81. PostScript, The Forgotten Art Of Programming Issue 42 postscript, The Forgotten Art of programming Posted on Wednesday postscript, The Forgotten Art of programming Login/Create an Account 0 comments. http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2386

82. Dictionary Of Programming Languages An interesting thing about postscript is that most programmers who learn it don t do so because they want to write postscript programs, they do it because they http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/cep/cep.pl?_key=Postscript

83. PostScript :: Online Encyclopedia :: Information Genius The Language. postscript is a fullfledged programming language. Typically, postscript programs are not produced by humans, but by other programs. http://www.informationgenius.com/encyclopedia/p/po/postscript.html

Quantum Physics Pampered Chef Paintball Guns Cell Phone Reviews ... Science Articles PostScript Online Encyclopedia PostScript (PS) is a page description language used primarily in the electronic and desktop publishing areas. Table of contents 1 History 2 Usage in Printing 2.1 Traditional Printing 2.2 PostScript Printing ... 5 External links History The concepts of the PostScript language were seeded in 1976 when John Warnock was working at Evans and Sutherland , a famous computer graphics company. At that time John Gaffney was developing an interpreter for a large three-dimensonal graphics database of New York harbour. Gaffney conceived the Design System language to process the graphics, very similar to the Forth programming language In 1978 Evans and Sutherland asked Warnock to move from the San Francisco bay area to their main headquarters in Utah , but he was not interested in moving. He then joined Xerox PARC to work with Martin Newell. They rewrote Design System to create JaM (John and Martin) which was used for VLSI design and the investigation of type and graphics printing. This work later evolved into an expanded system known as Interpress After watching Xerox sit on Interpress, as they had with many of their other technologies, Warnock left with Chuck Geschke and founded

84. POSTSCRIPT: A Page Description Language (PDL) The fact that postscript is a true programming language, supports color, and supports resolution from 300 DPI to 2540 DPI on such diverse hardware platforms as http://www.smalltalkconsulting.com/papers/otherOlderPapers/postscriptArticle.htm

Oct 6th 1999. POSTSCRIPT: A Page Description Language By John M McIntosh What's all this fuss about POSTSCRIPT, and why does XXXX recommend purchasing those expensive POSTSCRIPT printers? Lets take a look. First a quick overview, then with a more detailed description. History. wars of 1986/87 to become the graphics standard on most, if not all laser printers. What is a PDL? Originally printers viewed text as text, and graphics as graphics. A page was created from a conglomeration of separate entities. You supplied raw text like, the word Hello , combined with Escape codes and possibly embedded graphic pictures, to create page images. Of course you could choose just to send raw text to a printer and usually expect to get some sort of printed output. On the other hand, a Page Description Language defines a true computer programming language which is specifically designed to create and modify both text and graphic images, with full equality on a page at any resolution and in any color or density! Instead of sending

85. What Is PostScript? postscript is a page description programming language. A number of programmers write postscript programs directly for a variety of drawing applications. http://www.postscript.org/FAQs/language/node2.html

Next: How can I tell Up: General Questions Previous: General Questions What is PostScript? PostScript is a page description programming language. It is perhaps the most versatile and loved language for printers, being used in printers world-wide. It is capable of drawing to computer screens and any kind of drawing device. PostScript is interpreted, stack based and has latent typing. It somewhat resembles the computer language FORTH. A number of programmers write PostScript programs directly for a variety of drawing applications. The NeXTSTEP Operating System, running on Intel-486 and Motorola machines, uses Display PostScript Level II to manage the display. However, PostScript programs are usually documents meant to be printed that have been generated by a program written in some compiled language. Allen B

86. PostScript Primer postscript primer. postscript is a programming language to describe graphics pages. postscript is a stack based language. Making a complete postscript program. http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/Teaching/Resources/COMS11401/postscript.html

