81. The Story Of Mankind - THE ROMAN EMPIRE as their Commanderin-chief referred to him as the Chief, the Imperator or Emperor.The Republic had become an empire, but the average roman was hardly http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/youth/history/TheStoryofMankind/cha

The Story of Mankind by Hendrik Van Loon Terms Contents PREFACE FORWARD ... READING LIST THE ROMAN EMPIRE How the Republic of Rome After Centuries of Unrest and Revolution Became an Empire HEN the Roman armies returned from these many victorious campaigns, they were received with great jubilation. Alas and alack! this sudden glory did not make the country any happier. On the contrary. The endless campaigns had ruined the farmers who had been obliged to do the hard work of Empire making. It had placed too much power in the hands of the successful generals (and their private friends) who had used the war as an excuse for wholesale robbery. The old Roman Republic had been proud of the simplicity which had characterised the lives of her famous men. The new Republic felt ashamed of the shabby coats and the high principles which had been fashionable in the days of its grandfathers. It became a land of rich people ruled by rich people for the benefit of rich people. As such it was doomed to disastrous failure, as I shall now tell you. Within less than a century and a half. Rome had become the mistress of practically all the land around the Mediterranean. In those early days of history a prisoner of war lost his freedom and became a slave. The Roman regarded war as a very serious business and he showed no mercy to a conquered foe. After the fall of Carthage, the Carthaginian women and children were sold into bondage together with their own slaves. And a like fate awaited the obstinate inhabitants of Greece and Macedonia and Spain and Syria when they dared to revolt against the Roman power.

82. Visigoth The new emperor, Theodosius I (Valens had died at powerful German generals who commandedthe roman armies in and west, wielding the real power of the empire. http://www.fact-index.com/v/vi/visigoth.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Visigoth The Visigoths (often problematically denoted "West Goths" as opposed to "East Goths", Ostrogoth ) were a Germanic group that entered the late Roman Empire ; they were the Western branch of the Gothic people. After the "fall" of the western Roman Empire, the Visigoths continued to play a major role in western European affairs for another 250 years. Table of contents 1 History 2 Kings of the Visigoths 2.1 Balthi Dynasty 2.2 Later Kings ... 3 See Also History The Visigoths first appeared in history as a distinct people in the year , when they invaded the Roman Empire and swarmed over the Balkan peninsula . This invasion overran the Roman provinces of Pannonia and Illyricum and even threatened Italia itself. However, the Visigoths were defeated in battle near the modern Italy Slovenia border that summer, and then routed in the Battle of Naissus that September. Over the next three years, they were driven back over the Danube River in a series of campaigns by the emperors Claudius II Gothicus and Aurelian . However, they maintained their hold on the Roman province of

83. Overview had finally put an end to the roman Republic. writer Seneca) and there was peace throughoutthe empire. The Emperor Nero loved performing in the Theatre, races http://www.bible-history.com/nero/NEROOverview.htm

Contents Index Overview Nero The Roman Empire beyond Italy was divided into about 40 provinces (territories), with each province having its own governor who kept order and collected taxes for Rome. He was either appointed by the emperor or named by the Senate. During the first century A.D. the Roman Empire was near its peak with a population of 50-60 million. This was more than 1/5 of the world's population at that time. Jesus lived and died during the period known in Roman history as the Pax Romana or the "Peace of Rome". It was an amazing time in history when the risen Jesus empowered His church to go into all the world to preach the good news of the gospel of Jesus Christ. In fact the apostles journeyed throughout the Mediterranean world which was part of the Roman Empire. They traveled through Roman cities on Roman roads and everywhere that they traveled they came into contact with Rome. Julius Caesar had a dream for Rome but he was assassinated before he could see it fulfilled. The big problem was who would become the next emperor after his assassination. Very few had expected the young Octavian (Augustus) to become the chief heir and new emperor after Julius Caesar, but it was Augustus who turned out to be the most important emperor in all of Roman history. Augustus was very aware of what had happened with Julius Caesar, and desired to avoid the same problems with the Roman Senate. He wanted his stepson Tiberius to be emperor after his death and to make sure that this would happen he began to share his power with Tiberius. When Augustus died in 14 A.D. Tiberius was easily accepted as emperor. In fact this became the new way that emperors would be chosen. Each emperor would choose a successor from among his family or he would adopt someone who he thought would be fit to rule after him.

