81. Southampton GR Explorer Home Page An introduction to Einstein's theory of general relativity and related topics. These pages include informative text, pictures and movies. http://www.maths.soton.ac.uk/relativity/GRExplorer/

Welcome to the Southampton GR Explorer. On these pages you will find an overview of Einstein's theory of General Relativity and related topics. We focus on subjects that are close to the research interests of the Southampton group. A more technical description of our various ongoing research projects can be found here This site is best viewed with frames, which are not supported by your browser. You can either: or Internet Explorer alternatively Turn the frames off

82. General Relativity -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Physics general relativity, References. Adler, R.; Bazin, M.; and Schiffer, M. Introduction to general relativity, 2nd ed. New York McGrawHill, 1975. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/GeneralRelativity.html

Modern Physics Relativity Theory General Relativity Miscellaneous General Relativity General Relativity A theory invented by Albert Einstein which describes gravitational forces in terms of the curvature in space caused by the presence of mass. The fundamental principle of general relativity asserts that accelerated reference frames and reference frames in gravitation fields are equivalent. General relativity states that clocks run slower in strong gravitational fields (or highly accelerated frames), predicting a gravitational redshift . It also predicts the existence of gravitational lensing gravitational waves gravitomagnetism , the Lense-Thirring effect , and relativistic precession of orbiting bodies. Bardeen-Petterson Effect Bertotti-Robinson Solution Black Hole Black Hole No Hair Theorem ... Schwarzschild Black Hole References Adler, R.; Bazin, M.; and Schiffer, M. Introduction to General Relativity, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975. Anderson, J. L. Principles of Relativity Physics. New York: Academic Press, 1967. Bergmann, P. G.

83. The 5D Space-Time-Matter Consortium We are a group of physicists and astronomers working on a 5dimensional version of general relativity. http://astro.uwaterloo.ca/~wesson/#PUB

This page is maintained by Tomas Liko Last modified: July 11, 2003

84. [physics/9908041] Gravitational Waves: An Introduction This paper presents an elementary introduction to the theory of gravitational waves. This article is meant for students who have had an exposure to general relativity, but results from general relativity have been derived in the appendices. http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9908041

Physics, abstract physics/9908041 From: Indrajit Chakrabarty [ view email ] Date: Sat, 21 Aug 1999 12:54:07 GMT (19kb) Gravitational Waves: An Introduction Authors: Indrajit Chakrabarty Comments: Lecture notes presenting an elementary introduction to the theory of gravitational waves. To be submitted to Resonance, Journal of Science Education with a lesser mathematical content. For later revisions, see this http URL Subj-class: Physics Education; Popular Physics In this article, I present an elementary introduction to the theory of gravitational waves. This article is meant for students who have had an exposure to general relativity, but, results from general relativity used in the main discussion have been derived and discussed in the appendices. The weak gravitational field approximation is first considered and the linearized Einstein's equations are obtained. We discuss the plane wave solutions to these equations and consider the transverse-traceless (TT) gauge. We then discuss the motion of test particles in the presence of a gravitational wave and their polarization. The method of Green's functions is applied to obtain the solutions to the linearized field equations in presence of a nonrelativistic, isolated source. Full-text: PostScript PDF , or Other formats References and citations for this submission: CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis) Which authors of this paper are endorsers?

85. "The Boundaries Of Nature: Special & General Relativity And Quantum Mechanics, A A second full year course in physics covering special relativity, general relativity, and quantum mechanics would have wide appeal and might also lead to http://www.eftaylor.com/oersted/

"The Boundaries of Nature: Special & General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, A Second Course in Physics:" Edwin F. Taylor's acceptance speech for the 1998 Oersted medal presented by the American Association of Physics Teachers, 6 January 1998 Edwin F. Taylor Center for Innovation in Learning, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (Now at 22 Hopkins Road, Arlington, MA 02476-8109, email eftaylor@mit.edu) ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION and fixed in me a determination to collaborate with him to develop and write up his insights for the world to enjoy. And, at one remove, John Wheeler's Ph.D. student Richard Feynman, whose thesis led to an introduction to quantum mechanics which now, fifty years later, we can exploit for the benefit of the modern student. These leaders in physics education have much in common: a fascination with the deep structure of Nature, enthusiasm for envisioning this structure in bold new ways, and absolute integrity in presenting both their vision and their own perplexities to an interested audience. All of us can join this enterprise without reservation or restraint, eliminating the need for anyone to express humility, false or otherwise. Here is the plan for this talk: First a brief look at general relativity and quantum mechanics, primarily to highlight how these subjects can be presented with no mathematical formalism beyond calculus. Second, some remarks on the proposed course and its potential benefits for various audiences and for the physics major. Finally, an inspirational conclusion.

