21. Department Of Fine Arts, Okanagan University College Important Moments in Canadian history. for a charter to build the Canadian Pacific railway. Alexander Mackenzie, a Liberal, becomes canada s second prime http://www.arts.ouc.bc.ca/fiar/his_1918.html

Department of Fine Arts, Okanagan University College Important Moments in Canadian History 1868 TO 1918 Compiled by Robert J. Belton Thomas D'Arcy McGee, one of the fathers of Confederation and an outspoken enemy of the Fenians, becomes Canada's first assassination victim at the hands of a Fenian (Apr. 7). Canada purchases Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company. Threatened by Canadian purchases of Hudson's Bay territories, Louis Riel leads the Métis in occupying Fort Garry on the site of Winnipeg (Nov.). Demand for leather goods leads to the destruction of northen bison herds, which in turn leads to the collapse of the western native economy. The Red River Rebellion continues to resist Canadian authority in the northwest. A provisional government is declared (Jan.) but they were driven out by General Wolseley (Aug.) The Manitoba Act creates the province of Manitoba and quells the rebellion. British Columbia joins confederation (July 20). Prince Edward Island joins Confederation. A period of economic depression begins. The North-West Mounted Police are formed. Macdonald resigns over the Pacific Scandal (Nov. 5), which brought attention to huge campaign contributions made by Sir Hugh Allan in exchange for a charter to build the Canadian Pacific Railway. Alexander Mackenzie, a Liberal, becomes Canada's second prime minister. Riel is elected to the House of Commons but cannot take the seat (Feb.). Alexander Graham Bell discloses the invention of the telephone to his father at the family home on the outskirts of Brantford, Ontario (July 26). Anabaptists (Russian Mennonites) start to arrive in Manitoba from various Russian colonies.

22. Musquodoboit Railway The railways of canada Archives recounts the history of this local railway which proceeded from Dartmouth to Dean's Settlement under trials and tribulations amusingly typical of government operations. http://www.trainweb.org/canadianrailways/articles/MusquodoboitRailway.html

Musquodoboit Railway by David Othen The first effort towards bringing railway service to the area east of Halifax was in 1884. In that year a first railway bridge was completed by the Intercolonial Railway from Halifax to Dartmouth, across the Narrows of Halifax Harbour. Near the Dartmouth shore a stone pier was constructed in about 35 feet of water and this pier provided a support for the swing section of the bridge. The wooden trestle-work of the bridge rested on, and was secured to, stone filled cribs spaced every ten feet on the harbour bottom. The bridge was 1500 feet long and was curved with its convex side facing towards the Bedford Basin. In the summer of 1891 the government was made aware of the extremely weak condition of the bridge. On 7 September 1891, before improvements could be made, a mighty storm ripped two-thirds of the bridge from its footings. The government rejected suggestions that a land route around the Bedford Basin was preferable. and so a second bridge was completed in 1892. This bridge, like the first was poorly constructed and not braced. It lasted just over a year. About 2 am on 23 July 1893 almost two-thirds of the bridge slipped into the water and floated up into the Bedford Basin. 34 freight cars were left stranded on the Dartmouth side of the harbour. No further railway bridges were built across the harbour. Instead, in 1896, the Intercolonial branch line from Windsor Junction to Dartmouth was opened, a distance of 12.5 miles. In the same year the Halifax and Guysborough Railway Company Inc. was formed to build a railway from Halifax to Guysborough via the Musquodoboit Valley but no work was done.

