141. INTRODUCTION rabies is a very old disease, perhaps as old as humankind. The Ascension of Wildlife rabies A Cause for Public Health Concern or Intervention? http://www.fas.org/ahead/docs/rabies.htm

INTRODUCTION Contributed by Yolande Rotivel Pasteur Institute, Paris Rabies is a very old disease, perhaps as old as humankind. The word rabies has its origin in Sanskrit, 3000 years BBC: "rabhas" means "to do violence". The Greek word for rabies, "lyssa" derives from the root "lud" which means "violent". Thus, the family of viruses to which rabies belongs is lyssa. The first description of the disease dates from the 23rd. century BC in the Eshuma Code of Babylon. Antiquity, did know rabies as well as the link between human disease and animals, especially dogs. But, it is a famous Italian scholar, Girolamo Fracastoro, born in Verona, who described the disease, which obviously he had seen in many patients, and its routes of contamination in 1530, i.e. 350 years before Louis Pasteur. In the 19th. century, canine or street rabies was a scourge everywhere, especially in Europe. Fear of rabies, related to the mode of contamination, the absence of any efficacious treatment, was almost irrational. Patients killed themselves or were killed when bitten by a dog believed to be rabid. In this world of irrational terror the first post-exposure treatment in 1885 gave Louis Pasteur an international aura that his previous major scientific works had not been able to provide. The Ascension of Wildlife Rabies: A Cause for Public Health Concern or Intervention?

142. Rabies rabies is an ancient viral disease which exists in a carrier state in certain wild animal populations. This fact rabies. Background rabies http://www.health.gov.au/pubhlth/strateg/communic/factsheets/rabies.htm

This site uses Javascript for its navigation, if you have javascript turned off please use the buttons on the left hand side of the page. Please select a topic from list... Alcohol Australia's Biosecurity Health Response Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Breastfeeding National Child Nutrition Program Communicable Diseases National Comorbidity Project Disaster Medicine Environmental Health Falls Prevention for Older People Initiative Folate Food Policy Group Food Regulation Secretariat Health Inequalities Research Collaboration (HIRC) Hepatitis C HIV/AIDS Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative Immunise Australia Program Injury Prevention JETACAR Lifestyle Prescriptions National Drug Strategy National Illicit Drug Strategy (Tough on Drugs) National Health Strategy Papers Obesity Guidelines Physical Activity Pituitary Hormone Initiatives Population Health Social Marketing Promoting Healthy Weight Tobacco RABIES Background Rabies is a viral disease which is maintained in certain wild animal populations. The virus is almost uniformly fatal to infected humans who do not receive appropriate and timely treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are between 35,000 and 50,000 deaths annually world wide from rabies. Rabies is most commonly transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected animal. The virus is carried in the animal’s saliva and enters the body through broken skin. The incubation period for the disease is highly variable depending primarily on the site of the bite, its severity and the quantity of virus transmitted. Following infection symptoms are usually observed after 3 to 8 weeks, but this period can be as short as 9 days or as long as 7 years. There are no initial mild symptoms of infection that indicate that the virus has been transmitted. Once the symptoms of systemic rabies infection appear (e.g. headache, fever, malaise, paralysis, delirium, convulsions and respiratory paralysis) the disease is fatal after an illness lasting between 2 to 7 days.

143. Rabies . The following are links to additional rabies information available on other websites rabies. Beware of rabies. Be Aware of rabies....... rabies. http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-27259--,00.html

Skip Navigation Michigan.gov Home DNR Home Links ... Wildlife Conservation Strategy Rabies Description Rabies (from Latin rabere-to rage) is an acute infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by a Rhabdo virus. It generally persists in nature as a salivary gland infection of carnivorous animals. The virus is usually transmitted from animal to animal and from animal to man by a bite (exposure). All warm-blooded animals are susceptible. Once signs of illness appear, rabies is 100% fatal; however, proper post-exposure treatment is nearly 100% effective. Distribution Rabies is one of the oldest recorded infectious diseases, having been reported in Asia as early as 2000 BC. It was probably imported into North America from Europe in the eighteenth century in domestic dogs. One of the first North American records was of an epizootic in foxes in Massachusetts in the early nineteenth century. It is currently found in every continent except Australia; most countries free of the disease are islands. Map of Rabies Positive Animals in 2000 Map of Rabies Positive Animals in 1999 Map of Rabies Positive Animals in 1998 Map of Rabies Positive Animals, 1978-2000

144. Rabies rabies. What is it? rabies is a viral infection of the central nervous system, which means it affects the brain, spinal cord, and their surrounding membranes. http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/r/rabies.htm

145. Rabies In North Carolina rabies is a disease, caused by a virus, that can infect all mammals, including humans. It disease. rabies can infect any mammal. http://www.epi.state.nc.us/epi/rabies.html

