21. Endangered Species - RedJellyfish.com the very survival of other primate species is threatened due to habitat loss andhuman predation. Nearly half of all primates are endangered species according http://www.redjellyfish.com/wildlife/species.html

Animal Area Categories: Natural Pets Wildlife Endangered Species ... My Life With the Chimpanzees : The only autobiography written for younger readers, this book is illustrated throughout with many photos of the author's childhood and years in Africa. "An engrossing tale of adventure and commitment." Defenders of Wildlife. More books on Animals Gorillas in the Mist Although Dr. Fossey's work ended tragically with her murder, her book remains an enthralling testament to one of the longest field studies of primates, covering fifteen years in the lives of four gorilla families in Central Africa. More books on Animals I MPERILED PRIMATES As the number of people surpasses 6 billion, and the planet suffers from the effects of our extreme overpopulation, the very survival of other primate species is threatened due to habitat loss and human predation. Nearly half of all primates are endangered species according to the World Conservation Union, and some experts predict that many of the world's primate species will go extinct within the next 10 to 20 years. Just what are we losing when we allow primates to go extinct? Our relatives! We humans are primates, and share 98.4 percent of our gene pool with chimpanzees! There are

22. Extinction Risk For 1 In 3 Primates, Study Says in any of the represented countries can lead to the rapid decline of any of the195 species threatened with extinction. . The Top 25 Most endangered primates http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/10/1008_021008_primates.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Extinction Risk for 1 in 3 Primates, Study Says National Geographic News October 8, 2002 One in every three of the world's apes, monkeys, lemurs, and other primates is now endangered with extinction, according to a report released this week by Conservation International (CI) and the Primate Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Primate species and sub-species classified as "critically endangered" and "endangered" jumped nearly two-thirds from 120 to 195 since the initial report was issued in January 2000. Asia now accounts for almost half of the world's most endangered primates, with 11 listed in the top 25, including six that are new additions. Africa (eight), central and South America (three), and Madagascar (three) are home to the other primates on the list. These include the Sumatran orangutan of Indonesia, the mountain gorilla of Africa, and northern muriqui of Brazil. The Natuna banded leaf monkey, (

23. Giant Catfish Critically Endangered, Group Says now includes 12,259 species threatened with extinction into the Critically endangered,endangered, or Vulnerable catfish, three Neotropical primates, and six http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/11/1118_031118_giantcatfish.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story Home E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Make the New Year a Smart Year Save 43 percent on National Geographic BONUS: Order online, get FREE collector's edition Giant Catfish Critically Endangered, Group Says Ryan Mitchell and David Braun National Geographic News November 18, 2003 View the Mekong Giant Catfish Photo Gallery: Go>> The Mekong River's giant catfish ( Pangasianodon Gigas ) is on the path to extinction. Today's release of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) updated 2003 Red List of Threatened Species shows that the flagship species of the storied river in Southeast Asia is classified as Critically Endangered, its numbers further reduced from its classification as Endangered in the previous IUCN Red List. The Switzerland-based organization's members from 140 countries include some 70 states, 100 government agencies, and 750 NGOs. P. gigas Read the full Photograph courtesy Zeb Hogan Zeb Hogan of the University of California, Davis, has received two grants from the National Geographic Society's Conservation Trust for a project to research and conserve Mekong giant fish in Cambodia. The critically endangered Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas

24. MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT UPON THE RESCUE OF ENDANGERED PRIMATES OF THE SOCIALIST established to maintain small captive populations of endangered primates whose wild studiesof remaining wild populations and their threatened tropical forest http://www.novexcn.com/viet_rescu_endang_primates.html

English Commentary MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT UPON THE RESCUE OF ENDANGERED PRIMATES OF THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM (Promulgated by the Ministry of Forestry on March 23, 1993) SUBJECT: ENDAGERED SPECIES; FORRESTRY ISSUING-DEPT: MINISTRY OF FORRESTRY OF VIETNAM ISSUE-DATE: IMPLEMENT-DATE: LENGTH: 1184 words TEXT: Background and Justification It is important that a special facility be established to maintain small captive populations of endangered primates whose wild populations are no longer viable, or for those animals that are confiscated from the illegal trade, and provision should be made for long-term field studies of remaining wild populations and their threatened tropical forest habitats. With the assistance of the international zoological and conservation communities. it is also important that captive breeding programs for several of these primate taxa be developed as soon as possible as an insurance against the possible extinction of wild populations. Objectives It is recognised that: a. increased protection for and a better scientific understanding of wild primate populations and tropical forests in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is of the highest priority;