86. General Relativity & Black Holes Gene Smith s Astronomy Tutorial general relativity Black Holes, All of this amounts to pretty spectacular confirmation of general relativity Theory. http://cassfos02.ucsd.edu/public/tutorial/GR.html

University of California, San Diego Gene Smith's Astronomy Tutorial Einstein's General Theory of Relativity The General Theory of Relativity is an expansion of the Special Theory to include gravity as a property of space. Start with this Gravity Tutorial The Equivalence Principle The Theory of Special Relativity has as its basic premise that light moves at a uniform speed, c = 300,000 km/s , in all frames of reference. This results in setting the speed of light as the absolute speed limit in the Universe and also produced the famous relationship between mass and energy, E = mc . The foundation of Einstein's General Theory is the Equivalence Principle which states the equivalence between inertial mass and gravitational mass Inertial Mass is the quantity that determines how difficult it is to alter the motion of an object. It is the mass in Newton's Second Law: F = ma Gravitational mass is the mass which determines how strongly two objects attract each other by gravity, e.g. the attraction of the earth: It is the apparent equivalence of these two types of mass which results in the uniformity of gravitational acceleration Galileo's result that all objects fall at the same rate independent of mass: Galileo and Newton accepted this as a happy coincidence, but Einstein turned it into a fundamental principle. Another way of stating the equivalence principle is that gravitational acceleration is indistinguishable from other forms of acceleration. According to this view a student in a closed room could not tell the difference between experiencing the gravitational pull of the earth at the earth's surface and being in a rocketship in space accelerating with a = 9.8 m/s

87. The Cosmological Constant An overview of why Einstein added an extra term in general relativity, and why it is still examined. http://pancake.uchicago.edu/~carroll/encyc/

The Cosmological Constant Sean M. Carroll University of Chicago This is a short article I wrote for the Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Institute of Physics). See also The Preposterous Universe , or related reviews, lectures, and talks Here is the postscript version , and the pdf version Cosmological Constant The cosmological constant, conventionally denoted by the Greek letter , is a parameter describing the energy density of the vacuum (empty space), and a potentially important contributor to the dynamical history of the universe. Unlike ordinary matter, which can clump together or disperse as it evolves, the energy density in a cosmological constant is a property of spacetime itself, and under ordinary circumstances is the same everywhere. A sufficiently large cosmological constant will cause galaxies to appear to accelerate away from us, in contrast to the tendency of ordinary forms of energy to slow down the recession of distant objects. The value of in our present universe is not known, and may be zero, although there is some evidence for a nonzero value; a precise determination of this number will be one of the primary goals of observational cosmology in the near future. The Cosmological Constant and Vacuum Energy We live in an expanding universe: distant galaxies are moving away from us, such that the more distant ones are receding faster. Cosmologists describe this expansion by defining a

88. Physics 7 Lecture #12 - General Relativity & Black Holes Physics 7 Lecture Summary 11 general relativity Black Holes, All of this amounts to pretty spectacular confirmation of general relativity Theory. http://cassfos02.ucsd.edu/physics/ph7/GR.html

University of California, San Diego Physics 7 - Introduction to Astronomy H. E. Smith Winter 2001 Physics 7 Lecture Summary #11 Einstein's General Theory of Relativity The General Theory of Relativity is an expansion of the Special Theory to include gravity as a property of space. Start with this Gravity Tutorial The Equivalence Principle The Theory of Special Relativity has as its basic premise that light moves at a uniform speed, c = 300,000 km/s , in all frames of reference. This results in setting the speed of light as the absolute speed limit in the Universe and also produced the famous relationship between mass and energy, E = mc . The foundation of Einstein's General Theory is the Equivalence Principle which states the equivalence between inertial mass and gravitational mass Inertial Mass is the quantity that determines how difficult it is to alter the motion of an object. It is the mass in Newton's Second Law: F = ma Gravitational mass is the mass which determines how strongly two objects attract each other by gravity, e.g.

