121. PH@School: World History: Connections To Today: Survey: Chapter 1 Self-Test http://www.phschool.com/atschool/worldhistory/Survey/Student_Area/WH1_SC1_ST_ind

122. Arctic Prehistory Describes archeological research into Arctic Cultures, focus has largely been on Canadian Arctic research, but findings relate also to Alaska and Greenland cultures. http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/ArcticArchStuff/Prehistory.html

The Sequence of Cultures in the Arctic Archaeology in Arctic North America Introduction The Environment Doing Fieldwork Cultures Summary Paleoarctic Arctic Small Tool Norton ... Tungatsivvik site QkHn-12 site Introduction Study area The fieldwork The excavation ... Video clips During the last glaciation the westernmost part of this region formed the uplands of Beringia, the first part of the Americas occupied by humans. However, the earliest widely accepted sites, found in Alaska, are somewhat later and are assigned to the Paleo-Arctic tradition . This is succeeded by the Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) whose bearers also became the first humans to occupy the Canadian Arctic and Greenland, migrating into those regions from Alaska. The resulting widespread ASTt population developed differently in Alaska and in Arctic Canada/Greenland. In Alaska the Arctic Small Tool tradition developed into the Norton tradition while in the Eastern Arctic it eventually becomes the Dorset culture . The cultures of the Thule tradition developed from the Norton tradition in the area around Bering Strait and subsequently spread, in part through an extraordinary population movement, throughout the entire Arctic region except the Aleutian Islands. The widespread present day Inuit peoples are the direct cultural and biological descendants of the Thule.

123. Women And Gender In Ancient Egypt An online version of a Kelsey Museum exhibition mounted from March 14 through June 15, 1997, and curated by Terry G. Wilfong. http://www.umich.edu/~kelseydb/Exhibits/WomenandGender/title.html

This is an online version of a Kelsey Museum exhibition mounted from March 14 through June 15, 1997, and curated by Terry G. Wilfong. Directory Introduction Gender Ambiguity Gender and Religion Engendered Protection ... Gender in Archaeology Catalogue The full catalogue of Women and Gender in Ancient Egypt , by Terry G. Wilfong, includes a map and chronology of ancient Egypt, interpretive essays on each topic, and a complete inventory of items in the exhibition. The catalogue can be purchased for $12.00 with the Kelsey Museum publications order form

124. Prehistory Of Alaska Overview from the American National Park Service. Includes a bibliography of print resources on the topic. http://www.nps.gov/akso/akarc/

Prehistory of Alaska This page serves as the index page for a series of documents that provide an OVERVIEW of the prehistory of Alaska and for another set of documents that briefly describe the cultural resources (archaeology, history, ethnography) in each national park and preserve in the state. This website is currently under construction and all comments, suggestions, and questions are welcome. If, after perusing the website, you have further questions - please send email to the address below. The overview of Alaskan prehistory is divided into several units Early Prehistory discusses events prior to 4000BP Late Prehistory: discusses regional knowledge on a more local basis: Tundra and Arctic Alaska Southeast Alaska Southwest Alaska and Pacific Coast Interior Alaska There are 15 National Parks and Preserves in Alaska. Clicking on the park acronym will produce the general description of the cultural resources in each park. Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve - (ANIA) Bering Land Bridge National Preserve - (BELA) Cape Krusenstern National Monument - (CAKR) Denali National Park and Preserve - (DENA) Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve - (GAAR) Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve - (GLBA) Katmai National Park and Preserve - (KATM) Kenai Fjords National Park - (KEFJ) Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park - (KLGO) Kobuk Valley National Park - (KOVA) Lake Clark National Park and Preserve - (LACL) Noatak National Preserve - (NOAT) Sitka National Historical Park -

125. Texas Prehistory Article, with bibliography, on the study of prehistorical people and cultures in the state. http://www.rootsweb.com/~txcarson/prehistory.html