Epidemiology is part of Public Health in North Carolina Topics A-Z Biological Agents Registry Communicable Disease Control ... CDC Health Topics Rabies is a disease, caused by a virus, that can infect all mammals, including humans. It is transmitted through contact with the saliva or nervous tissue of an infectious animalusually through a bite. If an exposed person or animal is not treated quickly, the virus may infect the person or animal and may result in death. Rabies is almost always fatal to animals and people once signs of disease appear. However, immediate treatment by a doctor after exposure, possibly including a post-exposure rabies vaccination, will prevent development of the disease. Rabies can infect any mammal. In North Carolina it is most common in raccoons, skunks, and foxes, and has also been found in dogs, cats, horses, cattle, bats, and other animals. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of animals found to have rabies in North Carolina. Because it can be fatal, rabies should be considered extremely dangerous. Therefore, it is important to prevent exposure to the rabies virus whenever possible. The best way to avoid rabies is to stay away from animals that appear sick or act oddly, and avoid contact with strange animals and wildlife. Since people's pets may be exposed to rabies when they come in contact with other animals, pets should be vaccinated by a veterinarian against the disease. To help protect people against rabies, vaccination of dogs and cats is required by law in North Carolina.

146. The Gable S Raccoon Rabies Info raccoons, raccoon, racoons, racoon, including extensive rabies info and resources and rabies info, signs symptoms and prevention and treatment of rabies http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/4892/raccoonrabies.html

147. Seizures Introduction. rabies is a viral disease of warm blooded animals that occurs world wide, with significant human health significance due to its fatal nature. http://www.lbah.com/rabies.htm

Rabies Introduction Cause Transmission Symptoms ... Public Health Introduction Rabies is a viral disease of warm blooded animals that occurs world wide, with significant human health significance due to its fatal nature. Various outbreaks have occurred in the United States in the last decade. Adequate vaccination of dogs and cats is the primary line of defense in preventing outbreaks. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, along with the veterinary community, produce reports detailing the incidence of rabies in specific areas of the country. Thousands of animal rabies cases are reported every year, with the actual number of cases being much higher. The majority of rabies cases in animals in the U.S. occur along the East coast, with pockets of rabies in various other states. Approximately 500 cases of human rabies are reported yearly, with the actual number again being probably much higher. Discrepancies in diagnosis and reporting make actual numbers hard to come by. Several countries are free of rabies, and institute extreme quarantine measures to prevent spread. We have never seen a case of rabies in our hospital, a testimony to the effectiveness of the rabies vaccine.

148. RABIES.HTM UPDATE ON ANIMALS AND rabies. Highly recommended additional Links at Kasas State Univerisity s Web Site, with extensive information about rabies. http://www.itsfortheanimals.com/RABIES.HTM

Back to www.ItsForTheAnimals.com Index Page Reprinted here with the kind permission from Kansas State University Media Relations and Marketing, and slightly edited. K-STATE'S RABIES LABORATORY THE ONLY ONE IN KANSAS February 19, 1998 [with May, 2001 update below] Americans know that rabies is a real-life version of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde that affects thousands of animals each year. But Dr. Deborah Briggs, director of the Rabies Laboratory at Kansas State University, says that people should be just as concerned for themselves as they are for their pets when it comes to rabies. "For all animals, including humans, clinical rabies is virtually 100 percent fatal if not caught in time," she said. Briggs notes that the effects of rabies, made famous by the movie "Cujo," are just as frightening as the prognosis of death. "Rabies strikes fear in the heart of man," Briggs said. As well it should. Real-life cases of infection aren't far from silver screen portrayals. The rabies virus affects the central nervous system and brain, causing a variety of clinical symptoms including hallucinations, restlessness, and sometimes uncharacteristically aggressive episodes in an infected pet. This stage precedes paralysis of the body and throat muscles which can prevent an animal from swallowing, leading to foaming of the mouth. Finally, an infected animal will slip into a coma and die. According to Briggs, infected humans exhibit similar alternating stages of agitation and lucidity, as well as paralysis and eventual death.