84. Medieval Net. Welcome To The Medieval Network. Medieval History Page 3. Famous P 800 Christmas Day, Charlemagne crowned Holy roman Emperor. The Holy roman Empirewas more of a dignity than a state, and so people made fun of it for a long http://www.medieval.net/medievalhistory3.htm

Casinos.Net Witches.Net Medieval History Page 3 481-511 Clovis, king of the Franks. 481 Clovis becomes leader of the Franks. 486 Clovis defeats Syagrius. 496 Clovis converts to Catholicism, rather than Arian Christianity. 507 Franks defeats the Visigoths and they retire to form their kingdom beyond the Pyrenees Mountains. 527-565 Reign of Justinian, ruler of the eastern Roman empire. Justinian was one of the great emperors and had the benefit of a great historian, Procopius to record his accomplishments. Justinian's wife was Theodora, who had been an "exotic dancer." Theodora's biggest hit was a dance in which she placed grains of wheat in various parts of her body and appeared on stage without clothes and with these geese, which ... But why don't you read Procopius yourself. 570(?)-632 Life of Muhammad 522 Hij'ra, Muhammad and his followers flee Mecca to Medina. Accepted date of the foundation of Islam, beginning date of the Muslim calendar. 711 Muza and Tariq invade Spain from Morocco. The Muslims defeat the Visigoths at the battle of the Guadalquivir River, during which King Roderick disappears. Visigothic Spain occupied within a very few years. 751 Pepin deposed the Merovingian monarch and became king of the Franks. The beginning of the Carolingian dynasty.

85. HWC, The Roman Empire - Trajan He was emperor during the Second Jewish War, the The roman empire never covered moreterritory than it did was also the Silver Age of roman literature, with http://history.boisestate.edu/westciv/empire/06.htm

The Roman Empire - Page 6 of Trajan (98-117) Nerva died 27 January 98, bringing Trajan to power. This is the period of the so-called Five Good Emperors: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. For five emperors in a row, there was no dynastic succession, but rather a different princple applied: each emperor chose a successor before he got too old. The successor actually shared in the duties of ruling and in a couple of cases was actually proclaimed co-emperor. Thus, when the one died, the other stepped smoothly into his place. Trajan was a soldier at heart, happiest when he was campaigning. His principal accomplishments were in the area of the military and of the organization of the provinces. With a keen eye for what was practical, he secured a border in Dacia, chose to abandon Scotland, and made effective war on Parthia. He annexed Armenia, Assyria and Mesopotamia to the Empire, created the province of Arabia, and even captured the Persian capital of Ctesiphon in 115. He was emperor during the Second Jewish War, the result of which was to cause the Jews to be removed almost completely from their homeland and scattered across the Empire—the famous Diaspora. The Roman Empire never covered more territory than it did under Trajan. This was also the Silver Age of Roman literature, with the most famous writers being Pliny the Younger and the historian Tacitus. A record of Trajan’s many accomplishments were recorded on a column, with the history of his feats winding around it from top to bottom. This is Trajan’s Column, which can still be seen in Rome. He presided over a good many notable building programs, including an expansion of the Forum that bears his name, reconstruction of the Circus Maximus to a size that could hold 200,000 people, and the building of an entire new harbor at Ostia (Rome’s port town).

86. Holy Roman Emperor Charles When King Charles returned to France after being crowned emperor, he forced He reestablishedthe roman empire on a Teutonic base http://www.gospelcom.net/chi/DAILYF/2003/12/daily-12-26-2003.shtml

Christian History Institute tell a friend home contact us free newsletter ... get Glimpses BROWSE OUR INFO-PACKED PAGES Get our free newsletter. Order Glimpses or Kid's Glimpses. Who was born this day? It happened this day in church history. Back issues of Glimpses bulletins. Back issue of Kids' Glimpses Excerpts from Christian Heritage Library. Archive of earlier daily stories. Early church to 600 AD. Century-by-century thru church history. 100 most important church events. Supplemental stories. Stories behind famous sayings. Great Christian women. Dare we ask? Oddities and curiosities. Factoids: Interesting tidbits. Test your knowledge with these quizzes. Things to know about us. We need your support. Rate how we are doing. Best books. Where to find what in our site. Links to other sites. Index a b c d ... z What Happened this Day in Church History Featured Video Worth It All In April 2001 a missionary family was shot out of the skies over Peru. The incident left Roni Bowers and her infant daughter, Charity, dead. In life, Roni reached hundreds for Christ. Through her death, God is using her to reach millions more. FEATURES FIND IT CHI yesterday: Christmas truce tomorrow: Justinian's amazing church Leo crowns Charlemagne.

87. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results to Hadrian, or of the emperor of the Holy roman empire 2. any of the roman emperors3. often c as that in ancient Rome, rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian AD http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_dictiona

88. The WorldPaper: Civil Society:American Media Though the Romans saw burial along the Appian Way an opportunity to be rememberedforever, emperors, popes and of Rome (still sporting the empire insignia SPQR http://worldpaper.com/Archivewp/1998/DEC98/gino.html

THE REAL SUPERHIGHWAYS DECEMBER 1998 Paving the way for the Roman Empire By Gino Lorenzelli COMMENTING FROM ROME The year was 312 B.C. A group of Roman generals, anxious to speed up the deployment of their legions, urged the magistrates in the Senate to do something about the state of the empire's roads. Their lobbying paid spectacular dividends. It paved the way-literally-for the expansion of the Roman Empire, spurred the development of the modern road and gave the world its first "information superhighway." The Senate's response started with the construction of the Appian Way, a road the Romans called (with their customary lack of understatement ) Regina Viarum, the Queen of all Roads. In time, it became the backbone of the Roman highway system, a network of roads that some have compared to the Internet because of its impact on communications, commerce and borders. Though the ride was anything but smooth, the Appian Way was the first road to be paved with cobblestone for its entire length. It took between 18 and 20 days for the heavily loaded legionaries to walk this distance before setting sail on the ships bound for the eastern provinces. The Roman legions were, however, not the only ones to use the new highway: merchants, tourists and later pilgrims contributed to a traffic flow that, at its chaotic peak, was not too different from today's bustling Italian roads. The initial section of the roadway is a masterpiece of engineering, still cited in university textbooks. It ran 212 kilometers to Capua. Despite some very rough terrain, the road traveled in a nearly straight line. To achieve this, scattered hills had to be flattened and the Pontine marshes drained to preserve the roadbed and sections of the road were elevated to cross shallow valleys.

89. Famous Men Of The Middle Ages - (By John H. Haaren (John Henry)) his way through the lines of the Romans and escaped Arcadius, the Emperor of the East,now made Alaric Eastern Illyricum and formed part of the Eastern empire. http://www.authorama.com/famous-men-of-the-middle-ages-4.html

Famous Men of the Middle Ages By John H. Haaren (John Henry) Presented by Auth o rama Public Domain Books Search through book: Henry the Second Alaric the Visigoth King from 394-410 A.D. I [Annotate 4.1] During the reign of the Roman Emperor Valens some of the Goths joined a conspiracy against him. Valens punished them for this by crossing the Danube and laying waste their country. At last the Goths had to beg for mercy. The Gothic chief was afraid to set foot on Roman soil, so he and Valens met on their boats in the middle of the Danube and made a treaty of peace. [Annotate 4.2] For a long time the Goths were at war with another tribe of barbarians called Huns. Sometimes the Huns defeated the Goths and drove them to their camps in the mountains. Sometimes the Goths came down to the plains again and defeated the Huns. [Annotate 4.3] At last the Goths grew tired of such constant fighting and thought they would look for new settlements. They sent some of their leading men to the Emperor Valens to ask permission to settle in some country belonging to Rome. The messengers said to the emperor: "If you will allow us to make homes in the country south of the Danube we will be friends of Rome and fight for her when she needs our help."

