roman CONQUEST. http://www.aish.com/literacy/jewishhistory/Crash_Course_in_Jewish_History_Part_3

jewish world society today spirituality family ... email lists Aish.com delivered handheld devices e-mail by Rabbi Ken Spiro Jewish tradition maintains the Romans were descendants of Esau, the red-haired and blood-thirsty brother of Jacob. Receive Jewish History by Email: e-mail: See all email lists Recommended Products: Jewish history tape series audio tape See related tapes and CDs audio tape Buy WorldPerfect book book See audio tapes by Rabbi Ken Spiro audio tape Before we tell the story of how the Second Commonwealth of Israel met its sad end at the hands of the Roman Empire, let us step back in time and delve into what Rome was about, and how it became a power that challenged the mighty Greeks. Rome started out as a city-state, dating its history to 753 BCE. The founding of the city is rooted in a famous legend: It was common practice of the settlers of the banks of the Tiber River to keep "vestal virgins" on whom they believed their fate rested. These young women had to stay pure and chaste, and if any vestal virgin strayed, she was put to death by being buried alive. In the 8th century BCE one vestal virgin, named Rhea Silvia, found herself pregnant. But she got pregnant through no fault of her own she was raped by the god Mars!

70. ReferenceResources:AncientRome Law. Links to sites about roman Law. Music. roman Music. roman Musical Instruments. End of the roman empire. The End of the roman empire. government. roman Republic. http://www.kidinfo.com/World_History/AncientRome.html

Reference Resources: Ancient Rome History Search Engine HistoryWizard : Search for resources and information about ancient Rome Ancient Rome Ancient Roman Daily Life The events that shaped the Roman World Chronology of Roman History Excellent links to Roman society, government, history, architecture, and much more Echoes from the Ancients from PBS Facts, information, photographs about the six-year war between the people of Yodefat and the Romans which changed the course of Western civilization History and Religion of Rome Facts and information about the history of Rome, history of the forum, Roman religion, the city of Rome and its roads Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome 1100 Photographs The Roman Empire Hippodrome; The Roman Empire; Roman Army; Roman Baths; Roman Clothes; Roman Emperors; Roman Entertainment; Roman Glass; Roman Politics; Roman Theatre; Julius Caesar Roman Empire History, religion, buildings, everyday life, the army, and gladiators, and more; Clickable maps of the city, Roman Italy, and the Empire; Picture index for finding illustrations;

71. Mosaic: Sources Prior to his reign, the imperial government had made few ancient foe of Rome, the Persian empire had been Shapur captured the roman emperor Valerian in 260 and http://college.hmco.com/history/west/mosaic/chapter4/module27.html

Unit 4: Late Antiquity / Transformation of Empire A Reaction to Diocletian's Reforms, ca. 315 The Tetrarchs Finding the third-century Empire too vast and beset with turmoil to rule alone, Diocletian, in one of his major reforms, deicided not to rule alone. He created the tetrarchy, a system of four emperors, two senior Augusti and their subordinates and eventual successors, the Caesares . Each Augustus had responsibility for one half the Empire, Diocletian choosing the wealthier east. The Augusti would choose their Caesares on the basis of personal ability, not family connection. Diocletian hoped to solve the succession struggles that had plagued the Empire in this fashion. It worked briefly, but after Diocletian died the relatives of the retired Augusti made war on their appointed successors, plunging the Empire into conflict. A more lasting legacy was division and multiple emperors ruling simultaneously, sometimes in conflict and sometimes not. This sculpture shows the tetrachs in idealized form. Constantine the Great Constantine considered himself “the restorer of the Roman Empire” since he unified it following the collapse of Diocletian’s tertarchy. The militarization of the Empire continued under him as he expanded the use of mobile field armies staffed primarily by barbarians. His numerous treaties with German tribes initiated a policy of conciliation and alliance which eventually led to the formation of barbarian kingdoms within the Western Empire. The reforms of Diocletian and Constantine created a more stable empire, but one which was very distinct from its predecessor.

72. Historical Text Archive: E-Books : Lectures In Medieval History: 2: The Later Ro peasantry dependent upon them for protection, law and order The roman government in the West had become superfluous In addition, the western empire no longer had http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=64&cid=2

73. Can You Save The Roman Republic? introducing graft and corruption into the government.) As self When the empire began, the emperors banned private on the 12 Tables of roman Law, Romulus and http://members.aol.com/DonnAnCiv/RomanReforms.html

Mr Donn's Lesson Plan Roman Reforms Ancient Rome Awesome Library Star Rating Can you save the Roman Republic? Lesson Plan for Ancient Rome Critical Thinking Skills/Government 6th-grade Social Studies Don Donn; USA Background: Students have already studied Rome, and have some background. Students understand that when Rome conquers other territories, they bring back captives to serve as slaves for Roman citizens. Students know that criminals and debtors are used in the arenas as gladiators, and typically die. The Roman Republic suffered governmental problems that ultimately led to the end of the Republic. The Romans did attempt reforms. However, they were unsuccessful. Now, let's see if students can do better than the Romans did to generate reforms, to correct some of Rome's major problems during the Roman Republic and save the Republic! Lesson: Directions: Students will imagine themselves to be a Roman consul. They have some power, but they are not gods. They must obey the will of the people, keep the rich happy, and still save Rome from self-destruction. As elected consuls, leaders of government, your (the student's) job is to discuss and solve three major problems facing the Republic. Orally Presented Example Problem: Slaves are brought back from each conquered land.