23. Canadian National Railway - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia As a result of history and geography, CPR served a defacto government colonization railway to serve and undeveloped regions of Western canada, northern Ontario http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway

24. Canadian History And Heritage @ Culture.ca Significant Dates in Canadian railway history Describes a detailed chronological history of railways in canada. Coverage dates from 1860 to 2000. http://www.culture.ca/canada/explore-explorez-e.jsp?pre=n&category=500&page=19&s

25. Canadian History And Heritage @ Culture.ca Black Loyalists Brief history of Black Loyalists and Birchtown, exodus to Sierra Leone, description Building of the Canadian Pacific railway Slide show http://www.culture.ca/canada/explore-explorez-e.jsp?pre=n&category=500&page=2&st

26. Canadian History Resources sparking new interest in their shared history, by putting 1842, began engineering career in canada; 185260, constructed Grand Trunk railway between Toronto http://www.canadainfolink.ca/history.htm

CANADIAN HISTORY Town Clock - Halifax, Nova Scotia Prince Edward, Duke of Kent had the clock built with money raised by public donations. It cost 500 pounds and was manufactured by the House of Vulliamy, of London. The clock officially began keeping time for the garrison on Oct. 20, 1803. Prince Edward was the fourth son of George III and the father of Queen Victoria. He stayed in Canada on military duties from 1791-98 and from 1799-1800. New France - New Horizons - On French Soil in America "To mark the 400th anniversary of the French presence in North America in 2004, France and Canada are re-creating their singular adventure and sparking new interest in their shared history, by putting documents online, reproduced in their entirety using the latest digitization technologies, and making them accessible to a broad public." T he Congres Mondial: check these sites www.Acadie400.ca www.cma2004.ca www.stecroix2004.org The Acadian flag is based on the French tri-color representing the origins of the Acadians. The yellow star is symbolic of the Acadian patron saint, the Virgin Mary, Our Lady of the Assumption. Acadians chose their patron saint in 1881, confirmed by decree by Pope Pius XI on January 19, 1938. Sir Casimir Stanislaus Gzowski Engineer born at St. Petersburg, Russia, March 5, 1813; 1842, began engineering career in Canada; 1852-60, constructed Grand Trunk Railway between Toronto and Sarnia, 1870-73, designed and built international bridge between Fort Erie, Ont., and Buffalo, N.Y.; 1871, engineering report anticipated system now known as St. Lawrence Seaway; first chairman of Niagara Parks Commission; helped found Canadian Society of Civil Engineers; in matters of defence, fought for stronger Canadian militia; 1879, appointed aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria; 1879, knighted in recognition of his services to military and engineering; died in Toronto, August 23, 1898.

27. Parks Canada - This Week In History and Chinese Construction Workers on the Canadian Pacific railway have been To view other stories associated with Asian Canadian history, please visit The http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/cseh-twih/index_e.asp

Français Contact Us Help Search ... Natural Heritage Enter a keyword: This Week in History Archives Virtual Museum of Canada This Week in History 25 Eddy Street 25-5-R Gatineau, Quebec Canada K1A 0M5 For the week of Monday June 7, 2004 Last Mountain Lake O n June 8, 1887, an order-in-council set aside 1,025 hectares of land to form the Last Mountain Lake Migratory Bird Sanctuary, the first federal bird sanctuary in North America. The sanctuary covers 4,750 hectares of wetlands and grasslands used as breeding grounds for more than 280 species of birds. View of Last Mountain Lake National Wildlife Area wetlands © Philip S. Taylor With the development of western Canada in the late 1800s, many bird species became endangered or extinct from excessive hunting or destruction of their native breeding grounds. In 1887, the Canadian government was urged to protect the Last Mountain Lake area to prevent further development from extending to the islands and shorelines of the lake where important populations of nesting and migratory birds existed. In order to protect this valuable wildlife habitat, the government set aside a portion of the area as a sanctuary. During its first few years, the reserve was unattended and unsupervised. The government did not concern itself with the reserve until settlers receiving grants on reserve property threatened the land. Another order-in-council set aside 2,500 hectares from sale and settlement as breeding grounds for wildfowl. Starting in 1913, inspectors were periodically sent to visit the reserve.