149. Ask NOAH About: Rabies Ask NOAH About rabies. What is rabies? Prevention. rabies and Children rabies and Pets Travel, Internet Resources Statistics. Return to Neurological Menu. http://www.noah-health.org/english/illness/neuro/rabies.html

Ask NOAH About: Rabies What is Rabies? Prevention The Basics Transmission and Diagnosis Care and Treatment Complications and Concerns Information Resources Rabies and Children Rabies and Pets Travel ... Return to Neurological Menu What is Rabies? Basic Descriptions Fact Sheet: Rabies - NIAID Frequently Asked Questions - RabAvert Question and Answer - CDC Rabies - Pasteur Institute (also in French and Spanish Rabies (Hydrophobia) - Erie County Rabies - Methodist Healthcare System, Houston TX (also in Spanish Rabies (Hydrophobia) - Merck Manual Rabies - Rhode Island Dept of Environmental Management ... PDF File of 2 Pages) Rabies FAQ - Texas Department of Health Rabies on the Rise - FDA Rabies Virus - CDC The Virus - CDC ... Zoonoses: Animals Can Make You Sick - Michigan State University Symptoms and Diagnosis Diagnosis - CDC Rabies: Warning Signs - CDC Symptoms of the Rabies Disease - A Breed Apart Transmission (see also Rabies and Pets Bats and Rabies - CDC Bats and Rabies Fact Sheet - Seattle and King County (WA) Department of Health Natural History - CDC ... The Wild Side of Rabies - Texas Department of Health Prevention Post-Vaccination Norm, but Pre-treatment Offered - Gaston Gazette, Gastonia, NC

150. Http//lozere.net http//lozere.net/. http://www.lozere.net/rabies/

http://lozere.net/ http://lozere.net/

151. Sacramento County - Bats & Rabies Bats rabies. What is rabies and how do people get it? rabies is an medical advice. Why should I learn about bats and rabies? Most http://www.sacdhhs.com/article.asp?contentid=203

152. Nebraska HHS System: Rabies rabies Cases in Nebraska 2004. rabies. Introduction recommendations. Dog and cat bites represent the most common potential exposure to rabies. http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/epi/epirabie.htm

Rabies Cases in Nebraska 2004 Rabies Introduction Rabies remains a potentially serious public health problem in Nebraska, and is of concern to a variety of professional and occupational groups in our state, including physicians, veterinarians, farmers and ranchers. Rabies control Medical and veterinary care providers should combine epidemiologic data on animal rabies in the region where the exposure occurred with an assessment of the circumstances surrounding the actual patient exposure when formulating post-exposure prophylaxis recommendations. Dog and cat bites represent the most common potential exposure to rabies. Vaccination of pets remains the most sensible measure to reduce human exposure. Other important rabies-control measures include stray animal control, education of the general public regarding wild animal contact, and legislation controlling the acquisition of wild animals as pets (most notably raccoons, black footed ferrets, skunks, and foxes). Criteria for assessing rabies exposure The following definitions are provided to assist health care personnel in deciding on the need for post-exposure prophylaxis.

153. Rabies Home Page - ADHS Quick Links, rabies Frequently Asked Questions. rabies Preventions Tips. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Disease Section. rabies in the US and Arizona http://www.hs.state.az.us/phs/oids/vector/rabies/

AZ Dept of Health Services ADHS Home A-Z Index Public Health Services Search ... Contact Us Quick Links Rabies Frequently Asked Questions Rabies Preventions Tips Statistics and Maps Arizona Rabies Manual [PDF 771K] ... Additional Rabies Information *Some links above are in PDF format. In order to download, Acrobat Reader ™ is required. Contact Us Vector Borne and Zoonotic Disease Section 150 N. 18th Avenue, Suite 140 Phoenix, AZ 85007 (602) 364-3198 Fax Arizona Dept of Health Services 150 N. 18th Avenue Phoenix, AZ 85007 (602) 542-0883 Fax Office of Infectious Disease Services Vector Borne and Zoonotic Disease Section Rabies in the U.S. and Arizona: Rabies is a preventable viral disease of mammals most often transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal. The rabies virus attacks the central nervous system, causing encephali tis, and is always fatal once symptoms appear. Rabies can be prevented in persons who have come into contact or been bitten by wild animals through prompt administration of anti-rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin. Hundreds of rabies post exposure prophylactic treatments are initiated annually in Arizona to prevent rabies from developing after confirmed or suspect exposures. All bite or contact exposures to bats or other wild animals should be reported immediately to local animal control or health officials. Bites from domestic mammals except for rodents, should also be reported to local animal control. Reports of rabies or suspect rabies infection in livestock, and the quarantine of livestock that bite humans, are handled by the Arizona State Veterinarian's office in Phoenix: (602) 542-4293.

154. Defra, UK - Animal Health & Welfare - Rabies rabies. rabies prevention. rabies control. Defra has a rabies Contingency Plan which would be used in the event of an outbreak. Latest information on the Plan. http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/rabies/default.htm

Skip navigation Animal health and welfare Home Contact Defra About Defra News ... Homepage Rabies Latest news Rabies Quarantine Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) Information on Rabies Contingency Plan (RCP) ... Links Rabies prevention The British Isles have been free of classical rabies for many decades, but because of the existence of the disease elsewhere there is concern about rabies being reintroduced by imported animals. All rabies susceptible animals entering the UK are required to spend six months in quarantine, unless arriving under and complying with all the conditions of the Pet Travel Scheme (PETS). Further information on the level of rabies in other countries around the world is available on the World Health Organisation website . Information on rabies in Europe can be found on the Rabies Bulletin Europe website The Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) was introduced in February 2000. This allows cats and dogs which comply with certain conditions and from qualifying countries only (see map above) to enter the UK without going into quarantine Rabies control Defra has a Rabies Contingency Plan which would be used in the event of an outbreak.