89. Kluwer Academic Publishers - General Relativity And Gravitation http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0001-7701/contents

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90. General Relativity In The Global Positioning System general relativity in the global positioning system. Neil Ashby University of Colorado n_ashby@mobek.colorado.edu. The Global Position http://www.phys.lsu.edu/mog/mog9/node9.html

General relativity in the global positioning system Neil Ashby University of Colorado n_ashby@mobek.colorado.edu The Global Position System (GPS) consists of 24 earth-orbiting satellites, each carrying accurate, stable atomic clocks. Four satellites are in each of six different orbital planes, of inclination 55 degrees with respect to earth's equator. Orbital periods are 12 hours (sidereal), so that the apparent position of a satellite against the background of stars repeats in 12 hours. Clock-driven transmitters send out synchronous time signals, tagged with the position and time of the transmission event, so that a receiver near the earth can determine its position and time by decoding navigation messages from four satellites to find the transmission event coordinates, and then solving four simultaneous one-way signal propagation equations. Conversely, gamma-ray detectors on the satellites could determine the space-time coordinates of a nuclear event by measuring signal arrival times and solving four one-way propagation delay equations. Apart possibly from high-energy accelerators, there are no other engineering systems in existence today in which both special and general relativity have so many applications. The system is based on the principle of the constancy of c in a local inertial frame: the Earth-Centered Inertial or ECI frame. Time dilation of moving clocks is significant for clocks in the satellites as well as clocks at rest on earth. The weak principle of equivalence finds expression in the presence of several sources of large gravitational frequency shifts. Also, because the earth and its satellites are in free fall, gravitational frequency shifts arising from the tidal potentials of the moon and sun are only a few parts in

91. Kluwer Academic Publishers - General Relativity And Gravitation http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0001-7701

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92. Lecture Notes On General Relativity This homepage contains lecture notes on the course of general relativity FX2/H97 read in the fall semester 1997 at the Physics Institute of NTNU, Trondheim http://www.asu.cas.cz/~had/gr.html

General Relativity This homepage contains lecture notes on the course of general relativity FX2/H97 read in the fall semester 1997 at the Physics Institute of NTNU, Trondheim. Some parts were added later. It is still under construction (see the dates of last revision of each chapter). Some viewers do not allow to see the PS-files on the screen. However, you can download it (using the 'save'-command) and print it on a PostScript printer. Contents: Introduction Special relativity Basic concepts of general relativity Spherically symmetric spacetimes ... References A supplementary text on lower level can be found in lecture notes on cosmology which was read in the fall semester 1999 as a part of another course. To get more information contact, please, the author. Readers may find interesting also other web-pages on general relativity referred at Hillman's list and Syracuse University list Petr Hadrava, Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 251 65 Ondrejov, Czech Republic tlf.: +420 204 620 141

93. General Relativity Group Homepage The general relativity Group consists of four members of the Applied Mathematics Group, together with a number of postdoctoral research assistants and Ph.D http://www.maths.soton.ac.uk/applied/relativity/

Applied Homepage GR Homepage People Research ... Links The General Relativity Group consists of four members of the Applied Mathematics Group , together with a number of postdoctoral research assistants and Ph.D students. At Southampton the major thrust of investigation is the classical theory and its application to astrophysics. The major emphasis of the group is in the increasingly important area of numerical relativity. Other topics studied include singularities and black holes, causality violation, asymptotic structure, cosmic strings, cosmology, pulsating black holes and neutron stars, instabilities in rotating stars, gravitational wave sources and the classification of metrics using algebraic computing. The general relativity group hosted the first British Gravity Meeting in March, 2001. For an overview of general relativity please visit our new GR Explorer site.

94. Differential Gometry And General Relativity A course from the Department of Mathematics at Hofstra University on differential geometry and general relativity. http://www.hofstra.edu/~matscw/diff_geom/tc.html

Introduction to Differential Geometry and General Relativity Lecture Notes by Stefan Waner, Department of Mathematics, Hofstra University These notes are dedicated to the memory of Hanno Rund. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Preliminaries: Distance, Open Sets, Parametric Surfaces and Smooth Functions 2. Smooth Manifolds and Scalar Fields 3. Tangent Vectors and the Tangent Space 4. Contravariant and Covariant Vector Fields ... Download the latest version of the differential geometry/relativity notes in PDF format References and Suggested Further Reading (Listed in the rough order reflecting the degree to which they were used) Bernard F. Schutz, A First Course in General Relativity (Cambridge University Press, 1986) David Lovelock and Hanno Rund, Tensors, Differential Forms, and Variational Principles (Dover, 1989) Charles E. Weatherburn, An Introduction to Riemannian Geometry and the Tensor Calculus (Cambridge University Press, 1963) Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne and John A. Wheeler, Gravitation (W.H. Freeman, 1973) Keith R. Symon

