21. Ippr - Publications Publications Latest Books. from public service broadcasting to Public Service Communication. public service broadcasting must change if it is to survive. http://www.ippr.org.uk/publications/index.php?book=403

22. Ippr - Press Releases From public service broadcasting to Public Service Communications’ argues the Board of Governors must be radically reformed if they are to provide http://www.ippr.org.uk/press/index.php?release=281¤t=2004

23. Public Service Broadcasting - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia public service broadcasting. A public service broadcaster is not broadcasting for commercial ends but rather aims at social betterment. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_broadcasting

Public service broadcasting From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Public service broadcasting (often abbreviated to PSB) is the style of broadcasting established by Lord Reith , the first Director General of the BBC . Its mission is to " inform, educate and entertain A public service broadcaster is not broadcasting for commercial ends but rather aims at social betterment. For this reason, PSB is often incompatible with commercial stations. For the same reason, it is often seen as being overly paternalistic in nature. Perhaps the most famous example of a "public service broadcaster" (in theory if not in practice) is the BBC. There is no standard definition of what PSB is exactly, although a number of official bodies have attempted to pick out the key characteristics. The Broadcasting Research Unit lists the following: Geographic universality - that the stations' broadcasts are available nationwide, with no exception (a criterion failed by Five Catering for all interests and tastes - as exemplified by the BBC's range of minority channels ( BBC Radio 3 , and various digital services), but also by the commercial Channel 4 Catering for minorities - much as above, but with racial and sexual minorities etc. (e.g. Channel 4

24. Public Service Broadcasting Recommendation 1641 (2004)1. public service broadcasting. 1. public service broadcasting, a vital element of democracy in Europe, is under threat. http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/AdoptedText/TA04/EREC1641.htm

Parliamentary Assembly Assemblée parlementaire Recommendation 1641 (2004) Public service broadcasting 1. Public service broadcasting, a vital element of democracy in Europe, is under threat. It is challenged by political and economic interests, by increasing competition from commercial media, by media concentrations and by financial difficulties. It is also faced with the challenge of adapting to globalisation and the new technologies. 2. Public service broadcasting, whether run by public organisations or privately-owned companies, differs from broadcasting for purely commercial or political reasons because of its specific remit, which is essentially to operate independently of those holding economic and political power. It provides the whole of society with information, culture, education and entertainment; it enhances social, political and cultural citizenship and promotes social cohesion. To that end, it is typically universal in terms of content and access; it guarantees editorial independence and impartiality; it provides a benchmark of quality; it offers a variety of programmes and services catering for the needs of all groups in society and it is publicly accountable. These principles apply, whatever changes may have to be introduced to meet the requirements of the twenty-first century. 3. It is a matter of concern that many European countries have so far failed to meet the commitment that their governments undertook, at the 4th European Ministerial Conference on Mass Media Policy held in Prague in 1994, to maintain and develop a strong public broadcasting system. It is also worrying that the fundamental principle of the independence of public service broadcasting contained in Recommendation No. R (96) 10 of the Committee of Ministers is still not firmly established in a number of member states. Moreover, governments across the continent are in the process of reorienting their media policies in the light of the development of digital technology and are in danger of leaving public service broadcasting without enough support.

25. Public Service Broadcasting Parliamentary Assembly Assemblée parlementaire. public service broadcasting. Doc. Summary. public service broadcasting is a vital element of democracy in Europe. http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/doc04/EDOC10029.htm

Parliamentary Assembly Assemblée parlementaire Public service broadcasting Doc. 1002 12 January 2004 Report Committee on Culture, Science and Education Link to the Addendum Summary Public service broadcasting is a vital element of democracy in Europe. Across the continent, its future is challenged by political and economic interests, by increasing competition from commercial media, by media concentrations and by financial difficulties. Some post-communist countries have not yet even started the transition from state-controlled to public electronic media. In other countries, public service broadcasting is in crisis. The report calls for a clear political commitment of European governments to maintain strong and vibrant independent public service broadcasting, whilst adapting it to the requirements of the digital age. I. Draft recommendation Link to the adopted text 1. Public service broadcasting is a vital element of democracy in Europe but it is under threat. It is challenged by political and economic interests, by increasing competition from commercial media, by media concentrations and by financial difficulties. It is also faced with the challenge of adapting to globalisation and the new technologies. 2. Public service broadcasting, whether run by public organisations or privately owned companies, is distinguished from broadcasting for purely commercial or political reasons by its specific remit, which is essentially to operate independently of economic and political power. It provides the whole of society with information, culture, education and entertainment, enhances social, political and cultural citizenship and stimulates the cohesion of society. To that end, it is typically universal in terms of content and access; it guarantees editorial independence and impartiality; it provides a benchmark of quality; it offers variety of programmes and services catering for the needs of all groups in society and it is publicly accountable. These principles apply whatever changes may have to be introduced to meet the requirements of the 21