25. The Atlas Of Endangered Species - Earthscan Environmental Books IV endangered Animals and Plants primates Big cats Part V endangered Birds Birds Birdsof prey Tables Protected ecosystems and biodiversity threatened species. http://www.earthscan.co.uk/asp/bookdetails.asp?key=3601

26. Galago endangered AND threatened primates from the International Union for Conservationof Nature and Natural Resources, Cambridge, UK 1994 Red List of threatened http://www.snowcrest.net/goehring/a2/primates/galago.htm

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Galago is the general name for the family Galagonidae which consists of eleven species in four genera; Euoticus, Galago, Galagoides and Otolemur. Best known is genus Galago, which has five species, G. alleni, G. gallarum, G. matschiei, G. moholi and G. senegalensis. Type species of the genus is G. senegalensis. COMMON NAMES: As a group: galagos, bushbabies, night apes. Some of the more common species; Galago senegalensis: Senegalese or lesser bushbaby. Galagoides demidovii: Demidoff's dwarf galago. Otolemur crassicaudatus: thick-tailed bushbaby. Euoticus elegantulus: western needle-clawed bushbaby. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTORS: Galagos range from Galagoides demidovii's 12 - 16 cm body plus 18 - 20 cm tail to the Otolemur crassicaudatus' 30 -37 cm body plus 42 - 47 cm tail. The most common is Galago senegalensis with a 20 cm body and a 25 cm tail, weight 500 g. Dental formula for Galagonidae is i 2/2, c1/1, pm 3/3, m 3/3 x 2 = 36. Fur is soft, dense and woolly, coloration ranging from silver gray to brown. They have very large eyes typical of nocturnal animals. Genus Galago have large ears with four transverse ridges and can be independently or simultaneously bent back and wrinkled downward from the tips. This frequent furling and unfurling produces a quizzical expression characteristic of the genus. GEOGRAPHY: Range varies with species but includes most of the forested and bush regions of Africa south of the Sahara including some of the nearby islands such as Zanzibar. Their range does not extend to Madagascar.

27. ENDANGERED AND THREATENED PRIMATES [Source 1994 IUCN Red List Of endangered AND threatened primates Source 1994 IUCN Red List of threatenedAnimals. International Union for Conservation of Nature http://staff.washington.edu/timk/cyto/text/iucn_redlist.txt