28. Alberta - Transcontinental Tour - Canada, By Train of the Canadian Pacific railway (CPR) offers a fascinating look at a national icon and provides an intricate link to some early chapters in Canadian history. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/trains/h30-2030-e.html

Alberta Canadian Pacific Railway Grand Trunk Pacific Canadian Northern Railway ("Soo Line") Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian Pacific Railway, n.d. The story of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) offers a fascinating look at a national icon and provides an intricate link to some early chapters in Canadian history. In the years leading to Confederation, John A. Macdonald worked tirelessly to promote the union of the British North American colonies. One factor motivating Macdonald was that the western regions of the United States were being settled with immigrants and after the Civil War, some prominent Americans openly discussed the annexation of their northern neighbour. After complex negotiations, Macdonald and his colleagues succeeded in pushing through the British North America (BNA) Act and soon after, he spoke of building a railway linking the East to the West. He thought the railway would unify the country geographically and politically. In addition, British Columbia insisted upon the railway as a condition for joining the union. The Hon. Donald A. Smith driving the last spike to complete the Canadian Pacific Railway, Nov. 7, 1885

29. Canada History | Lonely Planet World Guide history. By 1885 the completion of the Canadian Pacific railway one of canada s great historical sagas - joined the country s east and west coasts. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/north_america/canada/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Canada History Well before Columbus 'discovered' America in 1492, prehistoric tribes from Asia had come across the Bering Strait; and around AD 1000, the Vikings, the first European vistors, had tried to settle in northern Newfoundland. By the time subsequent Europeans arrived, Canada's Indian tribes had already developed a multitude of languages, customs, religious beliefs, trading patterns, arts and crafts, laws and governments. Although a number of European countries were interested in establishing settlements in the Americas, it was French explorer Jacques Cartier who made the first claim on the area surrounding the St Lawrence River in 1534. Another French explorer, Samuel de Champlain, founded Quebec City in the early 1600s. In 1663 Canada, now home to about 3000 French settlers, became a province of France. Just as the French started to thrive on the fur trade, the British entered the scene, founding the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670 to add a bit of 'friendly' competition. For a while, the two European cultures coexisted peacefully. Then, in 1745, British troops captured a French fort in Nova Scotia - the struggle for control of the new land was on. The turning point in what became known as the Seven Years' War arrived when the British defeated the French at Quebec City in 1759. At the Treaty of Paris in 1763, France handed Canada over to Britain. By the end of the American Revolution (1775-83), a migration of about 50,000 British 'Loyalists' from the USA created a more even balance between the French and British populations. After the War of 1812 - the last war between Canada and the USA, in which Canada was victorious - Britain, fearful of losing Canada as it had the American Colonies, proclaimed the British North America Act (BNA Act) in 1867. The Act established the Dominion of Canada and became Canada's equivalent of a constitution. By 1885 the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway - one of Canada's great historical sagas - joined the country's east and west coasts. By 1912 all provinces had become part of the central government except Newfoundland, which finally joined in 1949.

30. Canadian History - Right Hon. Sir John Alexander Macdonald part of his time, too, buried in a study of constitutional history . being the project, now nearly completed, of building the canada Pacific railway. http://www.electricscotland.com/history/canada/macdonald_sirjohn.htm

Welcome to ElectricScotland.com Clans Tartans History Travel ... Feedback Canadian History Right Hon. Sir John Alexander Macdonald Return to Canadian Scottish History Clans Tartans History ... Feedback

31. Canadian Pacific Railway Encyclopedia : Maps - Weather - Travel - History - Econ The story of the railway s construction was most famously told in popular history books by Pierre Berton See also Canadian culture, history of Chinese http://canada.asinah.net/canadian-encyclopedia/wikipedia/c/ca/canadian_pacific_r

L'encyclopedie canadienne est une ouvre vaste au sujet de Canada. Hotel Reservations all taxes, service charges included ... Whistler Encyclopedia worldwide Table of contents: canada.asinah.net Main Page Edit this page Canadian Pacific Railway The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) is a freight railway corporation in Canada , operating a network of rails stretching from Vancouver to Montreal . It also serves major cities in the northern United States , such as Minneapolis Chicago , and New York . Its head office is in Calgary, Alberta As a historical reference, the name refers to the railway that was built between eastern Canada and British Columbia from to Creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway was a task originally undertaken by the Conservative government of Sir John A. Macdonald as an incentive for British Columbia to join the Confederation of Canada . The successful construction of such a massive project, although troubled by delays and scandal, was considered an impressive feat of engineering and political will for a country with a small population and difficult terrain. As part of British Columbia's agreement to join Confederation, the government promised to build a