26. National Union Of Journalists : What Is Public Service Broadcasting? The key elements of public service broadcasting the ethos of Britisb radio and TV for the last 80 years, now under sustained attack. http://www.nuj.org.uk/inner.php?docid=710

27. National Union Of Journalists : Key Dates For Public Service Broadcasting These are the important dates in the twin processes of determining the future of public service broadcasting the renewal of the BBC Charter and Ofcom s http://www.nuj.org.uk/inner.php?docid=709

28. Senator Feargal Quinn On Public Service Broadcasting public service broadcasting. Speaking I had not thought through the benefits, success and objectives of public service broadcasting. With http://www.feargalquinn.ie/st/broadcasting.htm

Public service broadcasting Speaking in the Seanad on 7 February 2001, on the 2nd Stage of the Broadcasting Bill, 1999 , I said: This Bill has challenged me because when I looked at it I had to remove the commercial deregulation hat that I normally wear. I had not thought through the benefits, success and objectives of public service broadcasting. With the arrival of digital broadcasting, the way we structure our broadcasting faces radical challenges. The nature of competition in broadcasting has radically changed. We are approaching a situation where it will be possible for the customer not simply to receive a few channels, but scores or even hundreds. This change will end the era of massive audiences for any one programme, even "Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?" which the whole country seems to watch as it once watched "The Late Late Show." The days when the whole country switched on the same television or radio programme are numbered. Viewing in the future may become an individual activity rather than a collective one. A second change is that the scale of costs of setting up the technology for digital broadcasting puts it outside the public sector, especially when commercial forces will be ready to provide this investment. We need a structure like the one in this Bill. I have no problems with the route the Minister proposes. I leave it to others to examine the Bill in detail.

29. Hungarian Radio Radio Budapest is the external service of Hungarian Radio Company Limited, the public service broadcasting organisation. http://www.english.radio.hu/index.php?rovat_id=1059

30. Senator Feargal Quinn On Funding Public Service Broadcasting Funding public service broadcasting. I welcome this Bill which is a further instalment in the ongoing national debate on public service broadcasting. http://www.feargalquinn.ie/st/broadfund.htm

+ Larger text + Smaller text Funding public service broadcasting In the Seanad on 4 November 2003, speaking on the 2nd Stage of the Broadcasting (Funding) Bill 2003 , I said: I welcome this Bill which is a further instalment in the ongoing national debate on public service broadcasting. As far as commercial broadcasters are concerned, one of the great strengths of what is now being proposed, is that it gives them an incentive to broadcast programmes they would not otherwise tend to. This could also be made a condition of the broadcasting licence in the first place in order that they could leaven the lump of their commercial offering with, other, less crowd-pleasing programmes. There is room for both approaches - the carrot and the stick. I hope this new approach to funding will not encourage commercial broadcasters to think that they have no additional public service responsibilities except under this scheme. I am aware that this Bill is enabling legislation and it will be up to the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland to devise a detailed scheme for the Minister's approval. In an area like broadcasting, it is impossible to forecast what will and will not work. There must be room for a certain amount of learning as we go along. I am not sure if there is sufficient flexibility in the Bill to allow subsequent changes in the scheme approved by the Minister. If there is not, then we can look at it on Committee Stage. The exact basis of the funding for the programming that will be supported is not spelled out in this Bill. It is easy to overlook the fact that a broadcaster incurs two kinds of costs in creating public service broadcasting. The first is the actual cost of making the programme itself. However, this is not the end of the matter. In arriving at the total cost for the broadcaster, the income foregone by broadcasting that particular programme, rather than a popular one that can raise more advertising revenue, must be taken into account.