90. The Roman Empire And Northern Britain with no return, so quickly cut by the roman Senate of home support for this expansionof the empire gradually led The emperor Hadrian finally put a stop to the http://www.geocities.com/~betapisces/kingart/caledonia.htm

The Roman Empire and Northern Britain (Caledonia) In Cramond, on the Firth of Forth, now a suburb of Edinburgh, there are remains of a Roman fort/settlement. How did this get there, when most people think the Roman Empire's northern boundary was established at Hadrian's Wall? A T acitus, the historian, was with the general Agricola on his campaign to subjugate all of Britain, and so we have the name of the first-mentioned 'Scotsman' in history, one Calgacus, who is reported to have said "Britons are being sold into Roman slavery every day and it is we who are next on the list to be taken. When that happens, there will be nothing left that we can call our own... Even our bravery will count against us, for the imperialists dislike that sort of spirit in a subject people." [quoted from Ancient Scotland , by Stewart Ross] Agricola had started a methodical campaign in the classic Roman tradition, building roads and forts at day's march intervals. He got almost up to what is now Aberdeen. Calgacus kept withdrawing into the hills, but finally had a pitched battle at Mons Graupius , which was a famous victory for the Romans (they lost 400 men whereas the Picts lost 10,000 well, take that as a propaganda statement). Unfortunately for Rome, Agricola was recalled home for political reasons, and nothing went right after that. Guerrilla warfare in the highlands of Caledonia and the impossibilty of urbanizing the natives standard Roman policy resulted in a retreat down to the Forth/Clyde valley where an earthwork wall, the 'Antonine Wall', was built as a boundary. A few major forts, such as Inchtuthill and Ardoth remained in the Grampians. Without infrastructure, none of this lasted very long. And cost a lot of money, with no return, so quickly cut by the Roman Senate.

91. Royal Family Of Europe There are some really famous and important people on my family tree, such as PrincessDiana for example. Here are a few of the famous people on my tree. http://www.ishipress.com/royalfam.htm

Royal Family of Europe I have gone on a binge of making family trees lately and I have just made a family tree of all or almost all of the Royal Families of Europe combined. One would have thought that many people had done this and that this was commonly available. I certainly did. However, I could not find any such thing anywhere on the Internet. Of course, there were a few bits and pieces here and there, but I could not find anything satisfactory for serious research. I was reluctant to post what I have come up with, because people on the tree I have created are famous. This means that if there are errors (and I am sure there are many) everybody will jump on me because almost everybody knows something about at least somebody on my tree. I wish to be notified of any mistakes, errors and corrections, so that I can make corrections before too many others notice it. There are some really famous and important people on my family tree, such as Princess Diana for example. Even some of her in-laws are famous and important as well! Please do blame me entirely for any mistakes. What I started with was a jumbled mess. At the same time, I need to be thankful to the hundreds of people who have made contributions which have I compiled together to create this.

92. Mosaic: Sources collapsed in the West, Justinian reinvigorated the Eastern empire. the conquest ofthe former roman provinces of his greatest praise for the Emperor’s role http://college.hmco.com/history/west/mosaic/chapter4/module27.html

Unit 4: Late Antiquity / Transformation of Empire A Reaction to Diocletian's Reforms, ca. 315 The Tetrarchs Finding the third-century Empire too vast and beset with turmoil to rule alone, Diocletian, in one of his major reforms, deicided not to rule alone. He created the tetrarchy, a system of four emperors, two senior Augusti and their subordinates and eventual successors, the Caesares . Each Augustus had responsibility for one half the Empire, Diocletian choosing the wealthier east. The Augusti would choose their Caesares on the basis of personal ability, not family connection. Diocletian hoped to solve the succession struggles that had plagued the Empire in this fashion. It worked briefly, but after Diocletian died the relatives of the retired Augusti made war on their appointed successors, plunging the Empire into conflict. A more lasting legacy was division and multiple emperors ruling simultaneously, sometimes in conflict and sometimes not. This sculpture shows the tetrachs in idealized form. Constantine the Great Constantine considered himself “the restorer of the Roman Empire” since he unified it following the collapse of Diocletian’s tertarchy. The militarization of the Empire continued under him as he expanded the use of mobile field armies staffed primarily by barbarians. His numerous treaties with German tribes initiated a policy of conciliation and alliance which eventually led to the formation of barbarian kingdoms within the Western Empire. The reforms of Diocletian and Constantine created a more stable empire, but one which was very distinct from its predecessor.