ENDANGERED AND THREATENED PRIMATES [Source: 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Cambridge, U.K.] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals includes lists of those species and subspecies known or suspected to be threatened with extinction, and those known or believed to have become extinct in the wild. The Red List complements the IUCN and IUCN/ICBP Red Data Books and the IUCN-SSC Action Plans, which contain more detailed information; it is published periodically, usually at two-year intervals. The Red List is compiled and maintained for IUCN by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) with the advice of the IUCN-SSC Specialist Groups and the assistance, with regard to birds, of BirdLife International (formerly ICBP). IUCN THREATENED SPECIES CATEGORIES EXTINCT (Ex) Species not definitely located in the wild during the past 50 years (criterion as used by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). N.B. On a few occasions, the category Ex? has been assigned; this denotes that it is virtually certain that the taxon has recently become extinct. ENDANGERED (E) Taxa in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate danger of extinction. Also included are taxa that may be extinct but have definitely been seen in the wild in the past 50 years. VULNERABLE (V) Taxa believed likely to move into the 'Endangered' category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa of which most or all the populations are decreasing because of over-exploitation, extensive destruction of habitat or other environmental disturbance; taxa with populations that have been seriously depleted and whose ultimate security has not yet been assured; and taxa with populations that are still abundant but are under threat from severe adverse factors throughout their range. N.B. In practice, 'Endangered' and 'Vulnerable' categories may include, temporarily, taxa whose populations are beginning to recover as a result of remedial action, but whose recovery is insufficient to justify their transfer to another category. RARE (R) Taxa with small world populations that are not at present 'Endangered' or 'Vulnerable', but are at risk. These taxa are usually localised within restricted geographical areas or habitats or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range. INDETERMINATE (I) Taxa known to be 'Endangered', 'Vulnerable' or 'Rare' but where there is not enough information to say which of the three categories is appropriate. INSUFFICIENTLY KNOWN (K) Taxa that are suspected but not definitely known to belong to any of the above categories, because of lack of information. THREATENED (T) Threatened is a general term to denote species which are 'Endangered', 'Vulnerable', 'Rare', the U.S. Office of Endangered Species. In previous volumes it is has been used to identify taxa comprised of several sub-taxa which have differing status categories. COMMERCIALLY THREATENED (CT) Taxa not currently threatened with extinction, but most or all of whose populations are threatened as a sustainable commercial resource, or will become so, unless their exploitation is regulated. This category applies only to taxa whose populations are assumed to be relatively large. N.B. In practice, this category has only been used for marine species of commercial importance that are being overfished in several parts of their ranges. Order PRIMATES Family LEMURIDAE E Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis Alaotran Gentle Lemur Madagascar K Hapalemur griseus griseus Grey Gentle Lemur Madagascar V Hapalemur griseus occidenfalis Western Gentle Lemur MadaRascar R Eulemurfulvus albifrons White-fronted Lemur Madagascar V Eulemurfulvus albocollaris White-collared Lemur Madagascar V Eulemur fulvus collaris Collared Lemur Madagascar R Eulemur fulvus fulvus Brown Lemur Madagascar V Eulemur fulvus mayottensis Mayotte Lemur Mayotte R Eulemur fulvus rufus (E. macaco rufus) Red-fronted Lemur Madagascar V Eulemur fulvus sanfordi (E. macaco sanfordi) Sanford's Lemur Madagascar E Eulemur macaco flavifrons Sclater's Lemur Madagascar V Eulemur macaco macaco Black Lemur Madagascar Family CALLITRICHIDAE E Callithrix argentata leucippe Golden-white Bare-ear Marmoset Brazil E Saguinus bicolor bicolor Pied Tamarin Brazil V Saguinus fuscicollis leucogenys Andean