31. Partner Point - Public Service Broadcasting For Radio Managers public service broadcasting for Radio Managers 3216 Duration May 10 - June 20, 2004 Location Stockholm , Uppsala, Gysinge and at five SR Local Stations http://www.sida.se/Sida/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=3128&a=22677

32. DTI - DCMS: Communications White Paper operate. 5.3.1 The Government believes that we will continue to rely on public service broadcasting for one clear reason it works. 5.3 http://www.communicationswhitepaper.gov.uk/by_chapter/ch5/5_3.htm

Select key point... Modern Regulation Simple, clear regulation Protecting the consumer Leading the world Quality and diversity Continues commitment Provides protection Select chapter... Foreword Executive summary 1 Government's vision and objectives 2 Creating a dynamic market 3 Ensuring universal access 4 Maintaining diversity and plurality 5 Securing quality 6 Safeguarding the interests of citizens 7 Protecting the interests of consumers 8 The new organisational framework 9 The process for implementation 9.5 Table of policy proposals Annex A - Negative content regulation Annex B - Media ownership provisions Annex C - Key sporting and other events Annex D - Glossary Select keyword.... Summary of proposals BBC Channel 3 Rules on content Digital switchover Licensing Public service broadcasting Internet Consumers Regulatory structure Content regulation Media ownership Economic regulation Radio Radio spectrum Cross media ownership Public service broadcasting will continue to have a key role to play in the digital future, potentially an even more important role than it has now. However, the way public service broadcasting is regulated and delivered by the broadcasters will have to change to reflect the new conditions in which they operate. The Government believes that we will continue to rely on public service broadcasting for one clear reason - it works.

33. Social Market Foundation - Public Service Broadcasting And Citizenship You are here Home » Events » public service broadcasting and Citizenship. public service broadcasting and Citizenship. This half http://www.smf.co.uk/site/smf/Events/psbandcitizenship

@import url(http://www.smf.co.uk/site/smf/plone.css?skin=); @import url(http://www.smf.co.uk/site/smf/ploneCustom.css); Advanced Search SMF... the independent think tank 'The Social Market Foundation (SMF), an independent think tank, explores ideas that link the state and the market to create the just, free and prosperous Britain of tomorrow' Home About Us News Research ... Events You are here: Home Events Public Service Broadcasting and Citizenship Navigation smf About Us Events 'In Conversation' wit A Nation of Telly-Tub Barriers to responsiv Community Recharged: Corporate Social Resp Creating Safer Commun Fairness seminar with Insolvency Laws and W Parallel trading in m Parrellel Trading in Professionally-led re Project Launch: Life Promoting Self-care a Public Service Broadc Schools and Higher Ed Second Chances in Edu SMF Reception to laun The Future of Aviatio The future of Rail Turning the Clock For Universal Access: Wid What Skills? What St

34. The Virtual Freedom Of Expression Handbook - Introduction & Themes public service broadcasting, public service broadcasting, In many countries, the Statefunded broadcaster is not independent of government http://www.article19.org/homepage.asp?AreaID=42&SubAreaID=107&PageID=297

35. SCADPlus: State Aid For Public Service Broadcasting To lay down the criteria for applying the competition rules to public service broadcasting. Important legal notice. State aid for public service broadcasting. http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l26099.htm

Print version What's new? Search Contact ... RULES APPLICABLE TO STATE AID State aid for public service broadcasting 1) OBJECTIVE To lay down the criteria for applying the competition rules to public service broadcasting. 2) ACT Commission communication on the application of state aid rules to public service broadcasting (Text with EEA relevance) [Official Journal C 320 of 15.11.2001]. 3) SUMMARY Background Since its inception, television broadcasting has been provided mostly by public undertakings under a monopoly regime, mainly as a consequence of the limited availability of broadcasting frequencies and the high barriers to entry. In the 1970s, however, economic and technological developments made it increasingly possible for Member States to allow other operators to broadcast. Whilst opening the market to competition, Member States considered that public service broadcasting ought to be maintained as a way to ensure the coverage of a number of areas and the satisfaction of needs that private operators would not necessarily fulfil to the optimal extent. This increased competition, together with the presence of state-funded operators, has led to growing concerns about a level playing field, which had been brought to the Commission's attention by private operators. The vast majority of the complaints allege infringements of