Texas Prehistory by Thomas R. Hester and Ellen Sue Turner Texas prehistory extends back at least 11,200 years and is witnessed by a variety of Indian cultural remains. The "historic" era began with the shipwreck of Pánfilo de Narváez's expedition and the subsequent account written by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca. Indian culture was not modified, as best we can tell, by Cabeza de Vaca or by the later seventeenth-century French and Spanish exploration. Indeed, the peoples the explorers found were not severely affected until the advent of the Spanish missions and the incursion of Apaches at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Broader views of the ancient past came from the excavations, many of them supervised by A. T. Jackson on behalf of Pearce, of the Work Projects Administration during the depression years of the 1930s. Again, however, techniques were poor in most cases and little interpretation was done. Early museum research was conducted by the Witte Museum at the Shumla Caves in the lower Pecos region in the early 1930s; in addition, the Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum was established in 1932 and carried out research in the Panhandle of Texas. The research of Alex D. Krieger at the University of Texas from 1939 to 1956 served to integrate some of the WPA work of the 1930s. His publications provided thorough site reports and syntheses of broad aspects of the archeological record. His research brought national attention to the prehistory of Texas. Krieger's influence culminated in the first major synthesis of Texas prehistory, published in 1954. Also of national interest in the 1940s and early 1950s was the work on "early man" in the New World (the Paleo-Indian period) by E. H. Sellards and Glen Evans of the Texas Memorial Museum. Great strides in learning the cultural history of ancient Texas came in the 1960s, when archeological teams carried out excavations in proposed reservoir basins along many Texas rivers. Notable among these was the work at Amistad Reservoir on the Rio Grande.

126. The Long Foreground Human Prehistory An interactive tutorial produced by the Learning Commons of Washington State University. http://www.wsu.edu/gened/learn-modules/top_longfor/lfopen-index.html

Welcome to the Long Foreground Student Module INDEX Click on a topic below to begin. You may review the topics in any order, but the sequence of topics suggested below will be easiest to follow on your first examination. There are three learning topics in the module: 1. Overview of Human Evolution 2. Hominid Species Timeline 3. Human Physical Characteristics In addition, there are these helpful sections: About the Module Links to Other Websites Students who are reviewing the module in order to prepare a written assignment will find directions under the topic: Assignment World Civilizations Home Gen Ed Home

127. Louisiana Prehistory: Paelo-Indian, Meso-Indian, And Neo-Indian History, tools, and weapons of the PaleoIndian, Meso-Indian, and Neo-Indian ancient tribes of the Louisiana area. http://www.crt.state.la.us/crt/ocd/arch/laprehis/paleo.htm

Twelve thousand years ago, the average temperature in the southeastern United States was five to 10 degrees cooler than it is now, and the climate was drier. The landscape was covered with oak and pine forests mixed with open grasslands. Some familiar animals such as rabbits and deer lived in the area, but many other animals that have become extinct in North America were also common then. Among them were the camel, giant armadillo, short-faced bear, long-horned bison, mastodon, tapir, ground sloth, saber-toothed tiger, mammoth, dire wolf, and horse (the horse was later reintroduced by the Spanish). Early Paleo-Indian Point The earliest Indians in Louisiana, called Paleo-Indians, hunted these animals using spears tipped with stone points. These lanceolate points were two to six inches long and had bases that were either straight or rounded inward. The Paleo-Indians in Louisiana made their points from carefully selected varieties of stone that appear to have come from neighboring regions in Texas and Arkansas. A stone point was fastened directly to a wooden shaft with hide, fiber, or an adhesive substance, or it was attached to a bone section that was connected to the spear shaft.

128. Jennifer Elizabeth Perry Curriculum vita of this University of California Ph.D. candidate. Research interests include huntergatherer archaeology and Channel Islands (California) prehistory. http://www.uweb.ucsb.edu/~jep0/cirriculum_vitae.htm

HOME Jennifer Elizabeth Perry Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93016, (805) 893-2516 PROFESSIONAL INTERESTS Hunter-gatherer archaeology, Channel Islands prehistory, human-environment interactions, settlement and subsistence strategies, socioeconomic complexity, ideology and religion EDUCATION September 1998-Present Ph.D. candidate, Anthropology - Archaeology emphasis, University of California, Santa Barbara. Dissertation: Settlement and Subsistence Strategies among Complex Hunter-Gatherers on Eastern Santa Cruz Island, California . Expected completion date: June 2003 (Advanced to candidacy in September 2000) September 1996-June 1998 Masters of Arts, Anthropology - Archaeology emphasis, University of California, Santa Barbara. Master's thesis: Subsistence Patterns in Middle and Late Period Deposits at CA-SBA-225, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. September 1990-June 1994 Bachelor of Arts, Anthropology and Hispanic Studies, University of San Diego, California. Summa cum laude , Departmental Honors.