Saddle-back Tamarin Peru V Saguinus imperator imperator Black-chinned Emperor Tamarin Bolivia; Brazil; Peru Family CEBIDAE E Alouatta fusca fusca Northern Brown Howling Monkey Brazil E Aloutta belzebul ululata Red-handed Howling Monkey Brazil E Aloutta palliata aequatorialis South Pacific Blackish Howling Monkey Colombia; Ecuador; Panama?; Peru V Aotos lemurinus griseimembra Night Monkey Colombia E Ateles belzebuth hybridus Hybrid Spider Monkey Colombia; Venezuela E Ateles belzebuth marginatus White-whiskered Spider Monkey Brazil V Callicebus cupreus ornatus Ornate Titi Colombia E Callicebus personatus barbarabrownae Northern Bahian Blond Titi Brazil E Callicebus personatus melanochir Southern Bahian Masked Titi Brazil E Callicebus personatus nigrifrons Black-fronted Titi Brazil E Callicebus personatus personatus Northern Masked Titi Brazil V Callicebus torquatus lucifer Widow Monkey Brazil; Colombia; Peru V Cebus albifrons cuscinus White-fronted Capuchin Bolivia?. Peru V Cebus albifrons yuracus Andean White-fronted Capuchin Ecuador, Peru V Cebus apella robustus Robust Tufted Capuchin Brazil E Cebus apella xanthosternos Yellow-breasted Capuchin Monkey Brazil E Chiropotes satanas satanas Black Saki Brazil V Chiropotes satanas utahicki Uta Hick's Bearded Saki Brazil E Lagothrix lagotricha lugens Colombian Woolly Monkey Colombia Family CERCOPITHEClDAE K Cercocebus albigena aterrimus (C. aterrimus) Black Mangabey Angola; Zaire E Cercocebus galeritus galeritus Tana River Mangabey Kenya; Tanzania E Cercocebus galeritus 'sanjei' Sanje Mangabey Tanzania V Cercocebus torquatus torquatus Collared Mangabey Cameroon; Congo; Cote d'Ivoire; Equatorial Guinea: Rio Muni; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Liberia; Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone E Cercopithecus diana roloway Roloway Guenon Cote d'Ivoire; Ghana; To~o V Macaca ochreata brunnescens (M. brunnescens) Muna-Butung Macaque Indonesia: Butung. Muna E Macaca fuscata yakui Yakushima Macaque Japan E Macaca nemestrina pagensis (M. pagensis) Mentawai Macaque Indonesia: Mentawai Islands, Siberut, Sipora. North and South Pagai Islands V Macaca tonkeana hecki (M. Ilecki) Heck's Macaque Indonesia: Sulawesi K Papio hamadryas papio (P. papio) Guinea Baboon Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau?; Liberia?; Mali; Mauritania; Senegal; Sierra Leone R Procolobus badius temminckii (Procolobus temrninckii) (Procolobus badius has been included in the genus Colobus) Temminck's Red Colobus Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; SenePal E Procolobus badius waldroni Miss Waldron's Bay Colobus Cote d'Ivoire; Ghana E Procolobus badius pennantii (P. pennantii) Eastern Red Colobus Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po E Procolobus badius bouvieri (P. pennantii bouvieri) Bouvier's Red Colobus Congo K Procolobus badius elliot (P. rufomitratus ellioti) Elliot's Red Colobus Uganda (ex?); Zaire K Procolobus badius foai (P. rufomitratusfoai, P. pennantiifoai) Foa Red Colobus Zaire E Procolobus badius gordonorum (P gordonorum, P. pennantii gordonorum) Uhehe Red Colobus Tanzania E Procolobus badius kirkii (Procolobus kirkii, P. pennantii kirkii) Zanzibar Red Colobus Tanzania: Zanzibar Tanzania: [Pemba Island] K Procolobus badius oustaleti (P. rufomitratus oustaleti, P. pennantii oustaleti)E Oustalet's Red Colobus Central African Republic; Sudan?; Zaire V Procolobus badius tephrosceles (P. rufomitratus tephrosceles, P. pennantii tephrosceles) Uganda Red Colobus Burundi; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda K Procolobus badius tholloni (P. rufomitratus tholloni, P. pennantii tholloni) Thollon's Red Colobus Zaire E Procolobus badius preussi (P. preussi, P. pennanti preussi) Preuss's Colobus Cameroon; Nigeria (ex?) V Procolobus badius rufomitratus (P. rufomitratus, P. rufomitratus rufomitratus) Tana River Colobus Kenya E Pygathrix roxellana bieti (Pygathrix bieti, sometimes included in Rhinopithecus) Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey China Family HOMINIDAE E Gorilla gorilla beringei Mountain Gorilla Burundi (ex?); Rwanda; Uganda; Zaire: Virunga Volcano region E Pan troglodytes verus West African Chimpanzee Coet d'Ivoire; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau (ex?); Liberia; Mali; Senegal; Sierra Leone [Gambia]