36. EBU.CH :: Public Service Broadcasting public service broadcasting. 2003. public service broadcasting, 31.01.2003, Model public service broadcasting Law, 2002. State aid, http://www.ebu.ch/en/legal/other/psb/index.php

site map EBU Lounge eurovision.net advanced search ... Contact us Publications/Speeches The following publications are based on speeches or papers by individual lawyers in the EBU Legal and Public Affairs Department. Although they do not represent an "official" view on the part of the EBU or its Members and should not be confused with EBU position papers, they do provide supplementary information and comments which may be found helpful. Public Service Broadcasting Public service broadcasting Model Public Service Broadcasting Law State aid Comments on the Communication from the Commission on the application of State aid rules to public service broadcasting Funding The Funding of Public Service Broadcasting Candidate countries The position of public service television in the candidate countries Prior to 2000 State aid Liberalization and Public Service Broadcasting - Competition Regulation, State Aid and the Impact of Liberalization Latest update 12.03.2004

37. Public Service Broadcasting: Against The Tide By Dr Helena Sheehan On public service broadcasting against the tide The defense of public service broadcasting has become so unfashionable in recent years. http://www.comms.dcu.ie/sheehanh/psb.htm

On public service broadcasting: against the tide Dr Helena Sheehan School of Communications Dublin City University This was published in IRISH COMMUNICATIONS REVIEW (Vol 2 1992). In response to a number of requests, including those who have found this article torn out of the copy in DCU library, I am putting it on the web. The defense of public service broadcasting has become so unfashionable in recent years. Despite an international climate bearing down upon its economic base from without and an erosion of its ethos from within, I seem to be among the ever dwindling number who still defend it. My first experience of the European tradition of public service broadcasting came after two decades of listening to radio and watching television exclusively within the American tradition of commercial broadcasting. I therefore have tended to see it in sharper relief than those who grew up taking it for granted. For two decades now I have marveled at the sort of radio and television it made possible and I have been distressed at the strength of the forces moving against it. The pressures building up against public service broadcasting have been tied to the pressures building up against the public service generally. It has been part of the global push to privatisation, bringing the dismantling of the public sector, with its concomitant in the eighties mood of glorification of entrepreneurial spirit, of individualist acquisitiveness, of cynicism in relation to higher ideals and social movements.

38. AIBD-Khabar Agency-UNESCO, International Workshop On Public Service Broadcasting AIBDKhabar Agency-UNESCO,. International Workshop on public service broadcasting. 3 WebWorld; UNESCO and public service broadcasting. SpyLOG. http://www.unesco.kz/ci/projects/aibd/psb2/

Àçèàòñêî-Òèõîîêåàíñêèé Èíñòèòóò Ðàçâèòèÿ Âåùàíèÿ (AIBD), Àãåíòñòâî «Õàáàð», ÞÍà ÑÊÎ AIBD-Khabar Agency-UNESCO, International Workshop on Public Service Broadcasting 02-03 Febryary 2003 Media School, Almaty, Kazakhstan PDF 730 Kb) Webworld ÞÍà ÑÊÎ î Ñåìèíàðå agenda List of participants Publications, links Declarations on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Media , Declaration of Alma Ata 9 October 1992, Endorsed by the General Conference at its twenty-eighth session - 1995 Bishkek's PSB conference Toby Mendel : Public Service Broadcasting. A comparative Legal Survey. - Kuala Lumpur : UNESCO, Asia Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development, 2000 The Vienna Declaration on Public Service Broadcasting , 22-24 September 1993 UNESCO WebWorld UNESCO and Public Service Broadcasting

39. International Federation Of Journalists 2004 EFJ Resolution on public service broadcasting. 17/04/2004 On 17 April 2004, the General Meeting of the European Federation of http://www.ifj.org/default.asp?index=2423&Language=EN

40. International Federation Of Journalists public service broadcasting in Korea Must be Protected from Partisan Interests. This threatens the very existence of public service broadcasting in Korea. http://www.ifj.org/default.asp?index=2140&Language=EN

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