74. UNF Core I: Section 10: The Roman Empire Initiated distributions of food to the roman people. The Adoptive emperors and government IMG Antoninus Pius; The social effects of empire Power and http://www.unf.edu/classes/freshmancore/halsall/core1-10.htm

University of North Florida History Dept Freshman Core Page Halsall Homepage Section Contents Readings Discussion Search ... Movies UNF Core I: Western Civilization to 1648 Section : The Roman Empire Introduction: This Section's Goals Text Multimedia Outline ... Discussion Questions Introduction: This Section's Goals By the end of this section students should be able to: Explain how Augustus was able to become a monarchical ruler but to preserve the forms of a Res publica. Identify the problems Augustus left his successors. Discuss the economic basis of Roman society and the problems that lead to for long term stability. Text Sherman 144-159 Strabo. The Grandeur of Rome [web] Juvenal. Satire III: On the City of Rome [web] Supplementary Reading The Deeds of the Divine Augustus Additional Reading Rome [Ancient History Sourcebook] Multimedia Music See Blackboard for MP3 files Pictures: History Julius Caesar Cicero Octavian Augustus ... Antoninus Pius Expansion and Empire Cleopatra VII Buldings: Rome The Pantheon Buldings: Provinces Leptis Magna North Africa The Aquaduct at Caesarea Roman Town , Beth Shean, Israel Roman Theatre , Beth Shean, Israel Roman Bathhouse , Hamat Gader, Israel Daily Life Roman Couple , Pompei 1st Cent BCE Domestic Slavery painting Roman Gladiators Mosaic, 4th Cent CE

75. Camelot Village: Britain's Heritage And History approach some kind of unity in law and government. Greece had a great influence on roman religion, literature Carthage had a whole empire, so that large areas http://www.camelotintl.com/romans/travel.html

Heritage > The Romans Travel in the Empire In ancient times, there were few bridges, and those that existed were not always safe. This made it difficult to cross rivers, and even boats were not always around when needed. But in the River Tiber in Italy, 20 kilometres from its mouth, was the Tiberine Island, which made it easier for people to cross. Gradually, the Island became a more and more popular spot for getting across the river. The area was closed in and protected by seven hills. These would become the seven hills of Rome, and the few farmers living in the area were the first Romans. By AD 114, the Empire stretched from Scotland in the north to Egypt in the south, and from Spain in the west to the Persian Gulf in the east. All the people within this area could call themselves Romans. All this was united by a single government, an international legal system, and the language of Latin. Nearly two millennia later, Europe is just beginning to approach some kind of unity in law and government. Rome absorbed Greek culture by its conquest; Greek slaves took on jobs for cultured and educated people, becoming accountants and scribes, and more or less cornering the market in teaching and medicine. Greece had a great influence on Roman religion, literature, and architecture.

76. | Book Review | Law And History Review, 18.2 | The History Cooperative upon this sketch (25), with its assumptions about good government and the rule of law, is one further conclusion. The Eastern roman empire, perhaps more http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/18.2/br_1.html

Book Review Law in the Crisis of Empire, 379-455 A.D.: The Theodosian Dynasty and Its Quaestors, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Pp. xii + 314 + two computer disks. Price $85.00 (ISBN 0-19-826078-4). Theodosian Code, a collection of imperial laws of the fourth and fifth centuries a.c. gathered (with subsequent additions) in a.d. 429-435 and thus prior to the more familiar, multi-part Justinianic Code. Tribonian Emperors and Lawyers (1981 and 1994), and Ulpian (1982): "in each of these [earlier works] the dissection of style and outlook shows that, behind the surface uniformity of the texts ... lies diversity" (p. viii). By rearranging here the laws of the Theodosian Code Theodosian Code is "more text-conservative" than the Justinianic Code (152), and the dating, probably performed by the commissioners themselves, was 89 percent accurate (150). Yet if there is some editing (even if not very much), and one in ten laws is incorrectly dated (and must be redated on the basis of style [p. x]), the certainties on which the stylistic analysis depends become a little less certain. Ninety percent of eighty-nine percent is eighty-one percent: for some, the chariot may be slowing on the back stretch. Theodosian Code considered their laws "brief" and "clear," even though these laws might seem "obscure and wordy" to us (127). The

77. Outlines Of Roman History, Chapter 8 Extinction of Western empire. Outlines of roman History by William C. Morey, Ph.D., DCL that they should have entire control of the government while compiling http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey08.html