129. A105 Human Origins And Prehistory: Fall Semester 2002 Class page to go along with Indiana University's anthropology class, A105. Lectures cover the human place among the pages, evolution theories, genetics and current research. Related resource links are included. http://www.indiana.edu/~origins/teach/A105.html

Anthropology A105 : Human Origins and Prehistory Prof. Jeanne Sept Anthropology Dept., Student Bldg 038 Lectures Chemistry 122, Monday-Wednesday 2:30-3:20 Office Hours: Wednesday 4-5:30 pm, or by appointment sept@indiana.edu What made us human? The story of our past can be found in clues from a wide range of sources everything from details of DNA to evocative murals in Ice Age caves. This is why the scientific quest for human origins requires the curiosity of a philosopher coupled with the skills of a skeptical detective. This course will introduce you to the study of human evolution a branch of anthropology which seeks to understand human uniqueness by studying the human past using scientific methods. We can learn alot about ourselves by studying the behavior of living primates, like chimpanzees. And we can look at fossils and archaeological sites for the evidence that reveals when and where humans first began to behave like "odd animals:" to walk upright, eat and cook unusual foods, invent tools and art, speak languages, and enjoy the wide range of social and cultural practices that we consider so "human" today. Syllabus Reading Schedule Lectures Assignments ... Honor's Project Last updated: 31 August 2003 URL: http://www.indiana.edu/~origins/teach/A105.html

130. Scotland & Pre History Maciandubh gives photographs and commentary on standing stones/monoliths, cairns, brochs and the ancient houses of Skarabrae. http://www.geocities.com/maciandubh/scotlandprehistory.html

INDEX INTRODUCTION STONES/MONOLITH'S DWELLING'S CAIRN'S ... LINKS

131. ART HISTORY RESOURCES: Part 1 Prehistoric Art A directory of Prehistoric art divided by time period. http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHprehistoric.html

Part 1 Prehistoric Art Last modified: June 7, 2004 THIS PAGE Prehistoric Art: General Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic ... Rock Art: General SITE INDEX Contents Page PREHISTORIC ART Ancient Near East Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece Ancient Rome ... Research Resources These pages are maintained by Chris Witcombe , Professor of Art History at Sweet Briar College , Virginia 24595 USA (phone: 434-381-6194 / fax: 434-381-6173). If you have any comments, or suggestions for additional links, or know of other interesting sites, please let me know: witcombe@sbc.edu Online since October 24, 1995 Looking for an artist? Recommended site PREHISTORIC ART: General Top of Page Stone Age Art (through ArtLex European Prehistoric Cultures (part of Before History: Prehistoric Artifacts in the Logan Museum of Anthropology , Beloit College) Lower Paleolithic (450,000 - 100,000 years ago) Middle Paleolithic (100,000 to 40,000 years ago) Upper Paleolithic (40,000 years ago to 9,500 BCE) Mesolithic France (9,500 to 9,000 BCE) Neolithic Europe (9,000 to 1,800 BCE) Timeline of Art History: 20,000 - 8000 B.C.

132. Electronic Passport To Prehistory Brief history of early man's culture and development. http://www.mrdowling.com/602prehistory.html

HOME TIME AND SPACE PREHISTORY MESOPOTAMIA ... Abraham Maslow A Long Time Ago History began when humans learned to read and write. The first writing we know of came from civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt about 5500 years ago. People lived for thousands of years before this, but little changed from generation to generation. People lived as nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent home. Men hunted animals and women gathered wild plants. When there were no more animals to hunt or plants to gather, they moved to a new place. Society developed when people began to do individual jobs. This is called the "division of labor." When people do only one job, they usually choose a job they enjoy and do well. Further, when you do the same job over and over, you learn to do it very well. The division of labor caused people to depend on one another and eventually led to advanced civilizations. Eventually, people learned how to write. Writing allowed people to pass their knowledge onto others. Sir Isaac Newton once said, "If I

133. SandC_26_3.html Abstract of an article by Christophe Sand in the Journal of Field Archaeology reporting that new excavations have led to a precise understanding of the stratigraphy, and a large set of new 14C dates have firmly established Lapita chronology. http://jfa-www.bu.edu/Abstracts/S/SandC_26_3.html

Abstract Christophe Sand The Beginning of Southern Melanesian Prehistory: The St Maurice-Vatcha Lapita Site, New Caledonia Journal of Field Archaeology Main Author Listing List of Indices JFA Home Page Maintained by Al B. Wesolowsky abw@bu.edu http://www.bu.edu/jfa Journal of Field Archaeology Last modified: Fri Jul 19 16:07:24 EDT 2002

134. SAAweb - Publications A quarterly journal on archaeology, prehistory, and ethnohistory in Mesoamerica, Central America, and South America, and culturally related areas, published by the Society of American Archeology. Abstracts online. http://www.saa.org/Publications/LatAmAnt/latamant.html