Bristol CS Index PostScript primer PostScript is a programming language to describe graphics pages. PostScript is a stack based language. That means, that instead of writing an expression in the form you will write , meaning push 2 on a stack, push 3 on a stack, push 4 on a stack, add the top two numbers (3 and 4), and push the result back, multiply the top two numbers (2 and 12), and push the result back. Similarly, if you want to call a function, you do not write monkey(12, 13, 14) but 12 13 14 monkey Standard functions There is a rich set of built in functions to perform basic graphics operations. They are slightly cumbersome at first sight, but very powerful once you are trying to do advanced features. The most important 4 functions are: x y moveto x y lineto x y rmoveto x y rlineto The first sets the current point to (x,y) . The second function will create a line between the current point and (x,y) . The third function moves the current point by a distance (x,y) . The fourth function will create a line between the current point and the current point moved to (x,y)

87. Björn Samuelsson - Postscript Programs Up , postscript Programs Did you know that postscript is a powerful programming language? Only a few lines are sufficient to generate fascinating images. http://www.thep.lu.se/~bjorn/postscript/

Up Postscript Programs Did you know that Postscript is a powerful programming language? Only a few lines are sufficient to generate fascinating images. The Sierpinski Gasket sierpinski.ps Penrose Tiling penrose.ps IFS Fractal Generator Iterated Function System fractals are generated by a set of affine transformations. An affine transformation is a linear transformation together with a translation. One way to draw such fractals is the following: Start at any point. Pick a random transformation in the set and apply it to the point. This defines a new point. Repeat the same procedure with the new point and so on. Draw all points after a few steps needed for convergence. This fractal generator uses another technique. First it approximates the convex hull of the fractal. Then it applies all transformations in the set recursively. At the deepest recursions, the convex hull approximation is transformed and drawn. The whole fractal generator is encapsulated in one function which calls save and restore in order to not interfere with other code. This is important if you want to use my fractal generator in your own Postscript applications. The Fractal Generator Calling It - an Example %the Sierpinski triangle 50 50 545 792 %bounding box for the fractal [ %IFS-transformations [0.5 0.5 0.866 -0.5] [0.5 0.5 0.0 1.0] [0.5 0.5 -0.866 -0.5] ] 6 % = n. The complex hull is approximated with a 4n-gon. .002 %coarseness - the scale ratio of the smallest structures to the whole ifs %calls the fractal generator showpage

88. PostScript Tutorial Last updated December 1998. Introduction. postscript is a programming language that was designed to specify the layout of the printed page. http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/geomformats/postscript/

PostScript Tutorial Written by Paul Bourke Original November 1990. Last updated December 1998 Introduction Postscript is a programming language that was designed to specify the layout of the printed page. Postscript printers and postscript display software use an interpreter to convert the page description into the displayed graphics. The following information is designed as a first tutorial to the postscript language. It will concentrate on how to use postscript to generate graphics rather than explore it as a programming language. By the end you should feel confident about writing simple postscript programs for drawing graphics and text. Further information and a complete specification of the language can be obtained from The Postscript Language Reference Manual from Adobe Systems Inc, published by Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachuchusetts, 1985. Why learn postscript, after all, many programs can generate it for you and postscript print drivers can print to a file? Some reasons might be: Having direct postscript output can often result in much more efficient postscript, postscipt that prints faster than the more generic output from printer drivers.

89. Print Center Features - Adobe PostScript Vs. Adobe PDF But unlike these other languages, postscript is a programming language designed to do one thing describe extremely accurately what a page looks like. http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~dws/imageinfo/pdf_ps_eps.html