Home Who we are Contributions Collaborations ... Contact Contents INTRODUCTION ROMAN KINGDOM Beginnings of Rome Institutions of Early Rome Etruscan Kings of Rome Reorganization of Kingdom ROMAN REPUBLIC Struggle against Kingship Struggle for Economic Rights Struggle for Equal Laws Struggle for Political Equality ... Times of Antony and Octavius ROMAN EMPIRE Reign of Augustus Julian Emperors Flavian Emperors Five Good Emperors ... Extinction of Western Empire Outlines of Roman History by William C. Morey, Ph.D., D.C.L. New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: American Book Company (1901). Previous Table of contents Next CHAPTER VIII THE STRUGGLE FOR EQUAL LAWS The Demand for Written Laws, I. Decemvirs and the XII. Tables, II. Second Secession and Its Results, III. I. THE DEMAND FOR WRITTEN LAWS Proposals of Terentilius Harsa (B.C. 462) Concessions to the Plebeians Compromise between the Orders II. DECEMVIRS AND THE XII. TABLES The Commission to Greece Formation of the XII. Tables (B.C. 450) Tyranny of the Second Decemvirate fasces III. SECOND SECESSION AND ITS RESULTS Second Secession of the Plebs The Valerio-Horatian Laws (B.C. 448)

78. ORB: The Online Reference Book For Medieval Studies Most of the population of the roman empire lived within easy reach of seatrade and naval communications between the various parts of the empire. government. http://www.the-orb.net/textbooks/nelson/roman_empire.html

Encyclopedia Library Reference Teaching ... HOME Lectures for A Medieval Survey Lynn H. Nelson The Roman Empire At Its Height In many ways, the Roman empire remains the model for Western civilization. The question why the empire fell is an important one because many people believe that the answer might reveal a flaw or weakness in Western civilization itself. This question may or may not have an answer, but we have to understand the nature of the empire before considering how and why it fell. 1. The Roman empire was not unique. It was one of the classical empires of the Old World. These empires Han China, Mauryan India, Sassanid Persia and the Rome arose in the period 200-100 BC, and were characterized by the fact that they were formed by the union of at least two widely disparate geographical regions. Han China had arisen in the valley of the northern, Huang-ho River and had conquered the southern Yang-tze River valley; Mauryan India had expanded from the valley of the Indus River to occupy the valley of the Ganges River; the Persians, inhabitants of mountains and plateau of what is now the nation of Iran, had gained control of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), the basin of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; the Romans, inhabitants of a small town in Italy, in the western basin of the Mediterranean, had manages to conquer first the entire western basin, and then the eastern basin of this almost land-locked body of water. 2. Let's consider the differences between the western portion of the empire, centered on the western Mediterranean, and the eastern portion, which included lands that had been deeply influenced by Greek culture.

79. State Church Of The Roman Empire be forced to sacrifice to the roman gods, because The Eastern empire was divided between Flavius Severus in that this fourman system of government would work. http://www.bswett.com/1998-05Church300.html

State Church Of The Roman Empire A Summary Chronology by Ben H. Swett 7 May 1998 If the pagans of the first century were amazed by the love which Christians bore one another, those of later centuries could have been equally astonished at the loathing and intolerance the upholders of loving God and their fellowmen displayed towards their associates whose formulae for defining the indefinable differed from their own. David Christie-Murray, A History of Heresy PREFACE For many years, I wondered what happened to Christianity between the Sermon on the Mount and the Spanish Inquisition. How did the teachings of Jesus become so completely reversed in Christian practice? For the first 300 years, Christianity spread without violence, permeating the world like yeast in bread, by preaching a better God and a Master worth following, and by demonstrating a better way to live both here and hereafter. Then, sometime between AD 300 and 400, everything changed. Suddenly, Christians were the persecutors, instead of the persecuted, and remained so until modern times. I read everything I could find on this period, but my question was not answered. By searching the Internet, I found and bought a book entitled "The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: The Seven Ecumenical Councils" and wrestled with ancient theological doctrines until I could hardly see.

80. Course Descriptions - Wright State University on late republic and early empire, particularly the Greek and roman mythology; aspects and approaches to 370 STUDIES IN ANCIENT LAW, government, AND POLITICS (4 http://www.wright.edu/courses/cls.html

CLASSICS/CLS UNDERGRADUATE LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS IN ENGLISH (4) Builds English vocabulary through a study of Latin and Greek roots. Emphasis on words used commonly in higher education rather than on specialized terminology. MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY (4) Spelling, recognition, and understanding contemporary specialized medical and scientific vocabulary that is based on the Latin and Greek languages. Emphasis on terminology of the medical sciences. INTRODUCTION TO GREEK AND ROMAN CULTURE (4) Survey of the development of classical culture from prehistoric Greece to the fall of the Roman Empire. A broad view of the interrelated political, economic, and social conditions, and philosophy, religion, mythology, literature, art, and architecture. INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY (3) Survey of the myths and legends of ancient Greece and Rome that are an important part of the Western literary and cultural tradition. Emphasis on story patterns and characters. HOW WE KNOW ANTIQUITY (4) How do we know what we think we know about classical antiquity/ Study of the different types of evidence and of ways in which this evidence is analyzed, handled, and interpreted by scholars.

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