32. A Brief Canadian History | Underground Railway Back. UNDERGROUND railway Underground railway Between 1840 and 1860 more than 30,000 American slaves came secretly to canada and freedom. http://www.macleod9.com/music/urailwaybrief.html

Back UNDERGROUND RAILWAY Underground Railway Between 1840 and 1860 more than 30,000 American slaves came secretly to Canada and freedom. Josiah Henson escaped to Canada along the Underground Railroad , a network of secret paths, hiding places and safe houses that stretched from the southern states to the borders of Canada. Like countless other immigrants, Henson came to Canada as a refugee escaping brutality and oppression Josiah Henson Uncle Tom’s Cabin Jane H. Pearse and William H. Pearse, The Canadian Encyclopedia p.979. The Underground Railroad , an informal network of safe houses and people who helped fugitive slaves pass from slave states in the US to free states or to Canada. It has been the object of much mythmaking, for not nearly so many fugitives passed along it, nor were there nearly so many whites involved, as is generally said. Although most fugitive slaves remained in the free states of the American North, perhaps 30 000 reached Canada. The “railroad,” in operation roughly 1840-60, was most effective after the passage of the US Fugitive Slave Act in 1850, which empowered slave hunters to pursue fugitives onto free soil. This Act resulted in several efforts to kidnap fugitives who were in Canada to return them to Southern owners.

33. Brockville & Ottawa Railway history of early railway in canada, now part of the Canadian Pacific railway (CPR). http://www.globalserve.net/~robkath/railbor.htm

Location: History: Construction began in 1854, commencing at the Grand Trunk line in Brockville. With the exception of several river crossings, it was anticipated that building the line would be straight forward as the terrain was generally flat. Progress was slow, however, given the lack of funds available, a problem that would plague the line for most of its corporate history. As a result, the line from Brockville to Smiths Falls was not completed and opened for traffic until February 1859. Shortly thereafter, the branch into Perth was finished, the location of a future connection west with the . By August, the mainline was open to Almonte. Once again, the company fell into financial problems and it wasn't until 1867 that the road was extended north to Sand Point on the Ottawa River, just east of Renfrew. The railway was short of its goal of reaching Pembroke by 48 miles, an area where most of the anticipated lumber traffic would be generated from. As well, the company struggled in making a connection with the Brockville waterfront to gain access to Ogdensburg, New York ferry boats. This occurred primarily because the end of the line and Brockville waterfront were separated by a substantial bluff. Canada Central Railway Approximate Milage: The mainline from Brockville to Sand Point was 86 miles while the branch line from Smiths Falls to Perth was 12 miles.

34. Visit Charlottetown, PEI, Canada | History Lesson history of Charlottetown 1765 Samuel Holland surveyed St. huge debt the Island had incurred building the railway helped convince them to join canada. http://www.visitcharlottetown.com/about/lesson.cfm

Main About Charlottetown History Lesson All clothing and footwear on Prince Edward Island is exempt from the provincial 10% sales tax. History of Charlottetown Samuel Holland surveyed St. John's Island. He recommended that Charlotte Town be the capital because "as this side of the Island cannot have a fishery it may probably be thought expedient to indulge it with some particular privileges." Named for Queen Charlotte, wife of King George III of England, the town comprised 270 acres of building lots and 565 acres of common pasture area. The original 500 building lots were situated between the waterfront and Euston Street. Fanningbank, also known as Government House, was designed by Isaac Smith and built by Smith Brothers and Wright. Fanningbank has been the official residence of the Lieutenant Governor since it was built in 1834. Province House National Historic Site of Canada was erected by architect Isaac Smith. The cornerstone was laid in May 1843 and the first session of the Prince Edward Island legislature in January 1847 marked the official opening of the Colonial Building. In 1864, the Fathers of Confederation met in this building to discuss the union of the colonies. On April 13th, His Excellency Sir Dominick Day, then Lieutenant Governor, declared the Town and Common of Charlottetown to be a City in the name, style and title of Charlottetown.