93. Holy Synod - Encyclopedia Article About Holy Synod. Free Access, No Registration 30, Old Style , 1672 February 8, January 28, Old Style , 1725) was a tsarof Russia (from 1682) and the first Emperor of the Russian empire (1721-1725 http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Holy Synod

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Holy Synod Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition The Holy Synod was a congregation of Orthodox church leaders in Russia. It was abolished in 1917 when Lenin came to power The Holy Synod was a congregation of Orthodox church The Russian Orthodox Church ) is that body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs of the Eastern Orthodox Church. In this way Russian Orthodox believers are in communion with all other Eastern Orthodox believers. Click the link for more information. leaders in Russia The Russian Federation Russia Click the link for more information. . It was established by Peter the Great Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov Peter the Great May 30, Old Style , 1672 - February 8, January 28, Old Style , 1725) was a tsar of Russia (from 1682) and the first Emperor of the Russian Empire (1721-1725). He carried out a policy of Westernization and expansion that transformed Russia into a major European power. Click the link for more information.

94. Skoool.ie ::: Exam Centre - Junior Cycle 2. Who was the first Emperor of Rome? 5. Who built the roads of the empire andwhy were they so important? 13. How did the Romans get their slaves? 14. http://www.skoool.ie/skoool/examcentre_jc.asp?id=1723

95. Bible Study - Emperor eg in China, Japan, Ethiopia), the roman and Germanic or both, that emperor and hisempire (see Birth Of one a great political and military emperor, the other http://www.keyway.ca/htm2000/20001115.htm

Emperor Emperor is derived from the Latin word Imperator , who was a supreme "imperial" ruler over an "empire." Emperors were not merely the rulers of their own country, but also ruled over the rulers of other countries (a human "king of kings"), a political situation known as "imperialism." The kings of the ancient Roman empire were the first to be designated as emperors (see Ancient Empires - Rome Imperator was originally used in Republican Rome (up to 27 B.C.) as a title for a conquering military leader, however it was adopted by the Roman monarchy, beginning with Octavian (who defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C.). Octavian is better known to Christians as Caesar Augustus - the Roman emperor who called that famous census that resulted in Jesus Christ being born in Bethlehem (Luke 2:1). The term Caesar came to mean the same as emperor After the apparent "fall" of the Roman empire in 476 A.D. (it fell, but it didn't die - it was just wounded ), the title of Imperator , or Emperor , was resurrected on Christmas Day in 800 A.D. when Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish/German ruler Charlemagne emperor of the western leg of the Roman empire. Two days earlier, Charlemagne had Leo restored to the papacy, after Leo had been deposed for adultery, perjury and simony, among other things (see

96. Medieval Net. Welcome To The Medieval Network. Medieval History Page 1. Famous P the Jews. 212 AD The Edict of the Emperor Caracalla awarded Romancitizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. 235283. The http://www.medieval.net/medievalhistory1.htm

Casinos.Net Witches.Net Medieval History Page 1 31 B.C. The Battle of Actium, in which Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, defeated the combined forces of the Roman Marc Antony and the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra, thus establishing his sole control of the Roman state and adding Egypt to Roman territories. 27 B.C. Octavian closed the doors to the Temple of Janus, a symbol that the entire Roman world was at peace. This was the official end of the civil wars and of the Republic, and the beginning of the Roman Empire. 31 B.C. - A.D. 14 The reign of Emperor Caesar Augustus. 64 AD Rome devastated by a great fire. Many think that the the fire was started at the command of the emperor Nero. Nero blamed the Christians and executed many of them in a great persecution. From this time until 313, Christians were subject to the sort of persecutions that once were practiced against the Jews. 212 A.D. The Edict of the Emperor Caracalla awarded Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. 235-283. The breakdown of constitutional government in the Roman empire and a period of military anarchy, sometimes called "the Age of the Thirty Tyrants," caused by pressure on Roman frontiers by Germanic tribesmen in the West and by the Persian empire in the East. 284-305. The reign of the Emperor Diocletian. Diocletian saved the empire from complete collapse. The empire was split into a western half, with its capital at Ravenna, and an Eastern Empire, with its capital at Constantinople. Foreigners were recruited to serve in the armies, taxes raised to very high levels, social mobility was ended, and Christians were severely persecuted.

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