155. Defra, UK - Disease Surveillance And Control - Notifiable Diseases - Rabies rabies. rabies is a fatal viral disease of the nervous system caused by a rhabdovirus which can affect all mammals including man. http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/notifiable/disease/rabies.htm

Skip navigation Animal health and welfare Home Contact Defra About Defra News ... Notifiable diseases Rabies Rabies Rabies is a fatal viral disease of the nervous system caused by a rhabdovirus which can affect all mammals including man. The disease is usually spread by saliva from the bite of an infected animal. Clinical signs include paralysis and aggression leading to a painful death. Rabies was eradicated from the UK in 1922 and the Pet Travel Scheme and quarantine protects against infected animals entering the UK. However some European bats carry rabies related viruses. Note on Rabies Contingency Plan (61 KB) Rabies Vaccinations for Bat Handlers Frequently Asked Questions (28 KB) Rabies pages on the Defra website. Page last modified: June 3, 2004 Page published: 5 February 2003 Top Help Feedback Access Keys ... Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

156. CDF Bulletin 10/95 CDF Bulletin rabies. WHAT IS rabies? rabies is home. IS rabies ALWAYS FATAL? Once symptoms occur, rabies is almost always fatal. The http://www.thecdf.org/b1095.html

CDF Bulletin - Rabies WHAT IS RABIES? Rabies is a viral infection of mammals, usually transmitted by a bite or scratch of an infected animal. Rabies is most commonly found in raccoons, skunks, foxes and bats. WHERE DO THE MOST COMMON BATS ROOST? The big brown bat and the little brown bat are common house bats that roost during spring and summer in attics, behind shutters and in other sheltered areas of human dwellings and outbuildings. It is important to bat-proof your home by blocking any small openings that will allow a bat entrance into your home. IS RABIES ALWAYS FATAL? Once symptoms occur, rabies is almost always fatal. The incubation period (the period of time between exposure and onset of disease) ranges from two weeks to many months. Once rabies has progressed from the incubation period, treatment is ineffective. Periodic vaccinations in dogs, cats and livestock can protect these animals against the disease. WHAT IF A PERSON IS BITTEN BY A BAT? A bat bite might be difficult or impossible to recognize. Rabies treatment should be considered for any physical contact with a bat, when a bite, scratch or contamination of any open wound or mucous membrane (eye, nose, mouth) cannot be ruled out. Sleeping in a room where bats were found, or may have gained entry, should also be considered an exposure that warrants reporting and, possibly, treatment. Wash any bite, scratch or other exposure site very carefully. then call your doctor or the Westchester County Health Department immediately if you suspect that you have been exposed to rabies (914) 593-5100. If possible, capture the bat and arrange for the Health Department to test the bat for rabies.

157. Rabies Alert All news and online resources pertaining to rabies in and around Rochester, New York. rabies Alert. ( We New York State lead the http://www.ggw.org/RochesterEnvironment/bat.htm

Home Up FAQ Feedback ... Rochester Issues : Get all the news and resources for these issues: Superfund Zebra Mussels Deer Problem Lyme Disease ... Subscribe or Unsubscribe to RENewsletter Get news links Action reports updates every week. Calendar To add your event, e-mail it to me Sponsored by Be sure to visit these pages (below) in Green Solitaire Environmental ACTION! Bush Watch Environment News ... E-Resources Rabies Alert ("We [New York State] lead the country in West Nile," she said. "But we lead the country in rabies, too." DEMOCRAT AND CHRONICLE Report all animal bites or contact with wild animals to your county health authority. Don’t let any animal escape that has possibly exposed someone to rabies. Depending on the species, it can be observed or tested for rabies in order to avoid the need for rabies treatment. This includes bats with skin contact or found in a room with a sleeping person, unattended child, or someone with mental impairment. Bats have small, sharp teeth and in certain circumstances people can be bitten and not know it. NYS Health Dept. Rabies Clinics Get Clinic locations and times here: The Monroe County Health Department works closely with municipalities to host rabies clinics for pets belonging to Monroe County residents. Dogs, cats and ferrets can be immunized, but must be at least three months old. Dogs should be leashed; cats and ferrets must be in a pet carrier. Shots are provided at no charge.

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