35. Canadian Genealogy And History Links - British Columbia Extracted from the sessional papers of the government of canada. Southern Vancouver Island railways history of the E N, Comox Logging railway Company, and http://www.islandnet.com/~jveinot/cghl/british-columbia.html

Canadian Genealogy and History Links British Columbia Entries preceded by a indicate it is a new entry or the URL has changed or been updated within the last 14 days. British Columbia Archives - Libraries - Museums Archives Association of British Columbia The AABC provides information on the many programs and services offered to archivists and archives in British Columbia. BC Archives Browse the overview of textual records, and the finding aid databases, or search the catalogue which includes indexes birth, marriage and death registrations. BC Museums Association This page is the index to all of the museums, art galleries, historic sites, cultural and science centres in BC known to the BCMA. British Columbia Archival Union List A database of fonds and collection level descriptions of records held at 156 publicly-accessible archival repositories in the province. Searchable. Campbell River Museum The museum holds a collection of permanent exhibits that represent the unique culture and history of northern Vancouver Island. City of Richmond Archives Search the archives holdings, browse other research tools, visit the virtual exhibit.

36. Welcome To The Seashore Trolley Museum Large electric railway collection containing over 250 transit vehicles, most of them trolleys, from all over the United States and canada. history, events, and admissions information available. http://www.trolleymuseum.org/

The Seashore Trolley Museum A Living History of Public Transportation Home of The National Collection of American Streetcars Home Welcome! About the Museum Special Events ... BACK TO THE TOP Come and Visit us in 2004 Our 65th Year Ride by rail through the Maine countryside aboard one of our restored early 1900's electric streetcars. Witness the sights and sounds of a very important bygone era in American transportation history. Learn how streetcars moved the people who built our major cities, and how they helped develop the suburbs surrounding them. Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway semi-convertible car #4387 at The Seashore Trolley Museum, Kennebunkport, Me. Photo by Matt Cosgro PLEASE NOTE Our Museum in Kennebunkport, Maine is Now Open for the 2004 Season CLICK HERE For Our Schedule. Our Exhibit Titled "On Track: Transit in the American City in Lowell and Across America" in the National Streetcar Museum at Lowell, Massachusetts is Currently Open on Saturdays from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.

37. Guelph Civic Museum Online museum of Black history in Guelph and Wellington County. Provides details of slavery in Upper canada, The Underground railway, settlements and religion. http://www.museum.guelph.on.ca/bhintro.htm

Guelph Museums Slavery in Upper Canada Underground Railroad Wellington County Black Settlements Queen's Bush Settlement ... CONTACT US Black History in Guelph and Wellington County Please note that this exhibit exists online only! The history of Blacks and Black communities in Guelph and Wellington County dates back to the earliest years of settlement by non First Nations peoples. It is a history of courage against great odds - of escapes to freedom from slavery in the United States, of attempts at both segregated and integrated communities, of achievements in education, agriculture, the arts, military, politics, and sports. This exhibition follows that history from the establishment of two settlements in Wellington County - Pierpoint and Queen's Bush - to the starting of a Black community in Guelph geographically centred on the British Methodist Episcopal Church. The exhibition has been organized cooperatively between the Wellington County Museum and Archives, and Guelph Museums. Funding support was received from the Canadian Image Project of the Department of Canadian Heritage and the Canadian Museums Association. This exhibition is one of eleven such projects across Canada. The Guelph and Wellington project was guided by a community advisory committee consisting of participants from the Guelph and District Multicultural Centre, the Wellington County Board of Education, the University of Guelph History Department, the Wellington County Historical Society and volunteers of Guelph Museums.