This is an article I downloaded from the Adobe web site. The original link is here WHY DO WE OFFER TWO PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES? HOW DO THEY DIFFER? By David Evans For people who aren't experts in the area of high-end digital imaging, the differences between and PDF (Portable Document Format) might be a bit foggy. In fact, you've likely heard people touting PDF as the replacement for PostScript. Have you ever wondered why? Let's start with a definition of what PostScript and PDF are at a very fundamental level. We'll take a quasi-technical look at both, after which the mists will vanish and all will be revealed. A matter of language First, let's look at PostScript. PostScript is a page description language - a programming language, much like those that software engineers use to build applications. In fact, you can do an experiment to prove this to yourself. In , create a new document and draw a box. Save this file, and open it in a word processor. What you'll see is a "program," written in the PostScript language, that defines the dimensions of a page and draws a box on it. In the earliest days of PostScript, drawings could be created only by manually typing in the PostScript language. Programmers would read the

90. PostScript Halftoning Accurate Screens . To get the most from these programs, you should have some experience programming postscript code. postscript code http://www.imagequality.com/dtp/pshalftones.html

PostScript Color Halftoning and PostScript Screen-Development Programs Notes by Peter Fink Although stochastic screening is all the rage these days, the vast majority of imaging still takes place via conventional (supercell) halftoning, and will continue to do so for years to come. It's easy to forget that as recently as 1991 there were major moire problems with PostScript color halftones. The supercell halftone screening that emerged during 1991 and 1992 abruptly made these moire problems extinct, paving the way for PostScript to take over high-end prepress. Faster processors and some very clever math made it possible for Linotype HQS Screening, Agfa Balanced Screening, Varityper's ESCOR screening, and various other systems to appear within a period of about 18 months. Many of these supercell systems owe much to Adobe Accurate Screens, the technologically sophisticated native PostScript Level 2 halftoning system. (Accurate Screens was also made available on late-generation PostScript Level 1 Emerald RIPs.) Accurate Screens resources in the RIP made it much easier for individual vendors to add their own refinements and offer the resulting halftone systems to the public under their own trademarked names. Philosophically and technically, all current supercell PostScript halftoning systems are similar. Although they all offer a quantum leap in quality over the limited first-generation PostScript screening, all operate best with a few optimum "screen sets" of four halftone screens. Due primarily to hardware differences, a screen set that works well on one imagesetter will not necessarily work well on another.

91. Amiga-FAQ - Postscript TeX Fonts Are there any postscript interpreters? postscript is a programming language designed to be used to describe printing on pages. http://oldwww.nvg.ntnu.no/amiga/amigafaq/AmigaFAQ_48.html

TeX Fonts Are there any Postscript interpreters? PostScript is a programming language designed to be used to describe printing on pages. Apple helped make PostScript popular by selling printers with built in PostScript interpreters. Many programs have evolved to produce PostScript programs as their output, making PostScript the lingua franca of printing. Until recently, in order to print a PostScript file, you had to have a relatively expensive laser printer. The development that changed this was the software PostScript interpreter. These programs allow your computer to interpret PostScript programs, and produce the matrix of dots to send to your normal graphics printer. One of the benefits of PostScript is that it is resolution independent. What this means is that it can support the highest resolution of your device and that you can reasonably preview PostScript on a low resolution screen. There are two free PostScript interpreters for the Amiga. Post and Ghostscript. Post comes as an Amiga shared library along with front ends for previewing to the screen and printing. This structure allows others to write programs that can show PostScript images on screen. In fact, AmigaTeX uses Post's library to support incorporation of PostScript into documents. Ghostscript similarly comes in two programs, but not as a shared library. Ghostscript is the rendering engine, and Ghostview is the front end. Sources: Aminet (directorys `text/print' and `text/dtp' ), Fish disk 669

92. FPS - Functional PostScript postscript, in fact, is a complete programming language. As the printer executes your postscript program, it builds up images on the page and prints them out. http://www.scsh.net/resources/fps.html