28. Primate Cytogenetics Network IUCN Redlist endangered and threatened primates; Living Species of primates;1996 IUCN Redlist of threatened Animals - Searchable database. http://staff.washington.edu/timk/cyto/

The Primate Cytogenetics Network serves as a resource for the collection and distribution of cytogenetic information on the World Wide Web. The primary objective of the Primate Cytogenetics Network is to collect and distribute digital karyotypes, ideograms, and primate images to assist scientists in comparative cytogenetic studies. Diploid Numbers, Karyotypes, and Ideograms Human Cytogenetics This section currently includes high quality G-banded karyotypes and ideograms. Hypertext links to other genetics Web sites have also been added to the Human Cytogenetics page. View the Human Cytogenetics web page It is often difficult to find a comprehensive description of the materials and methods used for cytogenetic study due to the page limitations of journals. Most authors reference other publications to make their descriptions brief, but often their own modifications to old techniques are not included in the text. I have therefore included examples and detailed descriptions of the following techniques: Chromosome Banding Techniques Cytogenetics References Database A comprehensive literature search on primate cytogenetics was conducted through the Primate Information Center at the University of Washington. New references from 1992 to 1998 were updated on 4 January 1999.

29. Macaca Fascicularis Status .. CITES Appendix I; US ESA - endangered; IUCN - Lower risknear threatened. Loridae Total number of primates listed 31. http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/primates.html

30. Other Services Research Center Duke University Primate Center North Carolina Ethogramsinventoriesof primate behavioral patterns endangered and threatened primates HUMBIOL http://public.srce.hr/botanic/cisb/Edoc/fauna/sisavci/sisdrugi.htm

Other services Mammalia African Small Mammal Newsletter Assessment of body condition and dietary history in wild mammals OU research project Bishop Museum Vertebrate Zoology Collection types database CAUZ Members with an Interest in Mammals list arranged by taxonomic interest groupings Census of Australian Vertebrate Species (CAVS) mammal list Class Mammalia UMMZ Animal Diversity Web Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals, Bonn species list Cornell mammalogy page Danish Zoological Museum Mammal Section Endangered Mammal Research at JCU James Cook University of North Queensland Endangered species found on units of National Wildlife Refuge System US Fish Wildl Service Facts on File Book Catalogue browse mammals section via Inforonics Server Faunmap Illinois State Museum database on late Quaternery distribution of mammals in US FAUNMAP-L Faunmap discussion list Florida Museum of Natural History Mammalogy Department Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska, incl Large Animal Research Station Ivory identification scheme US National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory Journey North global study of wildlife migration - incl mammals KUNHM Division of Mammals Kansas University Natural History Museum Mammal exhibits at UC Museum of Paleontology Berkeley Mammal Society UK Mammal Species of the World MAMMAL-L discussion group digest Mammalogists on e-mail American Society of Mammalogists Mammals of Southwestern North Dakota Mammals of Washington Slater Museum of Natural History

31. CITES Appendices - Primates Trade in endangered Species CITES primates. As of 02/04/1977, all nonhuman primateswere listed as CITES Appendix II (vulnerable to being threatened with http://www.aesop-project.org/Primate_Trade/CITES_Convention_Text.htm

document.write(""+doClock("D1","%20","M1","%20","Y0")+""); Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species [CITES]- Primates As of 02/04/1977, all nonhuman primates were listed as CITES Appendix II (vulnerable to being threatened with extinction) with the exception of six species which were listed as Appendix II earlier*; and species listed as CITES Appendix I (threatened with extinction). Click here for a listing (alphabetical by scientific names or common names) of species listed by CITES as Appendix I. *As of 07/01/1975, the following species were listed as CITES Appendix II: Barbary ape (M. sylvanus); Nilgiri langur (T. johnii); Olive colobus (P. verus); Slender loris (Loris tardigradus); Uhehe red colobus (Procolobus badius gordonorum), and White-throated capuchin (Cebus capucinus). REGULATION OF TRADE IN APPENDIX I AND II SPECIES Excerpt from Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Signed at Washington, D.C., on 3 March 1973

32. PRIMATES CITES Appendix I; US ESA - endangered; IUCN - Lower risk CITES - Appendix II;IUCN - Lower risk near threatened as T Total number of primates listed 32. http://www.nature-conservation.or.id/primates.html

Cercopithecidae - Cercopithecinae Macaca fascicularis Author.......... : Raffles, 1821 ( Simia fascicularis Synonym......... M. carbonarius M. fuscus M. irus M. mordax M. phaeura M. pumilus M. resima Pithecus agnatus P. alacer P. baweanus P. bintangensis P. carimatae P. cupidus P. impudens P. karimoni P. lapsus P. lautensis P. lingae P. lingungensis P. mandibularis P. mansalaris P. sirhassenensis Semnopithecus kra Common Name..... : Crab-eating, Long-tailed or Java macaque. Vernacular Name. : Kera; Monyet ekor panjang. Distribution.... : Sumatra, Kalimantan, Panaitan, Java, Barung, Bawean, Kangean Islands, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor, Sumba, Timor; islands off Sumatra and Borneo, except Mentawai Islands. Ecology......... : Forest edges and plantations; diurnal. Status.......... : CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Lower risk: near threatened as M. f. fascicularis ; IUCN - Data deficient as M. f. fusca M. f. karimondjawae M. f. lasiae and M. f. tua

33. World Animal Foundation educate their workers about the importance of protecting primates and other urge Cameroonto prohibit the hunting of endangered and threatened wildlife for http://worldanimalfoundation.homestead.com/WAFBushmeat.html