38. A Brief History Canadian Pacific railway was founded in 1881 to link canada s populated centres with Find out more about our history by visiting our CPR Heritage website. http://www8.cpr.ca/cms/English/General Public/Heritage/A Brief History.htm

CUSTOMERS INVESTORS SUPPLIERS MEDIA ... Contacts A Brief History Canadian Pacific Railway was founded in 1881 to link Canada's populated centres with the vast potential of its relatively unpopulated West. This incredible engineering feat was completed on Nov.7, 1885 - six years ahead of schedule - when the last spike was driven at Craigellachie, B.C. Find out more about our history by visiting our CPR Heritage website Building a nation Canadian Pacific Railway was formed to physically unite Canada and Canadians from coast to coast. Canada's confederation on July 1, 1867 brought four eastern provinces together to form a new country. As part of the deal, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were promised a railway to link them with the two Central Canadian provinces – Quebec and Ontario. Manitoba joined confederation in 1870. British Columbia, on the west coast, was enticed to join the new confederation in 1871, but only with the promise that a transcontinental railway be built within 10 years to physically link east and west. The railway's early construction was filled with controversy, toppling the Conservative government of John A. Macdonald in 1873 and forcing an election. By the time Macdonald was returned to power in 1878, the massive project was seriously behind schedule and in danger of stalling completely.

39. Canadian History Meets Cyberspace As Railway Launches Heritage Website The archival Website provides wide access to not only the history of the railway but the history of canada and its many communities, because the two are so http://www8.cpr.ca/cms/Francais/Media/News/General/2001/Canadian History Meets C

CLIENTS INVESTISSEURS FOURNISSEURS MÉDIAS ... Personnes-ressources Canadian History Meets Cyberspace as Railway Launches Heritage Website le vendredi 16 février 2001 Calgary, Alberta Close to 400 images from one of Canada's largest privately-owned archival collections are now on-line with the launch today of Canadian Pacific Railway's newest Website: cprheritage.com Today also marks the 120th anniversary of CPR's incorporation. The railway's heritage Website is a showcase of some of the best photographs and graphic art from CPR's archives in Montreal. Among them are an 1877 photograph of the Countess of Dufferin, the first steam locomotive to reach the Canadian Prairies; the world-famous photograph of the driving of the Last Spike in 1885; and a selection of the renowned CPR poster art and graphics throughout history. "This Website is where the past and the present come together, where Canadian history meets cyberspace," said Jonathan Hanna, CPR corporate historian. "CPR has an important and rich heritage, that can now be shared with Canadians from coast to coast and the world at large. The archival Website provides wide access to not only the history of the railway but the history of Canada and its many communities, because the two are so inextricably intertwined." Like most Websites, cprheritage.com is considered a work in progress and is expected to evolve with input from those who visit the site and as more images are added in the years to come.

40. Canadian Railway Museum The Museum endeavors to highlight in a vivid, interactive way, the history and the role of the railways in canada and it is using all its energies to do so. http://www.exporail.org/musee/musee_crm.htm

EXPORAIL A Unique Museum! Phase 2 of the construction of the Exporail project is now going on. The museum is closed to the general public until end of June 2004. How to get to the Museum Animation Programs - Admission fees - Hours - Services BACK IN 2004: The Museum Express! ... The collection See information about our Volunteer's Program. Go to our list of Educational Programs. During the 2004 season, obtain a discount on ADULT admission fee, click on DISCOUNT And by keeping your receipt, obtain a 25% rebate for your next visit. The Canadian Railway Museum at Delson/Saint-Constant offers its public a unique opportunity to see and experience life in the railway world. In fact, visitors can see not only trains, streetcars and all their related infrastructures, but also use these various modes of transportation right on the Museum grounds. The garden train operates daily on the site while the observation streetcar, nicknamed the Golden Chariot, runs when the weather permits. And every Sunday, a passenger train takes visitors for a short trip up to Montée des Bouleaux. The Museum endeavors to highlight in a vivid, interactive way, the history and the role of the railways in Canada and it is using all its energies to do so.

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