What's New? About SAA Careers, Opportunities, Education ... SAA Marketplace Publications Links American Antiquity Archaeology and Public Education Current Research Editorial Offices (PDF) E-tiquity JSTOR Latin American Antiquity Oaxaca as a Case Study publications The SAA Archaeological Record SAA Bulletin Style Guide Latin American Antiquity Latin American Antiquity is one of the principal journals of the Society for American Archaeology. The journal is a benefit of membership in the SAA. This section includes tables of contents and covers for all issues beginning in 1990 (Volume 1, No. 1). You can also order back issues through the SAA Marketplace , visit the Latin American Antiquity editorial office , and view back issues (1990-1998) on-line through JSTOR. Number 1, March Number 4, December Number 3, September Number 2, June ... Number 1, March Cumulative Index (485K PDF file) Number 4, December Number 3, September Number 2, June Number 1, March ... Number 1, March Contact the Editorial Staff of Latin American Antiquity publications@saa.org

135. The Prehistory Of Sri Lanka: Radiocarbon Chronology Of Anuradhapura - Introducti A comparison of historical and archaeological data. http://www.the-prehistory-of-sri-lanka.de/rc_introduction.htm

Search INTRODUCTION Anuradhapura , located at the centre of the North-Central Province of Sri Lanka (Fig. 1), (Dipavamsa; Mahavamsa) deriving from earlier histories, complemented by numerous epigraphs (Paranavitana 1970). However, it was deemed necessary to test these historical hypotheses against firm archaeological evidence and the 'citadel' of Anuradhapura was selected for sampling (Deraniyagala 1972; 1990a: 207-11). From 1985 to 1989 the stress was on securing an adequate radiocarbon chronology for this 100-ha site. Thirteen evaluation excavations, measuring c. 10 sq.m each, were sent down to bed-rock at c. 10 m below the surface (Fig. 2). Typically c. 50 cm of a red basal ferruginous gravel with Stone Age artefacts overlay decaying bed-rock. This was overlain unconformably by c. 50 cm of chocolate-brown alluvial clay which had been subjected to (what appears to be agricultural) disturbance during the protohistoric Iron Age. Overlying this 'ploughed' clay occurs 1-2 m of a grey clayey sand comprising numerous habitation deposits, wattle and daub structural debris and levelling fills (Figs. 3-4). The cultural contents of this macro-context comprise, notably, protohistoric Iron Age ceramics, faunal remains, beads and metal objects in the lower levels. The upper contexts contain Lower Early Historic material (for periodization see id The above-mentioned grey clayey sand is succeeded by yellowish sandy silt deposits

136. INTERNATIONAL INSULAR INVESTIGATIONS INTERNATIONAL INSULAR INVESTIGATIONS. ISLANDS IN prehistory.SEPTEMBER 1318th 2001 CONFERENCE. NEW - Updated January 2003. http://www.briegull.com/waldren/conf.html

INTERNATIONAL INSULAR INVESTIGATIONS ISLANDS IN PREHISTORY SEPTEMBER 13-18th 2001 CONFERENCE NEW - Updated January 2003 Read about the Publication of Papers from the ISLANDS IN PREHISTORY CONFERENCE 2001 email: damarc@redestb.es or william.waldren@prm.ox.ac.uk Deia de Mallorca Balearic Islands Spain Deia Coastline Balearic Prehistoric Archaeology

137. Graves, Michael Brief profile of this University of Hawaii Professor. Research interests include the prehistory of Polynesia, Micronesia, Insular Southeast Asia, and the American Southwest. http://www2.soc.hawaii.edu/css/anth/faculty/graves/graves.htm

138. Vitelli, Karen D. Brief profile of this Indiana University Professor. Research interests include Aegean prehistory and archaeological ethics. http://www.indiana.edu/~anthro/faculty/vitelli.html

139. Dr. Karen D. Lupo Brief profile of this Washington State University Assistant Professor. Research interests include the prehistory of the Great Basin and SubSaharan Africa. http://libarts.wsu.edu/anthro/Faculty/lupo.htm

Washington State University Home Dr. Karen D. Lupo, Archaeologist klupo@mail.wsu.edu Representative Publications (with Dave Schmitt) Upper Paleolithic net-Hunting, small prey acquisition and women's work effort. Invited contribution for special issue of the Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory (with James F. O'Connell) Cut and tooth mark distributions on large animal bones: ethnoarchaeological data from Hadza and their implications for current Ideas about early human carnivory. Journal of Archaeological Science On the archaeological resolution of body part transport patterns: an ethnoarchaeological example from East African hunter-gatherers. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology Experimentally Derived Extraction Rates for Marrow: Implications for Body Part Exploitation Strategies of Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Scavengers. Journal of Archaeological Science (with Dave N. Schmitt) Experiments in Bone Boiling: Nutritional Returns and Archaeological Reflections.

140. Home Page A site about the unknown Greek civilization including the Greek Pyramids, the wonders of ancient technology, the newest clues of prehistory. http://www.ancientgr.com/

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