Code Snippets Sunterlib SUnet FPS ... Testing scsh .net fps Wandy Sae-Tan's and Olin Shiver's Functional PostScript embeds PostScript's base imaging operators in Scheme, resulting in a portable system for doing device and resolution independent graphics from Scheme programs ... like Olin Shiver's maze generator , whose FPS backend and sample output you may want to have a look at. This and other FPS examples are listed on the page for graphics resources. Download version 1.0 of the package and a patch to load FPS into scsh version 0.5.3 or later. The following explanation has been snarfed from a historic SU project list Functional PostScript is a UROP -designed graphics language that takes PostScript's base imaging operators, and embeds them in a Scheme engine instead of a Forth engine. A picture description is a small (or not so small) Scheme program; executing the program causes the picture to be rendered. The result is a system that provides device-independent, resolution-independent graphics support from Scheme. A full description of the system can be obtained on the Web, complete with sources. (Take a look; it's an elegant system.) The current implementation produces output by rendering the picture to a stream of straight-line PostScript text, which can then be shipped off to any PostScript printer, or viewed from Ghostview or other previewer program.

93. Information Headquarters: PostScript The Language postscript is a fullfledged programming language. Typically, postscript programs are not produced by humans, but by other programs. http://www.informationheadquarters.com/Apple_Macintosh/PostScript.shtml

PharmacyHeadquarters SearchHeadquarters - Need a Payday Loan Talk politics at WashingtonTalk PostScript How to Physics History Companies ... History of Computing This content from Wikipedia is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License Links HOME Help build the worlds largest free encyclopedia

94. Programming Contest Problems Archive 1992 in TeX and gzipped postscript format ODU ACM Spring programming Contest 1993 in TeX and gzipped postscript format Mountain Region programming Contest 1990 http://www.inf.bme.hu/contests/tasks/

Welcome to the Programming Contest Problems Archive! If you are preparing for a programming contest or just want to have some interesting problems this page might be useful. Here you can find past problems of national, regional and international contests. Have fun! This page was accessed times since December 1996. New Items: ACM Central European Region 1997 ACM East Central Region 1997 ACM Mid-Central Region 1997 International Olympiad in Informatics IOI'89 - Pravetz, Bulgaria IOI'90 - Minsk, Belarus, Soviet-Union IOI'91 - Athens, Greece IOI'92 - Bonn, Germany ... IOI'95 - Eindhoven, The Netherlands Day 1 tasks: A Game Job Processing Network of Schools in zipped Word for Windows format and in HTML Day 1 solutions (in Pascal): A Game Job Processing Network of Schools Day 2 tasks: Sorting a Three-Valued Sequence Longest Prefix Magic Squares in zipped Word for Windows format and in HTML Day 2 solutions (in Pascal): Sorting a Three-Valued Sequence Longest Prefix Magic Squares Miscellaneous: test data for all the 6 tasks, mtool.exe to the task Magic Squares include modules for the task A Game The ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest ACM'91 in text and HTML ACM'92 in text and HTML ACM'93 in text and HTML ACM'94 in text and HTML ACM'95 in text and HTML ACM'96 DUKE Internet Programming Contest 1990 problems in TeX and Postscript format and complete package (.tar.gz)

95. DevCentral Home There are many programming alternatives to classic CGI programming, however, one of the most powerful and useful alternatives is Java Servlets. http://devcentral.iticentral.com/

HOME Login Change Info Logout TUTORIALS C, C++ Java Visual Basic MFC ... Other DOWNLOADS ITCLib SourceVizor meets the notification, reporting, and admin needs of teams using Microsoft Visual SourceSafe Free 30-day trial! Welcome to DevCentral! Check out the best 100% free tutorials and articles on the web for the software development community. It doesn't matter if you are a student or a professional software engineer, DevCentral has content to match everything from learning C to Java Class Loaders. DevCentral provides all these self paced tutorials, technology articles, and downloads for everyone to enjoy for free. Features: Fast and quick navigation to content All articles are available as downloadable Acrobat PDFs All articles include a compatability list at the end which details the tools used while writing the article Register for 100% free and private access to all the DevCentral content. If you are already a registered DevCentral or DevJournal user, please log in DevCentral's Most Popular Resources: Introduction to DCOM Part I (DCOM) Authors William Rubin and Marshall Brain begin their interesting and informative series that introduces the basics of DCOM. The article is adapted from their book, Understanding DCOM (Prentice Hall), available in bookstores now.