95. SwetsWise: Login Lecture 24 general relativityLecture 24 general relativity. Lecture Topics. The Principal of Equivalence; Consequences of general relativity slowing of clocks; http://www.swetswise.com/link/access_db?issn=0001-7701

96. General Relativity And Cosmology An online notes from the University of British Columbia featuring simple explanations of cosmological phenomena. http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/p200/cosm/cosm.html

Next: Astronomy As Elementary Particle Physicists direct their attention ``down'' toward the indescribably tiny, so Cosmologists turn their gaze ``upward'' toward the unfathomably huge. Of course, these days both are increasingly likely to be incarnate in the same individual - I'll get to that later. As one who has never looked through a telescope larger than I could carry, I am certain to give short shrift to the magnificent observational science of astronomy , which provides cosmology (a theoretical discipline) with all its data. But a summary of the former without good colour plates of star fields and nebulae would be a terrible waste anyway, so I hope I have motivated the curious to go out and read a good Astronomy book on their own. Moreover, I am so ignorant of General Relativity and most of the fine points of Cosmology that I really have no business writing about either. Therefore I must content myself with a justification in terms of my ``unique point of view,'' whereby I excuse the following distortions. Astronomy Tricks of the Trade Parallax Spectroscopy ... Bang!

97. Australasian Society For General Relativity And Gravitation Australasian Society for general relativity and Gravitation. general relativity, Gravitation and Cosmology WWW sites worldwide. Other http://www.physics.adelaide.edu.au/ASGRG/

Australasian Society for General Relativity and Gravitation Contents Membership information Newsletters Job vacancies Committee / contact information ... Other links worldwide The Australasian Society for General Relativity and Gravitation (ASGRG) was formed at a meeting of mathematicians and physicists in Canberra in September 1994. The Society aims to bring together researchers who work in a wide range of areas within mathematical, theoretical and experimental gravitation: exact solutions of general relativity, mathematical relativity, numerical relativity, quantum gravity, cosmology, estimation of the gravitational wave signals produced by astronomical sources, and development of techniques and technology for detecting these signals with earth- and satellite-based antennae. It was decided to form the society to facilitate discussion of mutual problems of interest and to provide greater cooperation to solve the outstanding problems in the various fields. We see our role as providing a regional forum in Australia and New Zealand similar to the recently formed Topical Interest Group in Gravitation of the American Physical Society, and the international GRG society. The official name and constitution of the Society were adopted at the first General Meeting, which was held during the

98. GRG Society Home Page The International Society on general relativity and Gravitation was formed in 1971 and is the successor to the International Committee on general relativity http://www.maths.qmw.ac.uk/grgsoc/

Welcome to the GRG Society Home Page! The International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation was formed in 1971 and is the successor to the International Committee on General Relativity and Gravitation. It is also Affiliated Commission 2 (AC.2) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), and within IUPAP is one of the participants in its Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics and Gravitation International Committee (PANAGIC). We are grateful to the School of Mathematical Sciences Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK, for housing this home page. The College is not responsible for its contents, but has general rules on content with which we aim to conform We have the following: List of officers and committee Information on the Society, for prospective new members [also in downloadable form (LaTeX) The Society's constitution [also in downloadable form (LateX) Information on the GR17 General Assembly and current ballot and information on the candidates Individual membership form [also in downloadable form(LateX) Corporate membership form [also in downloadable form(LateX) Instructions for payment of dues [also in downloadable form(LateX) The public `Hyperspace' service, sponsored by the Society

99. A Short Course On General Relativity A graduate level course which includes weak field theory, gravitational waves, radiation damping, cosmology, the Friedmann and Lemaitre dusts, singularities, black holes, the Schwarzschild metric and Kruskal's extension of it. This is a single postscript document. http://www.ucolick.org/~burke/class/grclass.ps

100. What Is The General Theory Of Relativity? http://www.theory.caltech.edu/people/patricia/greltop.html

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