Javascript is either disabled or not supported by this browser. This page may not appear properly. Help Save Wildlife, Adopt a Wild Animal Today! Click Here! Planet Preservation Wildlife Preservation Compassionate ... Join Now for FREE! Africa's Bushmeat Trade Virtually half of all primate species are threatened with extinction. Although humans are the only primates not dwindling in numbers, our actions, particularly our destruction of habitat, pose the major threat to all other primates, such as chimpanzees and gorillas. In some areas, however, unregulated hunting of primates for commercial use poses an even greater threat than does habitat destruction. Bushmeat, or wild-animal meat, has been part of the traditional diet of many forest-dwelling African people. As Africa has become urbanized, however, bushmeat has become a valuable commodity. Commercial bushmeat hunters, who use shotguns and snares that can kill many more animals in much less time than the traditional spears and nets, are bringing the lucrative bushmeat to growing markets in villages and cities. These hunters also benefit from logging operations in the region. Cameroon, the Congos, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast

34. Orangutans Online lemurs and other primates are now threatened with extinction The report notes thatprimate species and subspecies classified as endangered or critically http://www.orangutansonline.com/articles/article124.htm

One in three of the world's primates threatened with extinction Environmental News Service 8/10/02 WASHINGTON, DC, October 8, 2002 (ENS) - One in every three of the world's apes, monkeys, lemurs and other primates are now threatened with extinction, warns a new report by international conservation groups. The report notes that primate species and subspecies classified as endangered or critically endangered has jumped by almost 63 percent - from 120 to 195 - since the last version of the report was issued in January 2000. "The World's Top 25 Most Endangered Primates-2002," complied by Conservation International (CI) and the Primate Specialist Group of IUCN-The World Conservation Union, was finalized during a recent gathering of the International Primatological Society, at its 19th Congress in Beijing, China. Asia now accounts for almost 45 percent of the world's most endangered primates, the report shows, with 11 listed in the top 25, including six that are new additions. Africa has eight primates on the list, the Neotropics hosts three endangered primates, and Madagascar is home to the final three primates represented on the list. "The latest information made available at the International Primatological Society Congress in Beijing highlighted the fact that Asia has now become the world leader in endangered primates," said Conservation International president Russ Mittermeier.

35. Biology 130: Biodiversity, July 1 species, 5,611 plant species a. 24% of mammal species threatened (169 Criticallyendangered, 315 endangered, 612 Vulnerable) (primates 19 CE, 46 E, 51 V) b. 12 http://web.bio.utk.edu/guffey/sg13002/Lectures/July1.html

Lecture Outlines Syllabus Biodiversity Home Download in MS word Biology 130, July 1: Decline Text : pp. 656-667, pp. 1145-1153, Chapter 55 (pp. 1154-1175) Learning Objectives 1. Primate taxonomy 2. Human evolution 3. Homo sapiens sapiens 4. Biodiversity 5. Extinction 6. Fossil fuel based civilization and global environments Lecture Outline I. Primates 1. Lemurs and Lorises (Prosimians) 2. Tarsiers and Anthropoids (Primates) a. Tarsiers b. Anthropoids New world monkeys . Old world monkeys and apes a. Monkeys b. Apes (and humans) II. Homo sapiens sapiens (modern humans) 1. Human beings are one species. 2. Since about 40,000 years ago, human evolution has been almost entirely cultural. 4. Human life, all that we do, is a consequence of both our biological and our cultural legacies. 5. There are a lot of us! We estimate that the global human population 10,000 years ago was about 5 million. (Today there are more than 10 cities with >5 million). We reached 1 billion about 1830. 2 billion about 1930.