96. Java Programming Resources -- Java, Java, And More Java Java programming resources FAQs, tutorials, compiler and browser download sites, documentation, books lists, applet and class library collections, security, CGI in Java, etc. operations, image http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java

Java Programming Resources J2EE Training Courses: Short courses on JSP servlets Struts JSF , and Java programming are available from a well-known author and award-winning instructor. Public or on-site at your company. Servlet/JSP Books: Check out these bestselling books from Sun Press: Java Books Java FAQs and Tutorials Java Documentation Java Programming Courses ... HTML and JavaScript Java programming resources collected by Marty Hall for work in the Research and Technology Development Center of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab , for courses in the Johns Hopkins Part-Time MS Program in Computer Science , and for various industry seminars and short courses . Many are extracted from Core Servlets and JavaServer Pages and Core Web Programming from Sun Microsystems Press and Prentice Hall. Java Programming Resources: Table of Contents Java Programming Books My top Java and Web programming book choices, based on personal experience programming and teaching. Includes general tutorials plus books on JFC and Swing, JDBC, RMI, Network Programming, Threads, Servlets, etc. Java Programming FAQs and Tutorials Beginner and advanced Frequently Asked Questions lists. General Java tutorials and tutorials on specific Java programming topics.

97. A PostScript Flower A mathematical construction in postscript. If you wonder how this image was created, download the EPSfile screen) and print it on any postscript printer to see the picture http://johanherbschleb.planetaclix.pt/flowers.htm

A mathematical construction in PostScript If you wonder how this image was created, download the EPS-file, import it into e.g. Word, PageMaker or Freehand (you'll see nothing but an empty square on your screen) and print it on any PostScript printer to see the picture. On any other printer you will see an empty square (or rectangle). The image is fully stretchable. Contact me by: Email for specific problems and solutions.

98. MDW Consulting - PostScript Page MDW Consulting http://www.mdwconsulting.com/ps/

Sorry, but this page can only be viewed with a browser that supports frames.

99. An Introduction To PostScript postscript is an interpreted language when you create a page in QuarkXpress and print it, QuarkXPress creates a postscript program that describes the content http://www.prepressure.com/ps/whatis/PSinterpreter.htm

PostScript: an interpreted language If you have ever programmed, you probably know there are 2 different types of programming languages: compiled and interpreted languages. Some languages, like Basic, are available in both a compiled and an interpreted version. PostScript is a language that is interpreted. There are no PostScript compilers. Compiled languages A programming language that can be compiled is translated to machine-ready instructions on the system where the program was written. As a user, you get the compiled program that can run directly on your computer systems. Compiled programs run fast but they are created for a specific type of processor and cannot be executed by another processor. To fix errors in them, you also need the source code of the original program. All the programs that you buy for your computer, like games, office apps and so on, are compiled programs. Postscript code gets interpreted PostScript is an interpreted language: when you create a page in QuarkXpress and print it, QuarkXPress creates a PostScript program that describes the content of your masterpiece and sends this to the output device you selected. This output device, say a laser printer, has its own computer which run a program called a RIP. This RIP program reads the PostScript instructions line by line and then translates them into something that the processor of that RIP can process.

100. Programming From Specifications Carroll Morgan programming from Specifications Second Edition © Carroll Morgan 1990, 1994 and 1998. Acknowledgements, Contents, 1. Programs and refinement, http://users.comlab.ox.ac.uk/carroll.morgan/PfS/

Carroll Morgan Programming from Specifications Second Edition Permission is granted to copy this material for private study; for other uses please contact the author About this web edition Preface Differences from the first edition ... Semantics A. Some laws for predicate calculation B. Answers to some exercises C. Summary of laws References Index Answers to all exercises ... The whole text Back to the top Look here here or here for other formal methods material.

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