36. One In Three Primates Face Extinction Union, shows that one in three primates are threatened with extinction. The report,‘The World’s top 25 Most endangered primates – 2002’ highlights a http://www.talkwildlife.citymax.com/page/page/229673.htm

Home News Interview In Focus ... Links One in three primates face extinction A report released this month by Conservation International and the Primate Specialist Group of IUCN – The World Conservation Union, shows that one in three primates are threatened with extinction. The report, ‘The World’s top 25 Most Endangered Primates – 2002’ highlights a shift in the numbers of primate species and sub-species classified as “Critically Endangered” and “Endangered” from 120 in the year 2000 to 195. A geographical breakdown of the distribution of these species has Asia topping the table with 45% of the world’s most endangered primates, 11 of these are listed in the top 25. The remainder of the top 25 are found in Africa (8), Madagascar (3) and the Neotropics (3). Some of the species to be included in the list are the mountain gorilla from Africa, Sumatran orangutan of Indonesia and the Delacour’s langur and grey-shanked douc from Vietnam. “The latest information made available at the International Primatological Society Conference in Beijing highlighted the fact that Asia has now become the world leader in endangered primates,” said Conservation International President, Russ Mittermeier. “Of particular concern is the situation in Vietnam and China. Indeed, with several primates now numbering only in the dozens or low hundreds of individuals, Vietnam is at risk of undergoing a major primate extinction spasm within the next few years if rapid action is not taken. Fully 20% of the top 25 primates are located in Vietnam, with another 16% from China and 12% from Indonesia.”

37. WWF | Wildlife Trade | Primate Trade in the late 1980s, changing its listing under the US endangered Species Act from threatened to endangered. Today the vast majority of primates used in http://www.worldwildlife.org/trade/faqs_primate.cfm

Worldwildlife.org Join WWF Member Login Take Action ... Donate Now Search Aquaculture and Agriculture Climate Change Conservation Finance Educating Future Leaders ... Links User Name: Password: Login Help Not a member? Get access Wildlife Trade > FAQs Primate Trade How many kinds of primates are there? Why are they traded? Scientists recognize about 200 different species of nonhuman primates, most of which are distributed throughout the tropical rainforests of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The close biological relationship of nonhuman primates to human beings makes nonhuman primates desirable as models for biomedical research. Primates are also sought by zoological parks, and many are popular � though often illegal � pets in some parts of the world. Primates are also an important source of protein for people in certain countries, particularly in parts of Africa and the Amazon region of South America. Are primates endangered? Many primates are in danger of extinction. Ninety percent of all primates live in tropical rain forests around the world. It is estimated that hundreds of thousands of hectares of these forests are destroyed every year, shrinking the habitat available to primates and other rain forest species. The 2002 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals lists 118 primate species as threatened, compared to only 96 in their 1996 assessment. The chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) of west and central Africa, the mountain gorilla (

38. Biodiversity, Ecosystems, Natural Resources, Community-based Conservation, India Since the last assessment of globally threatened species in 1996, the numberof Critically endangered primates has increased from 13 to 19. http://www.teriin.org/biodiv/biodiv.htm

Highlights U.N. (FAO) Reaches Key Agreement to Save Crop Diversity TERI's initiatives Current research Globally, however, biodiversity is under siege. The 2000 IUCN (World Conservation Union) Red List of Threatened Species indicates that species extinction is on an increasing spiral. Since the last assessment of globally threatened species in 1996, the number of Critically Endangered primates has increased from 13 to 19. While the 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals, listed 169 Critically Endangered (CR) and 315 Endangered mammals, the 2000 analysis lists 180 CR and 340 Endangered mammals. Similarly, for birds there is an increase from 168 to 182 CR and from 235 to 321 Endangered species. As many as one in four of mammal species and one in eight bird species are threatened and the number of threatened animal species has increased from 5,201 to 5,435. Approximately, 25% of reptiles, 20% of amphibians and 30% of fishes (mainly freshwater) are listed as threatened. The number of Critically Endangered Reptiles has increased from 10 to 24 and Endangered from 28 to 47 species. Turtles and tortoises in particular are greatly threatened. The number of Critically Endangered species among freshwater turtles went from 10 in the 1996 IUCN assessment to 24 in the 2000 IUCN assessment, and this can be ascribed to unregulated harvests for food and medicines. Trends suggest that the trade in turtles after depleting populations in Southeast Asia is shifting to the Indian subcontinent and even to the Americas and Africa.

39. About Primates Over 40% of the 234 primate species are threatened with extinction. 13 of thesespecies are critically endangered which means they will disappear within the http://www.primate.org/about.htm

40. Links Sadly this maybe the first of many primates species we will never know we must dobetter for the other more then 100 threatened and endangered monkeys and http://www.primate.org/links.htm

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